考虑多重不确定性和备用互济的含风电互联电力系统分散协调调度方法
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摘要
针对含风电互联电力系统优化运行问题,提出考虑风电预测误差、负荷预测误差,和发电机、联络线故障多重不确定性,支持联络线备用互济决策的安全约束分散协调调度模型和方法。首先综合考虑风速预测误差和风电机组强迫停运,得到风电场出力概率模型;然后通过改进机组停运容量概率表,在考虑机组故障的基础上得到进一步考虑风电和负荷不确定性的备用需求;最后建立考虑多重不确定性和备用互济的安全约束分散协调调度模型,采用随机–鲁棒的优化框架,实现多重不确定性因素在决策过程中的处理,设计双层目标级联分析算法实现对联络线功率和备用互济的分散协调调度。通过对2区78节点和2区236节点进行算例分析,验证所提模型的有效性和互联互备模式的经济性。
For optimal operation of wind-power-integrated multi-area interconnected power systems, this paper proposes a security-constrained coordinated decentralized dispatch approach taking multiple uncertainties(including forecast error of wind power and load, generator fault and tie-line tripping) and mutual reserve support into consideration. Firstly, the probabilistic output of wind farm considering forced outage of wind turbine is modeled. Then, by modifying the capacity outage probability table(COPT), the reserve demand based on reliability level is obtained. Next, a security-constrained coordinated decentralized dispatch model is established, integrated stochastic-robust optimization is adopted to address multiple uncertainties and a two-level analytical target cascading algorithm is designed to realize coordinated decentralized scheduling of tie-line power and mutual reserve. Through example analysis of two-area 78-bus system and two-area 236-bus system, validity of the proposed approach and economy of the interconnected mutual reserve mode are verified.
For optimal operation of wind-power-integrated multi-area interconnected power systems, this paper proposes a security-constrained coordinated decentralized dispatch approach taking multiple uncertainties(including forecast error of wind power and load, generator fault and tie-line tripping) and mutual reserve support into consideration. Firstly, the probabilistic output of wind farm considering forced outage of wind turbine is modeled. Then, by modifying the capacity outage probability table(COPT), the reserve demand based on reliability level is obtained. Next, a security-constrained coordinated decentralized dispatch model is established, integrated stochastic-robust optimization is adopted to address multiple uncertainties and a two-level analytical target cascading algorithm is designed to realize coordinated decentralized scheduling of tie-line power and mutual reserve. Through example analysis of two-area 78-bus system and two-area 236-bus system, validity of the proposed approach and economy of the interconnected mutual reserve mode are verified.
引文
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[8]Chattopadhyay D,Baldick R.Unit commitment with probabilistic reserve[C]//2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting.New York,2002.
[9]Bruninx K,Van den Bergh K,Delarue E,et al.Optimization and allocation of operating reserves in a low-carbon framework[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2016,31:872-882.
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[11]Ahmadi-Khatir A,Conejo A J,Cherkaoui R.Multi-area unit scheduling and reserve allocation under wind power uncertainty[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014(29):1701-1710.
[12]张倩文,王秀丽,杨廷天,等.含风电场电力系统的鲁棒优化调度[J].电网技术,2017,41(5):1451-1459.Zhang Qianwen,Wang Xiuli,Yang Tingtian,et al.A robust dispatch method for power grid with wind farms[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(5):1451-1459(in Chinese).
[13]Street A,Moreira A,Arroyo J M.Energy and reserve scheduling under a joint generation and transmission security criterion:an adjustable robust optimization approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014(29):3-14.
[14]汪超群,韦化,吴思缘.计及风电不确定性的随机安全约束机组组合[J].电网技术,2017,41(5):1419-1427.Wang Chaoqun,Wei Hua,Wu Siyuan.Stochastic-security-constrained unit commitment considering uncertainty of wind power[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(5):1419-1427(in Chinese).
[15]Fernandez-Blanco R,Dvorkin Y,Ortega-Vazquez M A.Probabilistic security-constrained unit commitment with generation and transmission contingencies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(1):228-239.
[16]王扬,赵书强,徐岩,等.基于机会约束目标规划的风火储系统滚动调度[J].电网技术,2017,41(1):187-194.Wang Yang,Zhao Shuqiang,Xu Yan,et al.Rolling dispatch of wind/thermal/storage system based on chance constrained goal programming[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(1):187-194(in Chinese).
[17]ConejoA J,AguadoJ A.Multi-area coordinated decentralized DCoptimal power flow[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1998,13(4):1272-1278.
[18]文云峰,郭创新,郭剑波,等.多区互联电力系统的分散协调风险调度方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(14):3724-3733.Wen Yunfeng,Guo Chuangxin,Guo Jianbo,et al.Coordinated decentralized risk-based dispatch of multi-area interconnected power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(14):3724-3733(in Chinese).
[19]Kargarian A,Fu Y,Li Z.Distributed security-constrained unit commitment for large-scale power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(4):1925-1936.
[20]Monteiro C,Bessa R.Miranda V,et al.Wind power forecasting:state-of-the-art 2009[R].Argonne National Laboratory,2009.
[21]Lange M.On the uncertainty of wind power predictions-analysis of the forecast accuracy and statistical distribution of errors[J].Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,2005(127):177-284.
[22]黄海煜,于文娟.考虑风电出力概率分布的电力系统可靠性评估[J].电网技术,2013,37(9):2585-2591.Huang Haiyu,Yu Wenjuan.Power grid reliability assessment considering probability distribution of wind farm power output[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(9):2585-2591(in Chinese).
[23]Billinton R,Allan R N.Reliability evaluation of power systems(second edition)[M].New York:Plenum,1996:24-31.
[24]Vrakopoulou M,Margellos K,Lygeros J,et al.A probabilistic framework for reserve scheduling and n-1 security assessment of systems with high wind power penetration[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(4):3885-3896.
[25]Warrington J,Goulart P,Mariethoz S,et al.Policy-based reserves for power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(4):4427-4437.
[26]Jabr R A.Adjustable robust OPF with renewable energy sources[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(4):4742-4751.
[27]Jabr R A,Karaki S,Korbane J A.Robust multi-period OPF with storage and renewables[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(5):2790-2799.
[2]Liu G,Tomsovic K.Quantifying spinning reserve in systems with significant wind power penetration[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(4):2385-2393.
[3]周玮,孙辉,顾宏,等.计及风险备用约束的含风电场电力系统动态经济调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(1):47-55.Zhou Wei,Sun Hui,Gu Hong,et al.Dynamic economic dispatch of wind integrated power systems based on risk reserve constraints[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(1):47-55(in Chinese).
[4]Pozo D,Contreras J.A chance-constrained unit commitment with an n-k security criterion and significant wind generation[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2013,28(3):2842-2851.
[5]梁子鹏,陈皓勇,雷佳,等.考虑风电不确定度的风-火-水-气-核-抽水蓄能多源协同旋转备用优化[J].电网技术,2018,42(7):2111-2119.Liang Zipeng,Chen Haoyong,Lei Jia,et al.A multi-source coordinated spinning reserve model considering wind power uncertainty[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(7):2111-2119(in Chinese).
[6]Zhang Y,Wang J,Ding T,et al.Conditional value at risk-based stochastic unit commitment considering the uncertainty of wind power generation[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2018,12(2):482-489.
[7]张刘冬,殷明慧,卜京,等.基于成本效益分析的风电-抽水蓄能联合运行优化调度模型[J].电网技术,2015,39(12):3386-3392.Zhang Liudong,Yin Minghui,Bu Jing,et al.A joint optimal operation model of wind farms and pumped storage units based on cost-benefit analysis[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(12):3386-3392(in Chinese).
[8]Chattopadhyay D,Baldick R.Unit commitment with probabilistic reserve[C]//2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting.New York,2002.
[9]Bruninx K,Van den Bergh K,Delarue E,et al.Optimization and allocation of operating reserves in a low-carbon framework[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2016,31:872-882.
[10]Bruninx K,Delarue E.Endogenous probabilistic reserve sizing and allocation in unit commitment models:cost-effective,reliable,and fast[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017(32):2593-2603.
[11]Ahmadi-Khatir A,Conejo A J,Cherkaoui R.Multi-area unit scheduling and reserve allocation under wind power uncertainty[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014(29):1701-1710.
[12]张倩文,王秀丽,杨廷天,等.含风电场电力系统的鲁棒优化调度[J].电网技术,2017,41(5):1451-1459.Zhang Qianwen,Wang Xiuli,Yang Tingtian,et al.A robust dispatch method for power grid with wind farms[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(5):1451-1459(in Chinese).
[13]Street A,Moreira A,Arroyo J M.Energy and reserve scheduling under a joint generation and transmission security criterion:an adjustable robust optimization approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014(29):3-14.
[14]汪超群,韦化,吴思缘.计及风电不确定性的随机安全约束机组组合[J].电网技术,2017,41(5):1419-1427.Wang Chaoqun,Wei Hua,Wu Siyuan.Stochastic-security-constrained unit commitment considering uncertainty of wind power[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(5):1419-1427(in Chinese).
[15]Fernandez-Blanco R,Dvorkin Y,Ortega-Vazquez M A.Probabilistic security-constrained unit commitment with generation and transmission contingencies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(1):228-239.
[16]王扬,赵书强,徐岩,等.基于机会约束目标规划的风火储系统滚动调度[J].电网技术,2017,41(1):187-194.Wang Yang,Zhao Shuqiang,Xu Yan,et al.Rolling dispatch of wind/thermal/storage system based on chance constrained goal programming[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(1):187-194(in Chinese).
[17]ConejoA J,AguadoJ A.Multi-area coordinated decentralized DCoptimal power flow[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1998,13(4):1272-1278.
[18]文云峰,郭创新,郭剑波,等.多区互联电力系统的分散协调风险调度方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(14):3724-3733.Wen Yunfeng,Guo Chuangxin,Guo Jianbo,et al.Coordinated decentralized risk-based dispatch of multi-area interconnected power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(14):3724-3733(in Chinese).
[19]Kargarian A,Fu Y,Li Z.Distributed security-constrained unit commitment for large-scale power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(4):1925-1936.
[20]Monteiro C,Bessa R.Miranda V,et al.Wind power forecasting:state-of-the-art 2009[R].Argonne National Laboratory,2009.
[21]Lange M.On the uncertainty of wind power predictions-analysis of the forecast accuracy and statistical distribution of errors[J].Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,2005(127):177-284.
[22]黄海煜,于文娟.考虑风电出力概率分布的电力系统可靠性评估[J].电网技术,2013,37(9):2585-2591.Huang Haiyu,Yu Wenjuan.Power grid reliability assessment considering probability distribution of wind farm power output[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(9):2585-2591(in Chinese).
[23]Billinton R,Allan R N.Reliability evaluation of power systems(second edition)[M].New York:Plenum,1996:24-31.
[24]Vrakopoulou M,Margellos K,Lygeros J,et al.A probabilistic framework for reserve scheduling and n-1 security assessment of systems with high wind power penetration[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(4):3885-3896.
[25]Warrington J,Goulart P,Mariethoz S,et al.Policy-based reserves for power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(4):4427-4437.
[26]Jabr R A.Adjustable robust OPF with renewable energy sources[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(4):4742-4751.
[27]Jabr R A,Karaki S,Korbane J A.Robust multi-period OPF with storage and renewables[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(5):2790-2799.