基于等效行波的柔性直流电网差动保护研究
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摘要
直流线路保护是高压大容量柔性直流电网亟需解决的关键问题之一。针对目前的通信技术难以满足传统行波差动保护对高速采样数据的实时传输要求这一突出问题,文章提出了基于等效行波的柔性直流电网差动保护方法。作为单端量主保护的后备保护,该方法仅利用少量能表征原故障电流行波关键信息的模极大值进行数据交互,在线路两端重构出能完美复现原故障电流行波的等效故障电流行波,不但大大减少了构造行波差动保护判据所需的通信数据量,而且可实现柔性直流电网故障区域和区内直流线路不同类型故障的可靠、快速识别。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了四端环形柔性直流电网,对所提的基于等效行波的柔性直流电网差动保护方案进行了仿真验证。
Protection for DC transmission lines is one of the key problems that urgent to be solved in constructing highvoltage and large-capacity VSC-based DC grid in the future. Aiming at the prominent problem that the current communication technology is difficult to meet the requirements of real time transmission of high-speed sampling data proposed by traditional differential protection based on travelling-wave, a new differential protection scheme based on equivalent travelling-wave for VSC-based DC grid is presented by this paper. As a backup protection for primary protection based on single-erminal electrical quantities, a small amount of exchanged modulus maxima which can represent the critical information of the original fault-current travelling-wave are used to reconstruct the equivalent fault current travelling-wave which can perfectly reproduce the original fault-current travelling-wave in this scheme. As a resultnot only the communication data needed to construct the differential protection criterion is greatly reduced but also the reliable and fast identification of fault location and different types of faults in the internal area could be realized. Finally, a four-terminal loop VSC-based DC grid model is built in PSCA/EMTDC, and the differential protection scheme based on equivalent travellingwave is simulated and verified.
Protection for DC transmission lines is one of the key problems that urgent to be solved in constructing highvoltage and large-capacity VSC-based DC grid in the future. Aiming at the prominent problem that the current communication technology is difficult to meet the requirements of real time transmission of high-speed sampling data proposed by traditional differential protection based on travelling-wave, a new differential protection scheme based on equivalent travelling-wave for VSC-based DC grid is presented by this paper. As a backup protection for primary protection based on single-erminal electrical quantities, a small amount of exchanged modulus maxima which can represent the critical information of the original fault-current travelling-wave are used to reconstruct the equivalent fault current travelling-wave which can perfectly reproduce the original fault-current travelling-wave in this scheme. As a resultnot only the communication data needed to construct the differential protection criterion is greatly reduced but also the reliable and fast identification of fault location and different types of faults in the internal area could be realized. Finally, a four-terminal loop VSC-based DC grid model is built in PSCA/EMTDC, and the differential protection scheme based on equivalent travellingwave is simulated and verified.
引文
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[7]李小鹏,滕予非,刘耀,等.基于测量波阻抗的高压直流输电线路纵联保护[J].电网技术,2017.41(2):617-623.LI Xiaopeng,TENG Yufei,LIU Yao,et al. Pilot protection based on measured surge impedance for HVDC transmission lines[J]. Power System Technology,2017,41(2):617-623.
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[9] PEI Xiangyu, TANG Guangfu, ZHANG Shengmei. A novel pilot protection principle based on modulus traveling-wave currents for voltage-sourced converter based high voltage direct curent(VSCHVDC)transmission lines[J]. Energies,2018,11(9):2395.
[10] CAI Jing, HA Hengxu, YU Yang, et al. A novel travelling wave based differential protection for distriuted parameter line[C]//2011 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference(APPEEC). Wuhan:IEEE, 2011:1-5.
[11] YUAN Zhaoqiang, ZHANG Chengxue. Studies of an algorithm of high speed travelling wave differential protection for EHV/UHV transmission line[C]//2012 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference(APPEEC). Shanghai:IEEE,2012:1-6.
[12] WANG Lei, CHEN Qing, XI Chuanxin. Study on the travelling wave differential protection and the improvement scheme for VSCHVDC transmission lines[C]//2016 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference(APPEEC). Xi'an:IEEE,2016:1943 4 947.
[13]汤兰西,董新洲.半波长交流线路行波差动电流特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(8):2261-2269.TANG Lanxi,DONG Xinzhou. Study on the characteristic of travelling wave differential current on half-wave-length AC transmission lines[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(8):2261-2269.
[14] TANG Lanxi, DONG Xinzhou, LUO Shuxino, et al. A new differential protection of transmission line based on equivalent travelling wave[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2017,32(3):1359-4369
[15]苏斌,董新洲,孙元章.基于小波变换的行波差动保护[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(18):25-29.SU Bin, DONG Xinzhou, SUN Yuanzhang. Travelling wave differential proection based on wavelet transform[J]. Automation of Eectric Power Sytstems,2004,28(18):25-29.
[16]付金良.时频电磁暂态分析理论与方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2015.HE Jinliang. Theroy and methods for time and frequency domain electromagnetic transient analysis[M]. Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2015.
[17] REN Li, DONG Xinzhou, SHI Shenxing,et al. A novel energy ratio direcion relay based on equivalent travelling wave process[C]//12th IET International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection(DPSP2014). Copenhagen:IET, 2014:1-4.
[2]姚良忠,吴婧,王志冰,等.未来高压直流电网发展形态分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(34):6007-6020.YAO Liangzhong, WU Jing,WANG Zhibing,et al. Pattern analysis of future HVDC grid development[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(34):6007-6020.
[3]吴亚楠,吕铮,贺之渊,等.基于架空线的直流电网保护方案研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3726-3733.WU Yanan,LU Zheng, HE Zhiyuan, et al. Study on the protection strategies of HVDC Grid for overhead line application[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(04):3726-3733.
[4] DONG Xinzhou, LUO Shuxin, SHI Shenxing, et al.Implementation and application of practical travelling-wave-based directional protection in UHV transmission lines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2016, 31(1):294-302.
[5]张保会,孔飞,张嵩,等.高压直流输电线路单端暂态量保护装置的技术开发[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(4):179-185.ZHANG Baohui, KONG Fei, ZHANG Song, et al. Technical development of non-unit protection devices based on transient signals for HVDC transmission lines[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(4):179-185.
[6]裴翔羽,汤广福,庞辉,等.柔性直流电网线路保护与直流断路器优化协调配合策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(S1):11-48.PEI Xiangyu,TANG Guangfu, PANG Hui,et al. Study on optimized coordination strategies between line protection and DC breakers for VSC-based DC grid[J]. Proceeding of the CSEE, 2018,38(S1):11-18.
[7]李小鹏,滕予非,刘耀,等.基于测量波阻抗的高压直流输电线路纵联保护[J].电网技术,2017.41(2):617-623.LI Xiaopeng,TENG Yufei,LIU Yao,et al. Pilot protection based on measured surge impedance for HVDC transmission lines[J]. Power System Technology,2017,41(2):617-623.
[8]陈乐,薄志谦,林湘宁,等.基于波形相似度比较的线路快速纵联保护研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(17):5018-5027.CHEN Le, BO Zhiqian, LIN Xiangning,et al. Waveform similarity comparison based high-speed pilot protection for transmission line[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(17):5018-5027.
[9] PEI Xiangyu, TANG Guangfu, ZHANG Shengmei. A novel pilot protection principle based on modulus traveling-wave currents for voltage-sourced converter based high voltage direct curent(VSCHVDC)transmission lines[J]. Energies,2018,11(9):2395.
[10] CAI Jing, HA Hengxu, YU Yang, et al. A novel travelling wave based differential protection for distriuted parameter line[C]//2011 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference(APPEEC). Wuhan:IEEE, 2011:1-5.
[11] YUAN Zhaoqiang, ZHANG Chengxue. Studies of an algorithm of high speed travelling wave differential protection for EHV/UHV transmission line[C]//2012 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference(APPEEC). Shanghai:IEEE,2012:1-6.
[12] WANG Lei, CHEN Qing, XI Chuanxin. Study on the travelling wave differential protection and the improvement scheme for VSCHVDC transmission lines[C]//2016 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference(APPEEC). Xi'an:IEEE,2016:1943 4 947.
[13]汤兰西,董新洲.半波长交流线路行波差动电流特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(8):2261-2269.TANG Lanxi,DONG Xinzhou. Study on the characteristic of travelling wave differential current on half-wave-length AC transmission lines[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(8):2261-2269.
[14] TANG Lanxi, DONG Xinzhou, LUO Shuxino, et al. A new differential protection of transmission line based on equivalent travelling wave[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2017,32(3):1359-4369
[15]苏斌,董新洲,孙元章.基于小波变换的行波差动保护[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(18):25-29.SU Bin, DONG Xinzhou, SUN Yuanzhang. Travelling wave differential proection based on wavelet transform[J]. Automation of Eectric Power Sytstems,2004,28(18):25-29.
[16]付金良.时频电磁暂态分析理论与方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2015.HE Jinliang. Theroy and methods for time and frequency domain electromagnetic transient analysis[M]. Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2015.
[17] REN Li, DONG Xinzhou, SHI Shenxing,et al. A novel energy ratio direcion relay based on equivalent travelling wave process[C]//12th IET International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection(DPSP2014). Copenhagen:IET, 2014:1-4.