河南省雨季短时强降水时空分布特征
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摘要
利用高密度地面自动站逐小时降水观测资料,分析了河南省2010—2015年雨季(5—9月)短时强降水(flash heavy rain, FHR)的时空分布特征。主要结果如下:河南省FHR集中发生在7、8月,其中7月最多,8月次之;河南雨季FHR量、降水贡献和发生频率的局地差异明显,主要存在4个大值区,即豫北黄河以北地区、豫东商丘地区、豫西南伏牛山以南以东地区、豫南沿淮及其以南地区;地形对降水的增幅作用显著,且主要是通过增加FHR发生频次实现的;FHR频次日变化呈明显的双峰结构,傍晚至凌晨的前半夜为FHR频发时段;4个大值区内FHR频次日变化差异明显,如黄河以北地区其日变化幅度较大、呈单峰型,而沿淮及其以南地区其日变化幅度较小、呈持续活跃型;大部分FHR前后都伴随着连续降水,降水过程的持续时间主要在1～8 h之间,持续时间大于等于3 h的过程主要位于两个与地形密切相关的高频集中区,即伏牛山以东支脉的喇叭口地形区和沿淮及其以南地区。
Based on the hourly rainfall data from dense automatic weather stations over Henan between May and September from 2010 to2015, we have analyzed temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of flash heavy rain(FHR) in this province during rainy season. Major results are as follows. FHR occurs most frequently in July, followed by August. According to regional difference of FHR in amount, contribution rate and frequency, there are four high value centers of FHR, i.e. the north of the Yellow River in the northern Henan, the Shangqiu in the eastern Henan, the piedmont region involved with the south and east of Funiu Mountains in the southwest Henan, and the basins along Hwai River and its south in the southern Henan. Terrain has a significant effect on the increase of precipitation, which is mainly achieved by increasing the frequency of FHR. The diurnal variation of FHR frequency shows obviously a double peak structure, and FHR occurs mostly in the period from nightfall to wee hours of the morning. The diurnal variation of FHR frequency differs among the four high value centers mentioned above. For example, in the north of the Yellow River, it shows a single peak characteristic and its amplitude is large, while in the basins along Hwai River and its south, it shows a persistent and active characteristic and its amplitude is small. Most of FHR events are accompanied by continuous precipitation whose durations are between 1 h and 8 h, and those lasting longer than 3 h occur more in the two high value centers related closely to terrain, i.e. the bell mouthed terrain in the east of Funiu Mountains and the basins along Hwai River and its south.
Based on the hourly rainfall data from dense automatic weather stations over Henan between May and September from 2010 to2015, we have analyzed temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of flash heavy rain(FHR) in this province during rainy season. Major results are as follows. FHR occurs most frequently in July, followed by August. According to regional difference of FHR in amount, contribution rate and frequency, there are four high value centers of FHR, i.e. the north of the Yellow River in the northern Henan, the Shangqiu in the eastern Henan, the piedmont region involved with the south and east of Funiu Mountains in the southwest Henan, and the basins along Hwai River and its south in the southern Henan. Terrain has a significant effect on the increase of precipitation, which is mainly achieved by increasing the frequency of FHR. The diurnal variation of FHR frequency shows obviously a double peak structure, and FHR occurs mostly in the period from nightfall to wee hours of the morning. The diurnal variation of FHR frequency differs among the four high value centers mentioned above. For example, in the north of the Yellow River, it shows a single peak characteristic and its amplitude is large, while in the basins along Hwai River and its south, it shows a persistent and active characteristic and its amplitude is small. Most of FHR events are accompanied by continuous precipitation whose durations are between 1 h and 8 h, and those lasting longer than 3 h occur more in the two high value centers related closely to terrain, i.e. the bell mouthed terrain in the east of Funiu Mountains and the basins along Hwai River and its south.
引文
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[17]袁晨,马力.都江堰短时强降水时空分布统计特征[J].气象科技,2013,41(6):1 086-1 090
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[20]周盈颖,陈元珺,伍祥清,等.重庆东北部短时强降水时空分布及概念模型[J].贵州气象,2015,39(2):12-22
[21]陶诗言.中国之暴雨[M].北京:科学出版社,1980:13-23
[22]梅婵娟,张灿,李宏江.2011年“7·25”山东乳山特大暴雨成因分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(3):82-89
[23]罗艳艳,吴雪贞,郑宝智,等.基于区域自动站资料的闽中地区前汛期短时强降水特征分析[J].海峡科学,2016(9):7-10
[2]陈炯,郑永光,张小玲,等.中国暖季短时强降水分布和日变化特征及其与中尺度对流系统日变化关系分析[J].气象学报,2013,71(3):367-382
[3]孙继松,何娜,王国荣,等.“7.21”北京大暴雨系统的结构演变特征及结构初探[J].暴雨灾害,2012,31(3):218-225
[4]丁一汇,蔡则怡,李吉顺.1975年8月上旬河南特大暴雨的研究[J].大气科学,1978,2(4):276-289
[5]“75·8”暴雨会战组.河南“75·8”特大暴雨成因的初步分析(一)[J].气象,1977(7):3-5
[6]周旋.中国南方短时强降水及暴雨日的分布研究[D].北京:中国气象科学研究院,2014
[7]郑景云,尹云鹤,李炳元.中国气候区划新方案[J].地理学报,2010,65(1):3-12
[8]苏爱芳,银燕,吕晓娜,等.黄淮西部地貌过渡区深对流云的时空特征及其天气意义[J].气象学报,2013,71(3):383-396
[9]王新伟,平凡,姬兴杰,等.近40 a河南省夏季降水变化特征分析[J].暴雨灾害,2018,37(3):219-229
[10]鲁坦,徐文明,俞小鼎.2003—2014年河南春季暴雨特征及影响系统[J].气象与环境科学, 2017,40(2):92-99
[11]张远.河南省大暴雨预报方法研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2012
[12]侯春梅,陈忠民,康雯瑛,等.河南汛期暴雨时空分布特征及其成因分析[J].气象与环境科学,2008,31(2):39-42
[13] YU Rucong, XU Youping, ZHOU Tianjun, et al. Relation between rainfall duration and diurnal cycle in the warm season precipitation over central eastern China[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2007, 34(13):173-180
[14] YU Rucong, ZHOU Tianjun, XIONG Anyuan, Diurnal variation of summer precipitation over contiguous China[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2007, 34(1):223-234
[15]周明飞,熊伟,杜小玲.贵州近10年短时强降水统计分析[J].成都信息工程大学学报,2016,31(4):425-432
[16]王国荣,王令.北京地区夏季短时强降水时空分布特征[J].暴雨灾害,2013,32(3):276-279
[17]袁晨,马力.都江堰短时强降水时空分布统计特征[J].气象科技,2013,41(6):1 086-1 090
[18]黄嘉佑.气相统计分析与预报方法(第三版)[M].北京:气象出版社,2004:8-11, 23-25
[19]赵娅琴.北太平洋850 hPa和500 hPa夏季副热带高压的时空特征分析[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013
[20]周盈颖,陈元珺,伍祥清,等.重庆东北部短时强降水时空分布及概念模型[J].贵州气象,2015,39(2):12-22
[21]陶诗言.中国之暴雨[M].北京:科学出版社,1980:13-23
[22]梅婵娟,张灿,李宏江.2011年“7·25”山东乳山特大暴雨成因分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(3):82-89
[23]罗艳艳,吴雪贞,郑宝智,等.基于区域自动站资料的闽中地区前汛期短时强降水特征分析[J].海峡科学,2016(9):7-10