考虑充放电能量不均衡的双电池系统状态评估与控制策略
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摘要
电池使用寿命是风电场功率波动平抑场景中影响储能系统经济性的重要因素。为了延长电池使用寿命,基于充放电任务分开执行的双电池系统运行模式,建立了给定最佳放电深度运行的双电池储能系统充放电数学模型,讨论了该运行模式下因充放电能量不均衡出现的极端运行情况。针对储能系统的实时运行状况和风电功率的波动情况,提出了能够表征双电池储能系统运行能力的充放电饱和能力指标和充放电运行平稳度指标,进而设计了模糊控制策略以自适应调节低通滤波器时间常数,优化控制储能电池的荷电状态,避免系统进入因充放电能力不足的不稳定运行区间。利用MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台,从荷电状态优化控制效果和波动平抑效果两方面对所提控制策略进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,所提模糊控制策略能够维持双电池储能系统长期稳定运行,并保证了波动平抑效果。
The lifetime of battery is an important factor affecting the economics of battery energy storage system(BESS)for smoothing wind power fluctuation.To extend the BESS lifetime,the charging or discharging model of dual-battery energy storage system(DBESS)with the most appropriate depth of discharge(DOD)is established based on the DBESS operation principle of separately charging or discharging.And the extreme operating conditions are studied due to the unbalanced energy between the process of charging and discharging.According to real-time status of DBESS and wind power fluctuations,the charging and discharging saturation index and stability index of DBESS are listed.To avoid DBESS operating in the unstable regions with less charging and discharging capacity,the fuzzy control strategy is adopted to adaptively adjust the time constant of low-pass filter so that the battery state of charge(SOC)status can be optimized.Finally,the proposed control strategy is simulated and analyzed on MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform.The results show that the proposed fuzzy control strategy can not only maintain the long-term stable operation of DBESS but also ensure the suppression effect.
The lifetime of battery is an important factor affecting the economics of battery energy storage system(BESS)for smoothing wind power fluctuation.To extend the BESS lifetime,the charging or discharging model of dual-battery energy storage system(DBESS)with the most appropriate depth of discharge(DOD)is established based on the DBESS operation principle of separately charging or discharging.And the extreme operating conditions are studied due to the unbalanced energy between the process of charging and discharging.According to real-time status of DBESS and wind power fluctuations,the charging and discharging saturation index and stability index of DBESS are listed.To avoid DBESS operating in the unstable regions with less charging and discharging capacity,the fuzzy control strategy is adopted to adaptively adjust the time constant of low-pass filter so that the battery state of charge(SOC)status can be optimized.Finally,the proposed control strategy is simulated and analyzed on MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform.The results show that the proposed fuzzy control strategy can not only maintain the long-term stable operation of DBESS but also ensure the suppression effect.
引文
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[2]YE Y,SHI Y,TAY A.Electro-thermal cycle life model for lithium iron phosphate battery[J].Journal of Power Sources,2012,217(11):509-518.
[3]严干贵,朱星旭,李军徽,等.内蕴运行寿命测算的混合储能系统控制策略设计[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(1):110-114.YAN Gangui,ZHU Xingxu,LI Junhui,et al.Control strategy design for hybrid energy storage system with intrinsic operation life measurement and calculation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(1):110-114.
[4]杨锡运,任杰,李相俊,等.储能系统平滑光伏电站功率波动的变参数斜率控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(24):56-63.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160129005.YANG Xiyun,REN Jie,LI Xiangjun,et al.Slope control method with variable coefficients of battery energy storage system for smoothing photovoltaic power fluctuation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(24):56-63.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160129005.
[5]张峰,梁军,张利,等.考虑最佳期望输出与荷电状态的风电场储能容量优化方法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(24):12-19.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20131029002.ZHANG Feng,LIANG Jun,ZHANG Li,et al.Energy storage capacity optimization for wind farms considering optimal expected output and SOC[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(24):12-19.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20131029002.
[6]李逢兵,谢开贵,张雪松,等.基于寿命量化的混合储能系统协调控制参数优化[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(1):1-5.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130503006.LI Fengbing,XIE Kaigui,ZHANG Xuesong,et al.Optimization of coordinated control parameters for hybrid energy storage system based on life quantization[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(1):1-5.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130503006.
[7]柴炜,李征,蔡旭,等.基于使用寿命模型的大容量电池储能系统变步长优化控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(14):58-66.CAI Wei,LI Zheng,CAI Xu,et al.Variable step-size control method of large capacity battery energy storage system based on the life model[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(14):58-66.
[8]TRAN D,KHAMBADKONE A M.Energy management for lifetime extension of energy storage system in micro-grid applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2013,4(3):1289-1296.
[9]李军徽,穆钢,崔新振,等.双锂电池-电容器混合储能系统控制策略设计[J].高电压技术,2015,41(10):3224-3232.LI Junhui,MU Gang,CUI Xinzhen,et al.Control strategy design of dual lithium battery-capacitor hybrid energy storage system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(10):3224-3232.
[10]李军徽,吉丽,崔新振,等.基于PSCAD/EMTDC的双电池组储能系统协调运行特性分析[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(14):434-441.LI Junhui,JI Li,CUI Xinzhen,et al.Coordination operating characteristics analysis of dual battery energy storage system based on PSCAD/EMTDC[J].Journal of Chinese Electrical Engineering Science,2015,30(14):434-441.
[11]张婳,张斌,籍天明,等.基于双向互补的储能系统控制策略及经济性分析[J].电力建设,2016,37(8):96-101.ZHANG Hua,ZHANG Bin,JI Tianming,et al.Control strategy and economic analysis of energy storage system based on bidirectional complementary[J].Electric Power Construction,2016,37(8):96-101.
[12]YAO D L,CHOI S S,TSENG K J,et al.A Statistical approach to the design of a dispatchable wind power-battery energy storage system[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2009,24(4):916-925.
[13]YUAN Y,ZHANG X,JU P,et al.Applications of battery energy storage system for wind power dispatchability purpose[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2012,93(10):54-60.
[14]李凯,马倩,徐红兵,等.储能系统的荷电状态管理策略及其影响评价[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(8):27-32.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20140826008.LI Kai,MA Qian,XU Hongbing,et al.SOC management strategy of storage system and its impact assessment[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(8):27-32.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20140826008.