水下爆炸对沉箱重力式码头毁伤效应
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摘要
通过开展不同爆距下水下爆炸对沉箱重力式码头模型毁伤效应试验,对水下荷载进行了采集分析,对毁伤因素、毁伤模式和毁伤机理开展了研究,初步讨论了爆距的影响。结果表明:试验中未形成完整的气泡脉动过程,荷载超压主要出现在冲击波传播阶段,爆炸冲击波、水底反射波和侧壁反射波是主要的毁伤因素;水下爆炸对沉箱重力式码头造成的毁伤程度大、模式多、机理复杂,主要毁伤部位为迎爆面外墙、迎爆侧管沟、封仓板和面板;爆距越近码头毁伤越严重;当爆距过近时,爆炸能量被迎爆面结构变形大量吸收,迎爆面毁伤程度大幅增大,码头其他部位毁伤程度增幅放缓。
Through the experimental study on the damage effect of underwater explosion on caisson gravity wharf model under different explosion distances, data collection and analysis for underwater loads and model damage are conducted, a study on damage factors, damage modes and damage mechanisms is developed, and the impact of explosion distance is initially discussed. The results show that the complete bubble pulsation process is not formed. Load overpressure mainly occurrs during the propagation stage of shock wave; explosive shock wave, reflected bottom wave and reflected sidewall wave are main damage factors; underwater explosions causes the damage with serious damage effectiveness, multiple modes and complex mechanisms to the caisson gravity wharf, and the major damage parts are exterior wall of explsion faces, proximal pipe trenche, cabin-sealing covers and face plate; the closer the explosion distance, the more serious the structural damage; however, when the explosion distance is too close, the explosion energy is mostly absorbed by the structural distortion of the blasting surface, so the growth on the severity of the explsive-side exterior wall's damage increases significantly and the growth on the severity of other parts' damage slows down.
Through the experimental study on the damage effect of underwater explosion on caisson gravity wharf model under different explosion distances, data collection and analysis for underwater loads and model damage are conducted, a study on damage factors, damage modes and damage mechanisms is developed, and the impact of explosion distance is initially discussed. The results show that the complete bubble pulsation process is not formed. Load overpressure mainly occurrs during the propagation stage of shock wave; explosive shock wave, reflected bottom wave and reflected sidewall wave are main damage factors; underwater explosions causes the damage with serious damage effectiveness, multiple modes and complex mechanisms to the caisson gravity wharf, and the major damage parts are exterior wall of explsion faces, proximal pipe trenche, cabin-sealing covers and face plate; the closer the explosion distance, the more serious the structural damage; however, when the explosion distance is too close, the explosion energy is mostly absorbed by the structural distortion of the blasting surface, so the growth on the severity of the explsive-side exterior wall's damage increases significantly and the growth on the severity of other parts' damage slows down.
引文
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[2]顾文彬,叶序双,刘文华,等.界面对浅层水中爆炸冲击波峰值压力影响的研究[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2001,2(5):61-63.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-3443.2001.05.015.GU Wenbin,YE Xushuang,LIU Wenhua,et al.Peak pressure investigation of exploding wave influenced by interfaces in shallow-layer water[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2001,2(5):61-63.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-3443.2001.05.015.
[3]张阿漫,姚熊亮.近边界三维水下爆炸气泡动态特性研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2008,28(2):124-130.DOI:10.11883/10011455(2008)02-0124-07.ZHANG Aman,YAO Xiongliang.On dynamics of an underwater explosion bubble near a boundary[J].Explsion and Shock Waves,2008,28(2):124-130.DOI:10.11883/1001-1455(2008)02-0124-07.
[4]方斌,朱锡.不同边界条件下水下爆炸气泡的数值模拟[J].海军工程大学学报,2008,20(2):85-90.DOI:10.7495/j.issn.1009-3486.2008.02.019.FANG Bin,ZHU Xi.Numerical simulation of underwater explosion bubble with different boundaries[J].Journal of Naval University of Engineering,2008,20(2):85-90.DOI:10.7495/j.issn.1009-3486.2008.02.019.
[5]顾文彬,马海洋,唐勇,等.水底对浅水中装药爆炸效果的影响[J].爆破,2003,20(4):88-92.DOI:10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2003.04.029.GU Wenbin,MA Haiyang,TANG Yong,et al.Influence of water bottom on the explosion effect of shallow-layer water charging[J].Blasting,2003,20(4):88-92.DOI:10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2003.04.029.
[6]杨莉,汪玉,汪斌,等.沉底装药水中爆炸现象的实验研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2013,33(2):175-180.DOI:10.11883/1001-1455(2013)02-0175-06.YANG Li,WANG Yu,WANG Bin,et al.Experimental investigation on loading characteristics of underwater explosion from a bottom charge[J].Explsion and Shock Waves,2013,33(2):175-180.DOI:10.11883/1001-1455(2013)02-0175-06.
[7]JAYAPRAKASH A,CHAHINE G,HSIAO C T.Numerical and experimental study of the interaction of a spark-generated bubble and a vertical wall[J].Massachusetts Institute of Technology,2012,134(3):031301.DOI:10.1115/IMECE2010-40515.
[8]师燕超,李忠献.爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土柱的动力响应与破坏模式[J].建筑结构学报,2008(4):112-117.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-6869.2008.04.015.SHI Yanchao,LI Zhongxian.Dynamic responses and failuremodes of RC columns underblast loading[J].Journal of Building Structures,2008(4):112-117.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-6869.2008.04.015.
[9]李建阳.爆炸载荷下水中混凝土损伤破坏规律研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2010:21-52.DOI:10.7666/d.y1705850.
[10]SHI Y,LI Z,HAO H.A new method for progressive collapse analysis of RC frames under blast loading[J].Engineering Structures,2010,32(6):1691-1703.DOI:10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.02.017.
[11]ZHAO C F,CHEN J Y,WANG Y,et al.Damage mechanism and response of reinforced concrete containment structure under internal blast loading[J].Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics,2012,61(1):12-20.DOI:10.1016/j.tafmec.2012.08.002.
[12]张社荣,王高辉,王超,等.水下爆炸冲击荷载作用下混凝土重力坝的破坏模式[J].爆炸与冲击,2012,32(5):501-507.DOI:10.11883/1001-1455(2012)05-0501-07.ZHANG Sherong,WANG Gaohui,WANG Chao,et al.Failure mode analysis of concrete gravity dam subjected to underwater explosion[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2012,32(5):501-507.DOI:10.11883/1001-1455(2012)05-0501-07.
[13]王高辉.极端荷载作用下混凝土重力坝的动态响应行为和损伤机理[D].天津:天津大学,2014:159-213.
[14]王高辉,张社荣,卢文波,等.近边界面的水下爆炸冲击波传播特性及气穴效应[J].水利学报,2015,46(8):999-1007.DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20140035.ZHANG Sherong,WANG Gaohui,LU Wenbo,et al.The influence of boundaries on the shock wave propagation characteristics and cavitation effects of underwater explosion[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,46(8):999-1007.DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20140035.
[15]LI Q,WANG G,LU W,et al.Failure modes and effect analysis of concrete gravity dams subjected to underwater contact explosion considering the hydrostatic pressure[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2018,85:62-76.DOI:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.12.008.
[16]SMITH C J,COOKSEY D L,WARREN F M,et al.Evaluation and repair of war-damaged port facilities.Report 2.Port vulnerability,pier and wharf repair and storage area repair:AD-A200[R].Naval Civil Engineering Lab,1988.
[17]韦灼彬.钢筋混凝土桩基梁板码头爆炸毁伤及抢修技术研究[D].天津:天津大学,2005:8-68.DOI:10.7666/d.y850662.
[18]侯晓峰,王全胜,钱展芃,等.水中爆炸条件下结构毁伤评估方法研究[J].防护工程,2014,36(1):40-45.HOU Xiafeng,WANG Quansheng,QIAN Zhanpeng,et al.Study on the assessment methods of structures subjected to underwater explosion[J].Protective Engineering,2014,36(1):40-45.
[19]MEHAUTE B L,WANG S,KHANGAOANKAR T,et al.Advances in impulsively generated water waves[M]//Water Wave Kinematics.Springer Netherlands,1990:591-608.DOI:10.1007/978-94-009-0531-3_38.
[20]崔杰.近场水下爆炸气泡载荷及对结构毁伤试验研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2013:79-89.