基于生物力学仿真的驾驶员身体负荷分布研究
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摘要
针对目前主要从姿势角度和主观评价两方面对驾驶姿势舒适性进行评价,未能在更深层次上揭示驾驶姿势舒适性的机理,且通过主观评价构建的姿势不舒适度模型的实用效果不理想,提出了一种客观评价方法。首先建立了驾驶员的人体生物力学模型;接着设计仿真方案,进行肌肉分群,设定评价指标,并定义姿势变量;最后通过仿真,初步获得驾驶员坐姿和驾驶室布置参数对驾驶员人体生物力学负荷及其分布的影响规律。
In view of that current evaluations on driving postural comfort conducted from the aspects of postural angles and subjective evaluation can not reveal the mechanism of driving postural comfort in depth,and the practical effects of postural discomfort model created by subjective evaluation is also not so good,an objective evaluation method is proposed. Firstly a human biomechanical model for driver is built. Then simulation scheme is devised,muscles are classified into groups,evaluation indicators are set and postural variables are defined. Finally a human biomechanics simulation is performed and the law of the effects of driving posture and the packaging parameters of cab on the human biomechanical loads and their distribution of driver is preliminarily obtained.
In view of that current evaluations on driving postural comfort conducted from the aspects of postural angles and subjective evaluation can not reveal the mechanism of driving postural comfort in depth,and the practical effects of postural discomfort model created by subjective evaluation is also not so good,an objective evaluation method is proposed. Firstly a human biomechanical model for driver is built. Then simulation scheme is devised,muscles are classified into groups,evaluation indicators are set and postural variables are defined. Finally a human biomechanics simulation is performed and the law of the effects of driving posture and the packaging parameters of cab on the human biomechanical loads and their distribution of driver is preliminarily obtained.
引文
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[19]陈景辉,任金东,等.驾驶员姿势舒适性评价研究[J].汽车工程,2013,35(6):548-564.
[2]MIYAMOTO M,SHIRAI Y,NAKAYAMA Y,et al.An epidemiologic study of occupational low back pain in truck drivers[J].Nippon Med Sch.,2000,67(3):186-190.
[3]PARK S J,KIM C B,KIM C J,et al.Comfortable driving postures for Koreans[J].International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2000(26):489-497.
[4]PORTER J M,GYI D E.Exploring the optimum posture for driver comfort[J].International Journal of Vehicle Design,1998,19(3):255-266.
[5]ZAEHER I,BUBB H.Strength based discomfort model of posture and movement[C].SAE Paper 2004-01-2139.
[6]BUBB H,ESTERMANN S.Influence of forces on comfort feeling in vehicles[C].SAE Paper 2000-01-2171.
[7]FRITZSCHE F,BUBB H.Discomfort model for arm movements[C].SAE Paper 2008-01-1872.
[8]FAND D,WANG X G.Discomfort assessment of car ingress/egress motions using the concept of neutral movement[C].SAE Paper 2005-01-2706.
[9]REED M P,LEE N.An investigation of driver discomfort and seat design factors in extended-duration driving[C].SAE Paper910117.
[10]REED M P,MANARY M A,FLANNAGAN C A C,et al.A statistical method for predicting automobile driving posture[J].Human Factors,2002,44(4):557-568.
[11]HIRAO A,KITAZAKI S,YAMAZAKI N.Development of a new driving posture focused on biomechanical loads[C].SAE Paper2006-01-1302.
[12]RASMUSSEN J,de ZEE M.Design optimization of airline seats[C].SAE Paper 2008-01-1863.
[13]GRUJICIC M,PANDURANGAN B,ARAKERE G,et al.Seatcushion and soft-tissue material modeling and a finite element investigation of the seating comfort for passenger-vehicle occupants[J].Materials and Design,2009(30):4273-4285.
[14]GRUJICIC M,PANDDURANGAN B,XIE X,et al.Musculoskeletal computational analysis of the influence of car-seat design/adjustments on long-distance driving fatigue[J].International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2010(40):345-355.
[15]RASMUSSEN J,DAMSGAARD M,VOIGT M.Muscle recruitment by the Min/Max criterion a comparative numerical study[J].Journal of Biomechanics,2001,34(3):409-415.
[16]Society of Automotive Engineers.Recommended practice J1100,motor vehicle dimensions[S].Warrendale PA:Society of Automotive Engineers,Inc.,2002.
[17]RIZWAN A,THOMAS Z,MARCEL D,et al.Influence of lumbar spine rhythms and intra-abdominal pressure on spinal loads and trunk muscle forces during upper body inclination[J].Medical Engineering&Physics,2016,38(4):333-338.
[18]GORDON C,CHURCHILL T,CHARLES E,et al.1988 anthropometric survey of U.S.army personnel:methods and summary statistics[R].Anthropology Research Project,Inc.1989.
[19]陈景辉,任金东,等.驾驶员姿势舒适性评价研究[J].汽车工程,2013,35(6):548-564.