基于肌肉骨骼负荷的上肢姿势不舒适度评价方法
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摘要
针对通过主观评价建立的人体姿势不舒适度评价方法的应用效果不理想的问题,提出了基于肌肉骨骼负荷的上肢姿势不舒适度评价方法(Upper Limb Posture Discomfort Assessment Method Based on Musculoskeletal Loads,UAML)。根据人体关节负荷大小、肌张力收缩程度与人体姿势不舒适度之间的因果关系,应用DELMIA人机工程软件进行了人体关节负荷仿真实验,测量了虚拟人在不同人体姿势下关节力矩的变化情况,利用MP150生理记录仪测量了一组受试者在不同人体姿势下的表面肌电特性。对关节力矩数据和根据相关肌肉横截面积加权计算得到的肌电数据进行了归一化处理,利用回归分析的方法建立了以关节动作角度为变量的关节动作不舒适度模型,运用模糊综合评价的方法对关节不舒适度和上肢姿势不舒适度进行评价,将提出的评价方法应用到实际,与快速上肢评价法的评价结果相比,验证了其可靠性。
In view of poor application effects of posture discomfort assessment methods based on subjective assessment,the upper limb posture discomfort assessment method based on musculoskeletal loads was proposed.According to the causality of posture discomfort with joint loads and muscle tension of contraction,joint loads simulation experiment was conducted by applying DELMIA ergonomics software.Surface electromyography characteristics of subjects in different postures were measured with MP150 physiological recorder.Joint moment data and surface electromyography data with weighted calculation were normalized.Joint motions discomfort models whose variable is joint motions angles were established by regression analysis.Joints discomfort and upper limb discomfort were assessed by fuzzy synthetic evaluation method.Assessment method proposed was applied to practical.Assessment results were compared with rapid upper limb assessment,and it shows the assessment method is reliable.
In view of poor application effects of posture discomfort assessment methods based on subjective assessment,the upper limb posture discomfort assessment method based on musculoskeletal loads was proposed.According to the causality of posture discomfort with joint loads and muscle tension of contraction,joint loads simulation experiment was conducted by applying DELMIA ergonomics software.Surface electromyography characteristics of subjects in different postures were measured with MP150 physiological recorder.Joint moment data and surface electromyography data with weighted calculation were normalized.Joint motions discomfort models whose variable is joint motions angles were established by regression analysis.Joints discomfort and upper limb discomfort were assessed by fuzzy synthetic evaluation method.Assessment method proposed was applied to practical.Assessment results were compared with rapid upper limb assessment,and it shows the assessment method is reliable.
引文
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[2]孔令.作业姿势舒适性评价研究[J].林业劳动安全,2009,22(1):22-25.
[3]刘琴,孙林岩,刘军峰.公交司机肌肉骨骼损伤风险的工效学分析[J].工业工程与管理,2012,17(2):118-122.
[4]张立博,袁修干,杨春信,等.坐姿时上肢作业姿势舒适性评价[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(9):51-55.
[5]郭伏,孙永丽,叶秋红.国内外人因工程学研究的比较分析[J].工业工程与管理,2007,12(6):118-122.
[6]Mcatamney L,Corlett E N.RULA:a survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limbdisorders[J].Applied Ergonomics,1993,24(2):91-99.
[7]Lv C,Zhang J.Research of parameter design and matching of powertrain system in plug-in hybrid electric vehicle[C].//International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering,IEEE,2011:2490-2493.
[8]罗仕鉴.基于生物学反应的驾驶舒适度研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.
[9]吴剑锋,孙守迁,徐孟,等.面向人机仿真的肌肉力预测模型[J].中国机械工程,2008,19(5):571-574.
[10]葛树旺,陈松林,付圣灵,等.手臂静态姿势负荷的肌电实验研究[J].工业卫生与职业病,2008,34(4):220-223.
[11]丁嘉顺,王正伦,张海央,等.手臂静态姿势和反复性操作负荷的肌电测定分析[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2004,22(6):406-409.
[12]毕红哲,庄达民.航空人机工程计算机仿真[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2010.
[13]Ehsani M,Gao Y,Emadi A.Modern Electric,Hybrid Electric and Fuel CellVehicles[M].Second Edition.Boca Raton:CRC Press Taylor&Francis Group,2010.
[14]Laring J,Forsman M,Kadefors R,et al.MTM-based ergonomic workloadanalysis[J].International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2002,30(3):135-148.
[15]郑秀媛.现代运动生物力学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002.
[16]李玉章.表面肌电在体育中的应用[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2015.
[17]Kee D,Karwowski W.LUBA:an assessment technique for postural loading on the upper body based on joint motion discomfort and maximum holdingtime[J].Applied Ergonomics,2001,32(4):357.
[18]宗涛.晶圆车间搬举作业环境的工效学评估与改善[J].工业工程与管理,2011,16(6):69-74.