搬运作业能量消耗模型及仿真研究
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摘要
为预防手工搬运工人因疲劳引发的职业性肌肉骨骼损伤(WMSDs),综合考虑生产效率和人因工程2个因素,提出考虑搬运时间和能量消耗的双目标模型;采用IGRIP/ERGO和Matlab软件,设计交互式仿真平台;以某汽车刹车片制造公司的手工搬运作业(MMH)为例,应用上述模型进行模拟仿真,得出最优解。结果表明:投入材料数量和生产工序均对能量消耗和作业时间有显著影响,并且能耗和时间的变化率负相关;该模型兼顾生产效率和人因工程2个因素,能够得出最优作业方案;交互式仿真平台有助于控制并预防现代工业生产中的WMSDs风险,使工作环境和作业设计达到人因工程要求。
In order to prevent workers from suffering from work-related musculoskeletal disorders due to fatigue in manual handling,a bi-objective model was built about handling time and energy consumption based on economics and ergonomics. An interactive simulation platform was designed by using IGRIP/ERGO and Matlab are used to carry out simulation experiments. Through the simulation of the model,the case was executed about manual materials handling in an automobile brake pad manufacturing company.The optimal solution was gotten. The results show that both the material quantity and the production procedure have significant effects on energy consumption and handling time,that there is a negative correlation between the change rate of energy consumption and time,that the optimal solution can be usually obtained between productivity and ergonomics according to the proposed bi-objective model,andthat the interactive simulation platform is helpful in controlling and preventing WMSDs for workers in modern production operation, and in making the production environment and operation design in accordance with ergonomics.
In order to prevent workers from suffering from work-related musculoskeletal disorders due to fatigue in manual handling,a bi-objective model was built about handling time and energy consumption based on economics and ergonomics. An interactive simulation platform was designed by using IGRIP/ERGO and Matlab are used to carry out simulation experiments. Through the simulation of the model,the case was executed about manual materials handling in an automobile brake pad manufacturing company.The optimal solution was gotten. The results show that both the material quantity and the production procedure have significant effects on energy consumption and handling time,that there is a negative correlation between the change rate of energy consumption and time,that the optimal solution can be usually obtained between productivity and ergonomics according to the proposed bi-objective model,andthat the interactive simulation platform is helpful in controlling and preventing WMSDs for workers in modern production operation, and in making the production environment and operation design in accordance with ergonomics.
引文
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[3]白正宗,袁永博,张明媛.基于智能手机的建筑工人躯干姿势危险评估方法[J].中国安全科学学报,2018,28(1):81-86.BAI Zhengzong,YUAN Yongbo,ZHANG Mingyuan.Assessment of risk in construction workers'trunk posture using mobile sensor[J].China Safety Science Journal,2018,28(1):81-86.
[4]GAO Zenggui,SUN Shouqian,GOONETILLEKE R S,et al.Effect of an on-hip load-carrying belt on physiological and perceptual responses during bimanual anterior load carriage[J].Applied Ergonomics,2016,55:133-137.
[5]BATTINI D,GLOCK C H,GROSSE E H,et al.Human energy expenditure in order picking storage assignment:a biobjective method[J].Computers&Industrial Engineering,2016,94:147-157.
[6]徐相蓉,王生,余善法.工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患的行业流行趋势及进展[J].中国工业医学杂志,2016,29(4):278-282.XU Xiangrong,WANG Sheng,YU Shanfa,et al.The industry trends and research progress on work-related musculoskeletal disorders[J].Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine,2016,29(4):278-282.
[7]MAZZOLA M,FORZONI L,D'ONOFRIO S,et al.Use of digital human model for ultrasound system design:a case study to minimize the risks of musculoskeletal disorders[J].International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2016,60:35-46.
[8]VYAVAHARE R T,KALLURKAR S P.Ergonomic evaluation of electric hedge trimmer using digital human modeling[J].Agricultural Engineering International,2015,17(4):100-108.
[9]刘琴,孙林岩,刘军峰.公交司机肌肉骨骼损伤风险的工效学分析[J].工业工程与管理,2012,17(2):118-122.LIU Qin,SUN Linyan,LIU Junfeng.Human factor analysis on the musculoskeletal disorders of bus drivers[J].Industrial Engineering and Management,2012,17(2):118-122.
[10]NUR N M,DAWAL S Z,DAHARI M,et al.The effects of energy expenditure rate on work productivity performance at different levels of production standard time[J].Journal of Physical Therapy Science,2015,27(8):2 431-2 433.
[11]BATTINI D,DELORME X,DOLGUI A,et al.Ergonomics in assembly line balancing based on energy expenditure:a multi-objective model[J].International Journal of Production Research,2015,54(3):824-845.
[12]王维,唐小凤,李焱.基于维修仿真的人体疲劳分析[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(增1):245-248.WANG Wei,TANG Xiaofeng,LI Yan.Human fatigue analysis based on maintenance simulation[J].Journal of System Simulation,2006,18(S1):245-248.
[13]GARG A,CHAFFIN D B,HERRIN G D.Prediction of metabolic rates for manual materials handling jobs[J].American Industrial Hygiene Association Quarterly,1978,39(8):661-674.
[14]赵小松,常陈英,张阳,等.考虑工人疲劳的工作排程研究[J].工业工程与管理,2012,17(1):112-116.ZHAO Xiaosong,CHANG Chenying,ZHANG Yang,et al.Work-rest scheduling to consider workers'fatigue[J].Industrial Engineering and Management,2012,17(1):112-116.
[15]郭孜政,刘仙,陈瑞雅,等.疲劳影响驾驶员心理旋转能力的ERP试验研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(10):7-12.GUO Zizheng,LIU Xian,CHEN Ruiya,et al.ERP-based study on influence of fatigue on drivers'mental rotation ability[J].China Safety Science Journal,2017,27(10):7-12.