脆木耳生物学特性及驯化栽培
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摘要
对采自海南省白沙县鹦哥岭阔叶树腐木上的标本,根据形态学特征和多基因分析,鉴定为脆木耳Auriculariafibrillifera,经分离纯化获得纯菌株作为实验材料,为了充分利用和开发木耳属资源,首次对该种的生物学特性和驯化栽培进行了研究。研究不同碳源、氮源、无机盐和生长因子在固体培养条件下对脆木耳菌丝生长的影响,对以上4个因素进行单因素试验,从中选出3个最优的水平进行正交试验。结果表明:脆木耳菌丝最适生长温度为33℃,最佳碳源为麦芽糖,最佳氮源为牛肉粉,最佳无机盐添加量为1.5%PO43-–1%Mg2+,最佳生长因子为玉米汁。驯化栽培过程中,栽培配方为:木屑78%,麸皮20%,石膏粉1%,石灰粉1%,发菌温度为22℃可使脆木耳菌丝在40d左右满袋,且生长旺盛,可培育出子实体。
An Auricularia special specimen discovered in Baisha County, Hainan Province of China, grown on rotten wood, is identified as Auricularia fibrillifera, based on morphological characteristics and polygenic analysis. Biological characteristics and domestic cultivation of the fungus were evaluated. Effects of different carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salt and growth factors on mycelial growth of the fungus under solid culture condition were investigated by orthogonal experiments. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth was 33°C, the best carbon source was maltose, the best nitrogen source was beef extract powder, the best inorganic salt was 1.5% PO43-–1% Mg2+ and corn juice was the best growth factors. In domestication experiments, the best substrate formula is composed of sawdust 78%, bran 20%, gypsum 1% and lime 1%,which well supports the mycelial growth and accelerates primordium formation and fruitage, and sackful occurs within 40 days.
An Auricularia special specimen discovered in Baisha County, Hainan Province of China, grown on rotten wood, is identified as Auricularia fibrillifera, based on morphological characteristics and polygenic analysis. Biological characteristics and domestic cultivation of the fungus were evaluated. Effects of different carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salt and growth factors on mycelial growth of the fungus under solid culture condition were investigated by orthogonal experiments. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth was 33°C, the best carbon source was maltose, the best nitrogen source was beef extract powder, the best inorganic salt was 1.5% PO43-–1% Mg2+ and corn juice was the best growth factors. In domestication experiments, the best substrate formula is composed of sawdust 78%, bran 20%, gypsum 1% and lime 1%,which well supports the mycelial growth and accelerates primordium formation and fruitage, and sackful occurs within 40 days.
引文
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Chen Y,Yao FJ,Liu GJ,Wang HY,Liang Y,2010.The announcements and suggestions of Auricularia auricula cultivation using substitute media.Edible Fungi of China,29(2):55-58(in Chinese)
Dai YC,Bau T,2007.Illustration of edible and medicinal fungi in northeastern China.Science Press,Beijing.1-231(in Chinese)
Dai YC,Zhou LW,Yang ZL,Wen HA,Bau T,Li TH,2010.Arevised checklist of edible fungi in China.Mycosystema,29(1):1-21(in Chinese)
Edgar,2004.Die Geburt der Gegenstandstheorie aus einem Missverst?ndnis?:phenomenology&analysis essays in central European philosophy.Chemical Geology,238(1-2):107-120
Gan N,Xu HL,Wu XY,Yin H,Huang YS,Ning CG,2018.Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide AAP-10 and its immunoregulatory activity on immunosuppressed mice.Food Science,39(19):196-200(in Chinese)
Li SZ,2004.Compendium of materia medica in Ming dynasty.People’s Medical Publishing House,Beijing.1708-1712(in Chinese)
Lu A,Yu M,Shen M,Xu S,Xu Z,Zhang Y,Lin Z,Wang W,2017.Preparation of the Auricularia auricular polysaccharides simulated hydrolysates and their hypoglycaemic effect.International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,106:1139-1145
Luo JW,Si FL,Gu ZX,Wang LL,Meng XX,2018.Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of polysaccharides from three species of Auricularia.Food Science,39(19):64-69(in Chinese)
Posada D,Crandall KA,1998.Modeltest:testing the model of DNA substitution.Bioinformatics,14(9):817-818
Ronquist F,Huelsenbeck JP,2003.Mrbayes 3:bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models.Bioinformatics,19(12):1572-1574
Vilgalys R,Hester M,1990.Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species.Journal of Bacteriology,172(8):4238-4246
Wang J,2013.Study on the morphological development and domestication of Auricularia polytricha.Master Thesis,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun.1-47(in Chinese)
Wang J,Yao FJ,Wang XE,Fang M,Chen Y,2014.Study on cultivation characteristics of four wild species of Auricularia Bull.ex Mérat.Edible Fungi of China,33(2):15-16+19(in Chinese)
White TJ,Bruns T,Lee SJ,Taylor JW,1990.Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics.PCR protocols:a guide to methods and applications,18(1):315-322
Wu F,2016.Taxonomy and phylogeny of Auricularia(Auriculariales,Basidiomycota).PhD Dissertation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing.1-96(in Chinese)
Wu F,Dai YC,2015.Notes on the nomenclature of the Auricularia auricula-judae complex.Mycosystema,34(4):604-611(in Chinese)
Wu F,Yuan Y,Liu HG,Dai YC,2014.Auricularia(Auriculariales,Basidiomycota):a review of recent research progress.Mycosystema,33(2):198-207(in Chinese)
Wu XL,Bau T,Mao XL,2013.Medicinal fungi of China.Science Press,Beijing.1-930(in Chinese)
Yan JQ,Bau T,2017.New and newly recorded species of Psathyrella(Psathyrellaceae,Agaricales)from northeast China.Phytotaxa,321(1):137-139
Zhang XY,2018.Biological characteristics and cultivation of fruit body of wild edible mushroom Auricularia villosula.Kyushu University Institutional Repository,63(1):5-14
Zhao S,Rong C,Liu Y,Xu F,Wang S,Duan C,Chen J,Wu X,2015.Extraction of a soluble polysaccharide from Auricularia polytricha and evaluation of its anti-hypercholesterolemic effect in rats.Carbohydrate Polymers,122:39-45
Zhao S,Rong CB,Zhang SM,Liu Y,Chen J,2017.Protective effects of polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula on ethanol-induced liver injury.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,45(12):142-144(in Chinese)
陈影,姚方杰,刘桂娟,王海英,梁艳,2010.黑木耳代用料栽培的注意事项和建议.中国食用菌,29(2):55-58
戴玉成,图力古尔,2007.中国东北野生食药用真菌图志.北京:科学出版社.1-231
戴玉成,周丽伟,杨祝良,文华安,图力古尔,李泰辉,2010.中国食用菌名录.菌物学报,29(1):1-21
甘霓,许海林,吴小勇,尹辉,黄延盛,宁初光,2018.黑木耳多糖AAP-10对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用.食品科学,39(19):196-200
李时珍,2004.明代本草纲目菜部.北京:人民卫生出版社.1708-1712
罗敬文,司风玲,顾子玄,王琳玲,孟秀秀,2018.3种木耳多糖的抗氧化活性与抑菌能力比较分析.食品科学,39(19):71-76
图力古尔,李玉,2012.中国名蘑100.菌物研究,10(3):154-157
王敬,2013.毛木耳的形态发育及野生菌株驯化研究.吉林农业大学硕士论文,长春.1-47
王敬,姚方杰,王小娥,方明,陈影,2014.木耳属4个野生菌株的培养特性研究.中国食用菌,33(2):15-16+19
吴芳,2016.木耳属的分类与系统发育研究.北京林业大学博士论文,北京.1-96
吴芳,戴玉成,2015.黑木耳复合群中种类学名说明.菌物学报,34:604-611
吴芳,员瑗,刘鸿高,戴玉成,2014.木耳属研究进展.菌物学报,33:198-207
吴兴亮,图力古尔,卯晓岚,2013.中国药用真菌.北京:科学出版社.1-930
赵爽,荣成博,张淑曼,刘宇,陈杰,2017.毛木耳多糖对乙醇性肝损伤的保护作用.江苏农业科学,45(12):142-144
Bau T,Li Y,2012.One hundred famous Chinese mushrooms.Journal of Fungal Research,10(3):154-157(in Chinese)
Chen Y,Yao FJ,Liu GJ,Wang HY,Liang Y,2010.The announcements and suggestions of Auricularia auricula cultivation using substitute media.Edible Fungi of China,29(2):55-58(in Chinese)
Dai YC,Bau T,2007.Illustration of edible and medicinal fungi in northeastern China.Science Press,Beijing.1-231(in Chinese)
Dai YC,Zhou LW,Yang ZL,Wen HA,Bau T,Li TH,2010.Arevised checklist of edible fungi in China.Mycosystema,29(1):1-21(in Chinese)
Edgar,2004.Die Geburt der Gegenstandstheorie aus einem Missverst?ndnis?:phenomenology&analysis essays in central European philosophy.Chemical Geology,238(1-2):107-120
Gan N,Xu HL,Wu XY,Yin H,Huang YS,Ning CG,2018.Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide AAP-10 and its immunoregulatory activity on immunosuppressed mice.Food Science,39(19):196-200(in Chinese)
Li SZ,2004.Compendium of materia medica in Ming dynasty.People’s Medical Publishing House,Beijing.1708-1712(in Chinese)
Lu A,Yu M,Shen M,Xu S,Xu Z,Zhang Y,Lin Z,Wang W,2017.Preparation of the Auricularia auricular polysaccharides simulated hydrolysates and their hypoglycaemic effect.International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,106:1139-1145
Luo JW,Si FL,Gu ZX,Wang LL,Meng XX,2018.Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of polysaccharides from three species of Auricularia.Food Science,39(19):64-69(in Chinese)
Posada D,Crandall KA,1998.Modeltest:testing the model of DNA substitution.Bioinformatics,14(9):817-818
Ronquist F,Huelsenbeck JP,2003.Mrbayes 3:bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models.Bioinformatics,19(12):1572-1574
Vilgalys R,Hester M,1990.Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species.Journal of Bacteriology,172(8):4238-4246
Wang J,2013.Study on the morphological development and domestication of Auricularia polytricha.Master Thesis,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun.1-47(in Chinese)
Wang J,Yao FJ,Wang XE,Fang M,Chen Y,2014.Study on cultivation characteristics of four wild species of Auricularia Bull.ex Mérat.Edible Fungi of China,33(2):15-16+19(in Chinese)
White TJ,Bruns T,Lee SJ,Taylor JW,1990.Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics.PCR protocols:a guide to methods and applications,18(1):315-322
Wu F,2016.Taxonomy and phylogeny of Auricularia(Auriculariales,Basidiomycota).PhD Dissertation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing.1-96(in Chinese)
Wu F,Dai YC,2015.Notes on the nomenclature of the Auricularia auricula-judae complex.Mycosystema,34(4):604-611(in Chinese)
Wu F,Yuan Y,Liu HG,Dai YC,2014.Auricularia(Auriculariales,Basidiomycota):a review of recent research progress.Mycosystema,33(2):198-207(in Chinese)
Wu XL,Bau T,Mao XL,2013.Medicinal fungi of China.Science Press,Beijing.1-930(in Chinese)
Yan JQ,Bau T,2017.New and newly recorded species of Psathyrella(Psathyrellaceae,Agaricales)from northeast China.Phytotaxa,321(1):137-139
Zhang XY,2018.Biological characteristics and cultivation of fruit body of wild edible mushroom Auricularia villosula.Kyushu University Institutional Repository,63(1):5-14
Zhao S,Rong C,Liu Y,Xu F,Wang S,Duan C,Chen J,Wu X,2015.Extraction of a soluble polysaccharide from Auricularia polytricha and evaluation of its anti-hypercholesterolemic effect in rats.Carbohydrate Polymers,122:39-45
Zhao S,Rong CB,Zhang SM,Liu Y,Chen J,2017.Protective effects of polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula on ethanol-induced liver injury.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,45(12):142-144(in Chinese)
陈影,姚方杰,刘桂娟,王海英,梁艳,2010.黑木耳代用料栽培的注意事项和建议.中国食用菌,29(2):55-58
戴玉成,图力古尔,2007.中国东北野生食药用真菌图志.北京:科学出版社.1-231
戴玉成,周丽伟,杨祝良,文华安,图力古尔,李泰辉,2010.中国食用菌名录.菌物学报,29(1):1-21
甘霓,许海林,吴小勇,尹辉,黄延盛,宁初光,2018.黑木耳多糖AAP-10对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用.食品科学,39(19):196-200
李时珍,2004.明代本草纲目菜部.北京:人民卫生出版社.1708-1712
罗敬文,司风玲,顾子玄,王琳玲,孟秀秀,2018.3种木耳多糖的抗氧化活性与抑菌能力比较分析.食品科学,39(19):71-76
图力古尔,李玉,2012.中国名蘑100.菌物研究,10(3):154-157
王敬,2013.毛木耳的形态发育及野生菌株驯化研究.吉林农业大学硕士论文,长春.1-47
王敬,姚方杰,王小娥,方明,陈影,2014.木耳属4个野生菌株的培养特性研究.中国食用菌,33(2):15-16+19
吴芳,2016.木耳属的分类与系统发育研究.北京林业大学博士论文,北京.1-96
吴芳,戴玉成,2015.黑木耳复合群中种类学名说明.菌物学报,34:604-611
吴芳,员瑗,刘鸿高,戴玉成,2014.木耳属研究进展.菌物学报,33:198-207
吴兴亮,图力古尔,卯晓岚,2013.中国药用真菌.北京:科学出版社.1-930
赵爽,荣成博,张淑曼,刘宇,陈杰,2017.毛木耳多糖对乙醇性肝损伤的保护作用.江苏农业科学,45(12):142-144