V2X关键技术应用与发展综述
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摘要
V2X(Vehicle-to-Everything)通信技术是智能交通和智能汽车的支撑技术之一,但目前仍然面临技术路线不明确、政策发展滞后等问题,尚未得到有效推广。系统阐述了V2X技术的内涵和重要作用,重点解析了专用短程通信(Dedicated Short Range Communication,DSRC)和基于蜂窝网络的车辆对外通信(Cellular-V2X,C-V2X)两类V2X主要技术路线的特点和当前问题,总结了国内外相关政策法规、技术标准和产业化活动的最新进展,在此基础上分析了未来V2X技术发展的关键趋势,从而为国家制定V2X相关政策法规、企业明确技术战略方向提供参考。
Vehicle-to-everything(V2X) communication technology is one of the enablers for intelligent transportation and intelligent vehicles. However,considering the problems such as unspecific technology paths and policy-making lags,it has not been deployed effectively.To clear up the existing confusion,this paper clarifies benefits and significance of V2 X applications,and focuses on illustrating the characteristics and current problems of two major V2 X technology solutions,dedicated short range communication(DSRC)and cellular-V2X(C-V2X).Based on a summary of the latest progress in relevant policies,laws,standards and industrialization,the future trend of V2 X is analyzed to provide reference for Chinese government to formulate related policies and regulations,as well as for enterprises to define their strategic direction.
Vehicle-to-everything(V2X) communication technology is one of the enablers for intelligent transportation and intelligent vehicles. However,considering the problems such as unspecific technology paths and policy-making lags,it has not been deployed effectively.To clear up the existing confusion,this paper clarifies benefits and significance of V2 X applications,and focuses on illustrating the characteristics and current problems of two major V2 X technology solutions,dedicated short range communication(DSRC)and cellular-V2X(C-V2X).Based on a summary of the latest progress in relevant policies,laws,standards and industrialization,the future trend of V2 X is analyzed to provide reference for Chinese government to formulate related policies and regulations,as well as for enterprises to define their strategic direction.
引文
[1]赵福全,刘宗巍.中国发展智能汽车的战略价值与优劣势分析[J].现代经济探讨,2016(4):49-53.
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[5] CHOI J,VA V,GONZALEZ-PRELCIC N,et al.Millimeter-wave vehicular communication to support massive automotive sensing[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine,2016,54(12):160-167.
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[7]常促宇,向勇,史美林.车载自组网的现状与发展[J].通信学报,2007(11):116-126.
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[9] TOOR Y,MUHLETHALER P,LAOUITI A. Vehicle ad hoc networks:applications and related technical issues[J].IEEE Communications Surveys&Tutorials,2008,10(3):74-88.
[10] AL-SULTAN S,AL-DOORI MM,AL-BAYATTI A H,et al. A comprehensive survey on vehicular ad hoc network[J].Journal of Network and Computer Applications,2014,37(1):380-392.
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[14] KENNEY J B. Dedicated short-range communications(DSRC)standards in the United States[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2011,99(7):1162-1182.
[15] Electronic Communications Committee.The European table of frequency allocations and applications in the frequency range 8.3 k Hz to 3000 GHz(ECA table)[C]//Proceedings of the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations. Copenhagen:Electronic Communications Committee,2013:1-6.
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[18] LOU P,GONG M,LEI X,et al.Study on a method to improve the efficiency of vehicular networks[C]//Proceedings of 2017 IEEE 9th International Conference on Communication Software and Networks(ICCSN). Guangzhou:IEEE,2017:584-588.
[19] ARSLAN S,SARITAS M. The effects of OFDM design parameters on the V2X communication performance:a survey[J].Vehicular Communications,2017(7):1-6.
[20] KOUSARIDAS A,MEDINA D,AYAZ S,et al. Recent advances in 3GPP networks for vehicular communications[C]//Proceedings of 2017 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking(CSCN).Helsinki:IEEE,2017:91-97.
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[22] CHEN S,HU J,SHI Y,et al.LTE-V:a TD-LTE-based V2X solution for future vehicular network[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal,2016,3(6):997-1005.
[23] NGUYEN T V,SHAILESH P,SUDHIR B,et al.A comparison of cellular vehicle-to-everything and dedicated short range communication[C]//Proceedings of 2017IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference(VNC). Torino:IEEE,2017:101-108.
[24] MACHARDY Z,KHAN A,OBANA K,et al.V2X access technologies:regulation,research,and remaining challenges[J]. IEEE Communications Surveys&Tutorials,2018,20(3):1858-1877.
[25] ANDREWS J G,BUZZI S,CHOI W,et al.What will 5G be?[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2014,32(6):1065-1082.
[26] Qualcomm Technologies,Inc. Leading the world to 5G[EB/OL].[2017-10-13]. https://www. qualcomm.com/documents/qualcomm-5g-vision-presentation.
[27] 5G Automotive Association.Thecase for cellular V2X for safety and cooperative driving[R/OL].(2016-11-23)[2018-06-04].http://5gaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/5GAA-whitepaper-23-Nov-2016.pdf.
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[29]李芃芃,郑娜,伉沛川,等.全球5G频谱研究概述及启迪[J].电讯技术,2017,57(6):734-740.
[30] LUKUC M.Lightvehicle driver acceptance clinics preliminary results[R]. Washington DC:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,2012.
[31] U.S.Department of Transportation.Connected vehicle pilot deployment program[EB/OL].[2017-10-13]. https://www.its.dot.gov/factsheets/pdf/JPO_CVPilot.pdf.
[32] National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Federal motor vehicle safety standards; V2V communications[EB/OL].(2016-12-13)[2017-10-13]. https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot. gov/files/documents/v2v_nprm_web_version.pdf.
[33] Qualcomm Technologies,Inc.Consortium of leading automotive and telecom companies host 3GPP Release 14cellular-V2X technology field trial in Germany[EB/OL].(2017-01-03)[2018-06-04]. https://www.qualcomm. com/news/releases/2017/01/03/consortium-leading-automotive-and-telecom-companies-host-3gpp-release-14.
[34] ORANGE S A.Towards 5G initiative welcomes Qualcomm,shows fast results[EB/OL].(2017-02-27)[2018-06-04].https://www.orange.com/en/Press-Room/press-releases/press-releases-2017/Towards-5G-Initiative-WelcomesQualcomm-Shows-Fast-Results.
[35] HongKong ASTRI.ASTRI,HKT,Huawei and Qualcomm technologies work together to build a smart mobility system for Hong Kong using cellular-V2X technologies[EB/OL].(2017-03-15)[2018-06-04]. https://www. astri. org/news-detail/astri-hkt-huawei-andqualcomm-technologies-work-together-to-build-asmart-mobility-system-for-hong-kong-using-cellularv2x-technologies/.
[36] LG Electronics,Inc.LG and Qualcomm to jointly research and develop next-gen connectivty solutions for cars[EB/OL].(2017-10-19)[2018-06-04]. http://www. lg.com/sg/press-release/www. lg. com-1-for-immediaterelease-lg-and-qualcomm-to-jointly-research-anddevelop-next-gen-connectivty-solutions-for-cars.
[37] Federal Communications Commission. The commission seeks to update and refresh the record in the “unlicensed national information infrastructure(U-NII)devices in the 5GHz band”proceeding[EB/OL].(2016-06-01)[2017-10-13]. https://apps. fcc. gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-16-68A1.pdf.
[38] The Association of Global Automakers,Inc.Petition for partial reconsideration in the matter of ET docket No.13-49[R/OL].(2014-05-01)[2018-06-04]. https://www.globalautomakers. org/Old Site Content Assets/agency-comments/Global-Automakers-Submits-Petition-for-PartialReconsideration-to-FCC-assets/Global-Automakers-Petition-for-Partial-Reconsideration-FCC-pdf.
[39] 5G Automotive Association.Comments of the 5G automotive association in the matter of ET Docket No.NHTSA-2016-0126[R/OL].(2017-04-12)[2018-06-04].http://5gaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/5GAA_V2V_Comments_-_FINAL_4-12-2017.pdf.
[40]何培舟.ETC存在的问题及解决方案浅析[J].中国交通信息化,2016(7):87-89.
[41]刘宗巍,匡旭,赵福全.中国车联网产业发展现状、瓶颈及应对策略[J].科技管理研究,2016,36(4):121-127.
[2] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project.Service requirements for V2X services:3GPP TS 22.185[S/OL].[2018-06-04].https://portal. 3gpp. org/desktopmodules/Specifications/Specification Details.aspx? specification Id=2989.
[3] National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. NHTSA issues advance notice of proposed rule making and research report on ground-breaking crash avoidance technology:“vehicle-to-vehicle communications:readiness of V2V technology for application”[EB/OL].(2014-10-14)[2017-10-13]. https://www. safercar. gov/staticfiles/safercar/v2v/V2V_Fact_Sheet_101414_v2a.pdf.
[4] VREESWIJK J,WILMINK I,GILKA P,et al.eCoMove:integration of results and conclusions[C]//Proceedings of 10th ITS European Congress.Helsinki:ERTICO,2014:1-5.
[5] CHOI J,VA V,GONZALEZ-PRELCIC N,et al.Millimeter-wave vehicular communication to support massive automotive sensing[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine,2016,54(12):160-167.
[6] YOUSEFI S,MOUSAVI M S,FATHY M.Vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs):challenges and perspectives[C]//Proceedings of 6th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications Proceedings. Chengdu:IEEE,2006:761-766.
[7]常促宇,向勇,史美林.车载自组网的现状与发展[J].通信学报,2007(11):116-126.
[8] HARTENSTEIN H,LABERTEAUX L P.A tutorial survey on vehicular ad hoc networks[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine,2008,46(6):164-171.
[9] TOOR Y,MUHLETHALER P,LAOUITI A. Vehicle ad hoc networks:applications and related technical issues[J].IEEE Communications Surveys&Tutorials,2008,10(3):74-88.
[10] AL-SULTAN S,AL-DOORI MM,AL-BAYATTI A H,et al. A comprehensive survey on vehicular ad hoc network[J].Journal of Network and Computer Applications,2014,37(1):380-392.
[11] LI Y J. An overview of the DSRC/WAVE technology[C]//Proceedings of 2010 International Conference on Heterogeneous Networking for Quality,Reliability,Security and Robustness.Berlin:Springer,2010:544-558.
[12] U.S. Department of Transportation.DSRC:the future of safer driving[EB/OL].[2017-10-13]. https://www.its.dot.gov/factsheets/pdf/JPO-034_DSRC.pdf.
[13] MANVI S S,TANGADE S. A survey on authentication schemes in VANETs for secured communication[J].Vehicular Communications,2017(9):19-30.
[14] KENNEY J B. Dedicated short-range communications(DSRC)standards in the United States[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2011,99(7):1162-1182.
[15] Electronic Communications Committee.The European table of frequency allocations and applications in the frequency range 8.3 k Hz to 3000 GHz(ECA table)[C]//Proceedings of the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations. Copenhagen:Electronic Communications Committee,2013:1-6.
[16] Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Frequency allocation table[EB/OL].[2018-06-04]. http://www. tele. soumu. go. jp/e/adm/freq/search/share/plan.htm.
[17] ABBOUD K,OMAR H A,ZHUANG W.Interworking of DSRC and cellular network technologies for V2X communications:a survey[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2016,65(12):9457-9470.
[18] LOU P,GONG M,LEI X,et al.Study on a method to improve the efficiency of vehicular networks[C]//Proceedings of 2017 IEEE 9th International Conference on Communication Software and Networks(ICCSN). Guangzhou:IEEE,2017:584-588.
[19] ARSLAN S,SARITAS M. The effects of OFDM design parameters on the V2X communication performance:a survey[J].Vehicular Communications,2017(7):1-6.
[20] KOUSARIDAS A,MEDINA D,AYAZ S,et al. Recent advances in 3GPP networks for vehicular communications[C]//Proceedings of 2017 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking(CSCN).Helsinki:IEEE,2017:91-97.
[21]中国信息通信研究院.车联网白皮书[R/OL].(2017-09-28)[2017-10-13]. http://www. caict. ac. cn/kxyj/qwfb/bps/201804/P020170928592209280350.pdf.
[22] CHEN S,HU J,SHI Y,et al.LTE-V:a TD-LTE-based V2X solution for future vehicular network[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal,2016,3(6):997-1005.
[23] NGUYEN T V,SHAILESH P,SUDHIR B,et al.A comparison of cellular vehicle-to-everything and dedicated short range communication[C]//Proceedings of 2017IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference(VNC). Torino:IEEE,2017:101-108.
[24] MACHARDY Z,KHAN A,OBANA K,et al.V2X access technologies:regulation,research,and remaining challenges[J]. IEEE Communications Surveys&Tutorials,2018,20(3):1858-1877.
[25] ANDREWS J G,BUZZI S,CHOI W,et al.What will 5G be?[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2014,32(6):1065-1082.
[26] Qualcomm Technologies,Inc. Leading the world to 5G[EB/OL].[2017-10-13]. https://www. qualcomm.com/documents/qualcomm-5g-vision-presentation.
[27] 5G Automotive Association.Thecase for cellular V2X for safety and cooperative driving[R/OL].(2016-11-23)[2018-06-04].http://5gaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/5GAA-whitepaper-23-Nov-2016.pdf.
[28] 5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership.5G automotive vision[R/OL].(2015-10-20)[2018-06-04].https://5gppp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/5G-PPP-WhitePaper-on-Automotive-Vertical-Sectors.pdf.
[29]李芃芃,郑娜,伉沛川,等.全球5G频谱研究概述及启迪[J].电讯技术,2017,57(6):734-740.
[30] LUKUC M.Lightvehicle driver acceptance clinics preliminary results[R]. Washington DC:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,2012.
[31] U.S.Department of Transportation.Connected vehicle pilot deployment program[EB/OL].[2017-10-13]. https://www.its.dot.gov/factsheets/pdf/JPO_CVPilot.pdf.
[32] National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Federal motor vehicle safety standards; V2V communications[EB/OL].(2016-12-13)[2017-10-13]. https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot. gov/files/documents/v2v_nprm_web_version.pdf.
[33] Qualcomm Technologies,Inc.Consortium of leading automotive and telecom companies host 3GPP Release 14cellular-V2X technology field trial in Germany[EB/OL].(2017-01-03)[2018-06-04]. https://www.qualcomm. com/news/releases/2017/01/03/consortium-leading-automotive-and-telecom-companies-host-3gpp-release-14.
[34] ORANGE S A.Towards 5G initiative welcomes Qualcomm,shows fast results[EB/OL].(2017-02-27)[2018-06-04].https://www.orange.com/en/Press-Room/press-releases/press-releases-2017/Towards-5G-Initiative-WelcomesQualcomm-Shows-Fast-Results.
[35] HongKong ASTRI.ASTRI,HKT,Huawei and Qualcomm technologies work together to build a smart mobility system for Hong Kong using cellular-V2X technologies[EB/OL].(2017-03-15)[2018-06-04]. https://www. astri. org/news-detail/astri-hkt-huawei-andqualcomm-technologies-work-together-to-build-asmart-mobility-system-for-hong-kong-using-cellularv2x-technologies/.
[36] LG Electronics,Inc.LG and Qualcomm to jointly research and develop next-gen connectivty solutions for cars[EB/OL].(2017-10-19)[2018-06-04]. http://www. lg.com/sg/press-release/www. lg. com-1-for-immediaterelease-lg-and-qualcomm-to-jointly-research-anddevelop-next-gen-connectivty-solutions-for-cars.
[37] Federal Communications Commission. The commission seeks to update and refresh the record in the “unlicensed national information infrastructure(U-NII)devices in the 5GHz band”proceeding[EB/OL].(2016-06-01)[2017-10-13]. https://apps. fcc. gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-16-68A1.pdf.
[38] The Association of Global Automakers,Inc.Petition for partial reconsideration in the matter of ET docket No.13-49[R/OL].(2014-05-01)[2018-06-04]. https://www.globalautomakers. org/Old Site Content Assets/agency-comments/Global-Automakers-Submits-Petition-for-PartialReconsideration-to-FCC-assets/Global-Automakers-Petition-for-Partial-Reconsideration-FCC-pdf.
[39] 5G Automotive Association.Comments of the 5G automotive association in the matter of ET Docket No.NHTSA-2016-0126[R/OL].(2017-04-12)[2018-06-04].http://5gaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/5GAA_V2V_Comments_-_FINAL_4-12-2017.pdf.
[40]何培舟.ETC存在的问题及解决方案浅析[J].中国交通信息化,2016(7):87-89.
[41]刘宗巍,匡旭,赵福全.中国车联网产业发展现状、瓶颈及应对策略[J].科技管理研究,2016,36(4):121-127.