农村和贫困地区专项招生计划学生发展研究——基于全国8所重点高校的调查
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摘要
为研究我国农村和贫困地区专项招生计划的学生在大学期间的发展,在全国8所重点高校开展了"农村和贫困地区专项招生计划学生成长与发展调查",并从大学经济生活、学业表现、综合表现、心理健康与就学满意度,探讨农村和贫困地区专项招生计划学生的发展。研究发现,专项计划学生具有明显的寒门背景,大学经济生活拮据,在大学学业方面存在困难与问题,但综合表现良好,且心理健康处于正常水平。同时,国家专项计划学生的家庭背景显著优于高校专项计划学生,但两类学生大学发展情况的差异并不显著。研究建议,高校应根据专项计划学生的特点与问题,加强针对性支持与培养,更好地帮助他们成长与发展。
To study the development of college students recruited under the special admission policies for rural and poor areas.Our research team has conducted an investigation about them in eight elite universities.We focus on their economic status,academic and comprehensive performance,mental health and studying satisfaction to discuss their college development.We find that most of students come from poor families,and their economic status is impoverished.They might encounter difficulties in academic performance. However,they perform well in comprehensive activities,and their mental health is at a normal level.Meanwhile,the family backgrounds o students from National Special Admission Policy are much better than those from Key University Specia Admission Policy,but the differences between students’college development in two policies are insignificant.We conclude that universities need to strengthen targeted support and education for those students according to their characteristics and difficulties,so as to help them grow and develop well.
To study the development of college students recruited under the special admission policies for rural and poor areas.Our research team has conducted an investigation about them in eight elite universities.We focus on their economic status,academic and comprehensive performance,mental health and studying satisfaction to discuss their college development.We find that most of students come from poor families,and their economic status is impoverished.They might encounter difficulties in academic performance. However,they perform well in comprehensive activities,and their mental health is at a normal level.Meanwhile,the family backgrounds o students from National Special Admission Policy are much better than those from Key University Specia Admission Policy,but the differences between students’college development in two policies are insignificant.We conclude that universities need to strengthen targeted support and education for those students according to their characteristics and difficulties,so as to help them grow and develop well.
引文
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[17]牛新春.招生倾斜政策下重点大学农村学生的学业准备和初期学业表现——基于X大学的实证案例研究[J].复旦教育论坛,2017(4).
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[23]文雯,连志鑫,杨帆.招生倾斜政策下的弱势学生群体:入学机会和教育公平——基于某重点大学入学数据的实证研究[J].清华大学教育研究,2018(2).
[24]ROSENBERG M.Self-esteem and the adolescent.(Economics and the social sciences:society and the adolescent self-Image)[J].New England Quarterly,1965,148(2):177-196.
[25]李路路.中国大学生成长报告:2012[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2013:135-141.
[2]LUCAS S R.Effectively maintained inequality:education transitions,track mobility,and social background effects[J].American Journal of Sociology,2001,106(6):1642-1690.
[3]李春玲.“80后”的教育经历与机会不平等——兼评《无声的革命》[J].中国社会科学,2014(4).
[4]王伟宜,吴雪.高等教育入学机会获得的城乡差异分析——基于1982-2010年我国16所高校的实证调查[J].复旦教育论坛,2014(6).
[5]杨江华.我国高等教育入学机会的区域差异及其变迁[J].高等教育研究,2014(12).
[6]孟凡强,初帅,李庆海.高等教育规模扩张是否缓解了城乡教育机会不平等?[J].教育与经济,2017(4).
[7]丁小浩,梁彦.中国高等教育入学机会均等化程度的变化[J].高等教育研究,2010(2).
[8]王伟宜.高等教育入学机会变迁研究[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2015:125-146.
[9]余秀兰,韩燕.寒门如何出“贵子”——基于文化资本视角的阶层突破[J].高等教育研究,2018(2).
[10]周勇.寒门学子的教育奋斗与社会上升——历史社会学视角[J].南京师大学报(社会科学版),2017(4).
[11]谭敏,王伟宜.博弈与权衡:代价论视角下高考招生改革的教育机会均等[J].中国高教研究,2017(4).
[12]教育部.教育部关于做好2017年重点高校招收农村和贫困地区学生工作的通知[EB/OL].(2017-04-06)[2018-10-11].http://www.moe.edu.cn/srcsite/A15/moe_776/s3258/201704/t20170414_302572.html.
[13]余秀兰.教育还能促进底层的升迁性社会流动吗[J].高等教育研究,2014(7).
[14]杨三喜.高招“扶贫”扶上马还要送一程[N].中国教育报,2017-04-20.
[15]吴秋翔,崔盛.农村学生重点大学入学机会的区域差异——基于高校专项计划数据的实证分析[J].中国高教研究,2018(4).
[16]王小虎,潘昆峰,吴秋翔.高水平大学农村和贫困地区专项计划学生的学业表现研究——以A大学为例[J].国家教育行政学院学报,2017(5).
[17]牛新春.招生倾斜政策下重点大学农村学生的学业准备和初期学业表现——基于X大学的实证案例研究[J].复旦教育论坛,2017(4).
[18]熊静,杨颉.招生政策倾斜背景下农村、贫困专项计划大学生学业适应研究——基于某“双一流”建设高校的实证调查[J].中国高教研究,2018(7).
[19]PASCARELLA E,TERENZINI P.How college affects students[M].San Francisco:Jossey-Bass Publishers,1991:27-43.
[20]SYLVIA HURTADO.Sociology of higher education:contributions and their contexts[M].Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2007:1-18.
[21]KUH G D,KINZIE J,BUCKLEY J A,et al.What matters to student success:a review of the literature[R].Washington,D.C.:The National Postsecondary Education Cooperative,2006.
[22]RIVKIN S G,HANUSHEK E A,KAIN J F.Teachers,schools,and academic achievement[J].Econometrica,Econometric Society,2005,73(2):417-458.
[23]文雯,连志鑫,杨帆.招生倾斜政策下的弱势学生群体:入学机会和教育公平——基于某重点大学入学数据的实证研究[J].清华大学教育研究,2018(2).
[24]ROSENBERG M.Self-esteem and the adolescent.(Economics and the social sciences:society and the adolescent self-Image)[J].New England Quarterly,1965,148(2):177-196.
[25]李路路.中国大学生成长报告:2012[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2013:135-141.