创业网络关系嵌入与新创企业成长——创业学习的中介作用
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摘要
社会网络关系为创业者习得储备知识和创业经验提供了大量资料来源,对新创企业的发展有着直接或间接影响,而知识获取来源、方式的各异也对企业成长绩效存在一定影响。沿袭社会网络中的逻辑思路,从向谁学、怎么学、学习结果如何层层递进关系中构建创业网络关系强度和信任、创业学习与新企业成长的关系模型,并分别就创业认知学习、创业经验学习和创业实践学习的中介效应作出探讨。收集656份新创企业问卷数据,对理论假设采用结构方程模型进行实证检验,结果表明:(1)创业网络关系强度正向影响新创企业绩效;(2)网络关系强度和网络信任影响创业者对获取知识不同途径的选择;(3)创业认知学习、经验学习、实践学习在创业网络关系嵌入与创业成长的关系中发挥部分中介作用,尤其创业经验对新创企业成长绩效有显著影响。
Social network relationship provides a large number of data sources for entrepreneurs to acquire stored knowledge and entrepreneurial experience, which has a direct or indirect impact on the development of start-up enterprises, and the different sources and ways of knowledge acquisition also have a certain impact on the growth performance of enterprises. This paper follows the logical thinking of social network, from whom to learn, how to build the relationship intensity and trust of entrepreneurial network, and the relationship model between entrepreneurial learning and the growth of new enterprise, and how to build the relationship between entrepreneurial network and the growth of new enterprises, discusses the intermediary effects of entrepreneurial cognitive learning, entrepreneurial experience learning and entrepreneurial practical learning respectively. The paper collects 656 questionnaire data of new start-up enterprises, and empirically tests the theoretical assumptions by using structural equation model, the results show that:(1) The strength of the relationship between the entrepreneurial networks is positively affecting the performance of the new enterprise.(2) The intensity of network relationship and network trust affect the choice of different ways for entrepreneurs to acquire knowledge.(3) Entrepreneurial cognitive learning, empirical learning and practical learning play a part of intermediary role in the relationship between entrepreneurial network relationship embedding and entrepreneurial growth, especially entrepreneurial experience has a significant impact on the growth performance of new enterprises.
Social network relationship provides a large number of data sources for entrepreneurs to acquire stored knowledge and entrepreneurial experience, which has a direct or indirect impact on the development of start-up enterprises, and the different sources and ways of knowledge acquisition also have a certain impact on the growth performance of enterprises. This paper follows the logical thinking of social network, from whom to learn, how to build the relationship intensity and trust of entrepreneurial network, and the relationship model between entrepreneurial learning and the growth of new enterprise, and how to build the relationship between entrepreneurial network and the growth of new enterprises, discusses the intermediary effects of entrepreneurial cognitive learning, entrepreneurial experience learning and entrepreneurial practical learning respectively. The paper collects 656 questionnaire data of new start-up enterprises, and empirically tests the theoretical assumptions by using structural equation model, the results show that:(1) The strength of the relationship between the entrepreneurial networks is positively affecting the performance of the new enterprise.(2) The intensity of network relationship and network trust affect the choice of different ways for entrepreneurs to acquire knowledge.(3) Entrepreneurial cognitive learning, empirical learning and practical learning play a part of intermediary role in the relationship between entrepreneurial network relationship embedding and entrepreneurial growth, especially entrepreneurial experience has a significant impact on the growth performance of new enterprises.
引文
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[23]CHANDLER G N,LYON D W.Involvement in knowledgeacquisition activities by venture team members and venture performance[J].Entrepreneurship Theory&Practice,2009,33(3):571-592.
[24]蔡莉,汤淑琴,马艳丽,等.创业学习、创业能力与新企业绩效的关系研究[J].科学学研究,2014,32(8):1189-1197.
[25]HOLCOMB T R,IRELAND R D,HOLMES R M,et al.Architecture of entrepreneurial learning:exploring the link among heuristics,knowledge,and action[J].Entrepreneurship Theory&Practice,2009,33(1):167-192.
[26]龙静.创业关系网络与新创企业绩效:基于创业发展阶段的分析[J].经济管理,2016,38(5):40-50.
[27]张钢,任燕.关系嵌入对创业导向的影响研究:基于组织学习的视角[J].科技进步与对策,2011,28(19):80-84.
[28]DOWN S.Owner-manager learning in small firms[J].Journal of Small Business&Enterprise Development,1999,6(3):267-280.
[29]DAVIDSSON P,HONIG B.The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2003,18(3):301-331.
[30]王泽华,卿勇,李荣.川东北地区高职院校工学结合人才培养模式改革实践探索[J].兰州教育学院学报,2015,31(3):99-101.
[31]马晓燕,贾志永.战略网络对企业绩效的影响研究[J].统计与决策,2008(9):2.
[32]邵亚虹.军民融合技术创新网络负效应实证研究[D].西安:西安工业大学,2016.
[33]何艳文.大学生社会网络对创业能力的影响研究[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.
[34]LUMPKIN G T,LICHTENSTEIN B B.The role of organizational learning in the opportunity-recognition process[J].Entrepreneurship Theory&Practice,2010,29(4):451-472.
[35]COPE J.Entrepreneurial learning from failure:an interpretative phenomenological analysis[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2011,26(6):604-623.
[36]BROWN T E,DAVIDSSON P,WIKLUND J.An operationalization of Stevenson's conceptualization of entrepreneurship as opportunitybased firm behavior[J].Strategic Management Journal,2010,22(10):953-968.
[37]WIKLUND J,SHEPHERD D.Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance:a configurationally approach[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2005,20(1):71-79.
[2]康健,胡祖光.创新链内多重网络、创业能力与创业绩效关系研究[J].科技管理研究,2017,37(2):7-16.
[3]MITCHELMORE S,ROWLEY J.Entrepreneurial competencies of women entrepreneurs pursuing business growth[J].Journal of Small Business&Enterprise Development,2013,20(1):125-142.
[4]林嵩,许健.嵌入性与初创企业创新倾向:一个实证研究[J].科技进步与对策,2018(1):102-108.
[5]张玉利,王晓文.先前经验、学习风格与创业能力的实证研究[J].管理科学,2011,24(3):1-12.
[6]POLITISD.The process of entrepreneurial learning:aconceptual framework[J].Entrepreneurship Theory&Practice,2005,29(4):399-424.
[7]KEMPSTER S,COPE J.Learning to lead in the entrepreneurial context[J].International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior&Research,2010,16(1):5-34.
[8]谢雅萍,黄美娇.创业学习、创业能力与创业绩效:社会网络研究视角[J].经济经纬,2016,33(1):101-106.
[9]POLANYI K.The great transformation[M].New York:Farrar&Rinehart,1944.
[10]GRANOVETTER M.Economic action and social structure:the problem of embeddedness[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,1985,91(3):481-510.
[11]MCEVILY B,MARCUS A.Embedded ties and the acquisition of competitive capabilities[J].Strategic Management Journal,2005,26(11):1033-1055.
[12]冯增田,郝斌.模块化对产品创新影响的实证研究:组织学习和关系网络的调节效应[J].技术经济,2014,33(2):1-8.
[13]李志远,王雪方.组织学习与客户知识管理能力的关系研究:关系嵌入的调节[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2015,36(3):152-162.
[14]单标安,蔡莉,陈彪,等.中国情境下创业网络对创业学习的影响研究[J].科学学研究,2015,33(6):899-906,914.
[15]EASTON R A.Strategic planning in a decentralised industrial group:a process-action study[R].Birmingham:Aston University,1974.
[16]JIAN ZH Q,WANG CH.The Impacts of network competence,knowledge sharing on service innovation performance:moderating role of relationship quality[C].Berlin:Springer,2013:569-576.
[17]任胜钢,吴娟,王龙伟.网络嵌入与企业创新绩效研究:网络能力的调节效应检验[J].研究与发展管理,2011,23(3):16-24.
[18]陈学光.企业网络能力:网络能力、创新网络及创新绩效关系研究[M]北京:经济管理出版社2008.
[19]戴维奇,魏江,余纯国.过往绩效与公司风险投资:高管政治网络的调节效应[J].科研管理,2012,33(1):138-146.
[20]向永胜,魏江.集群企业内外商业、技术网络关系嵌入对创新能力的作用研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013,34(3):51-57.
[21]JONES O,MACPHERSON A.Inter organizational learning and strategic renewal in SMEs:extending the 4I framework[J].Long Range Planning,2006,39(2):155-175.
[22]BONTISN,CROSSANMM,HULLANDJ.Managing an organizational learning system by aligning stocks and flows[J].Journal of Management Studies,2002,39(4):437-469.
[23]CHANDLER G N,LYON D W.Involvement in knowledgeacquisition activities by venture team members and venture performance[J].Entrepreneurship Theory&Practice,2009,33(3):571-592.
[24]蔡莉,汤淑琴,马艳丽,等.创业学习、创业能力与新企业绩效的关系研究[J].科学学研究,2014,32(8):1189-1197.
[25]HOLCOMB T R,IRELAND R D,HOLMES R M,et al.Architecture of entrepreneurial learning:exploring the link among heuristics,knowledge,and action[J].Entrepreneurship Theory&Practice,2009,33(1):167-192.
[26]龙静.创业关系网络与新创企业绩效:基于创业发展阶段的分析[J].经济管理,2016,38(5):40-50.
[27]张钢,任燕.关系嵌入对创业导向的影响研究:基于组织学习的视角[J].科技进步与对策,2011,28(19):80-84.
[28]DOWN S.Owner-manager learning in small firms[J].Journal of Small Business&Enterprise Development,1999,6(3):267-280.
[29]DAVIDSSON P,HONIG B.The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2003,18(3):301-331.
[30]王泽华,卿勇,李荣.川东北地区高职院校工学结合人才培养模式改革实践探索[J].兰州教育学院学报,2015,31(3):99-101.
[31]马晓燕,贾志永.战略网络对企业绩效的影响研究[J].统计与决策,2008(9):2.
[32]邵亚虹.军民融合技术创新网络负效应实证研究[D].西安:西安工业大学,2016.
[33]何艳文.大学生社会网络对创业能力的影响研究[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.
[34]LUMPKIN G T,LICHTENSTEIN B B.The role of organizational learning in the opportunity-recognition process[J].Entrepreneurship Theory&Practice,2010,29(4):451-472.
[35]COPE J.Entrepreneurial learning from failure:an interpretative phenomenological analysis[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2011,26(6):604-623.
[36]BROWN T E,DAVIDSSON P,WIKLUND J.An operationalization of Stevenson's conceptualization of entrepreneurship as opportunitybased firm behavior[J].Strategic Management Journal,2010,22(10):953-968.
[37]WIKLUND J,SHEPHERD D.Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance:a configurationally approach[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2005,20(1):71-79.