我国兴奋剂争议解决机制的构建
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摘要
构建我国兴奋剂争议解决机制,不仅是世界反兴奋剂条例的基本要求,还是保障运动员程序权利和规制处罚权行使的应有之义。《世界反兴奋剂条例》对国内兴奋剂争议机制仅作出概括要求,并未明确兴奋剂争议的程序属性和机构设立方式。从各国实践来看,兴奋剂争议解决程序可以是商事仲裁程序,通过与仲裁机构合作、共建或者独建模式设立争议解决机构,也可以采用行政仲裁程序的法定争议解决机构模式。纠纷解决模式的选择,取决于兴奋剂争议的实体法律属性和程序保障标准。我国施行"接受行政管理的社团自治"的兴奋剂治理模式,该模式使得兴奋剂处罚呈现出民事、行政混合属性,蕴含着民商事或行政纠纷解决机制的双重可能性。现行法下,可以通过解释论的方法,探索实现民商事或行政解决路径。修法时,则应明确兴奋剂争议的实体属性,并当采纳代表国际最佳实践的正当程序规则。
For the purposes of performance of duty imposed by World Anti-Doping Code,safeguarding right of athletes and ensuring due process in fighting against Anti-Doping Violation,Anti-Doping Disputes Resolution Mechanism has to be established in China. It requires to adapt appropriate proceedings andchoose proper institution in accordance to the unique nature of Anti-Doping proceedings. From a comparative perspective,the proceedings could be either com-mercial or administrative one. The arbitral institution could be an already established commercial arbitration institution,or a new institution created jointly withcommercial arbitral institution,or solely by sports governing bodies themselves,or be founded by statute. Its establishment depends on the substantive nature ofAnti-Doping dispute. De lege lata,possibility on establishment of such mechanism is not excluded.De lege ferenda,a sports arbitration court would be the most appropriate forum to solve Anti-Doping disputes in China.
For the purposes of performance of duty imposed by World Anti-Doping Code,safeguarding right of athletes and ensuring due process in fighting against Anti-Doping Violation,Anti-Doping Disputes Resolution Mechanism has to be established in China. It requires to adapt appropriate proceedings andchoose proper institution in accordance to the unique nature of Anti-Doping proceedings. From a comparative perspective,the proceedings could be either com-mercial or administrative one. The arbitral institution could be an already established commercial arbitration institution,or a new institution created jointly withcommercial arbitral institution,or solely by sports governing bodies themselves,or be founded by statute. Its establishment depends on the substantive nature ofAnti-Doping dispute. De lege lata,possibility on establishment of such mechanism is not excluded.De lege ferenda,a sports arbitration court would be the most appropriate forum to solve Anti-Doping disputes in China.
引文
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[28]姜熙.体育法修改增设“体育纠纷解决”章节的研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2015,30(5):400-406.
[29]董金鑫.论我国单独的体育仲裁法的制定[J].北京体育大学学报,2016,39(3):28-33.
[30]李亮,张奇.破解竞技体育纠纷独立仲裁的法律困境及出路[J].武汉体育学院学报,2014,48(9):62-62.
[31]袁曙宏,苏西刚.论社团罚[J].法学研究,2003(5):58-70.
[2] CAS 2014/A/3842 World Anti-Doping Agency(WADA)v. Confeder?a??o Brasileira de Futebol(CBF)&Erivonaldo Florêncio De OliveiraFilho[EB/OL]. https://jurisprudence.tas-cas.org/Shared%20Documents/3842.pdf.
[3] CAS 2015/A/4024 E. v. Turkish Athletics Federation(TAF)&WorldAnti-Doping Agency(WADA)[EB/OL]. https://jurisprudence.tas-cas.org/Shared%20Documents/4024.pdf.
[4]最高人民法院关于北京朝来新生体育休闲有限公司申请承认大韩商事仲裁院作出的第12113-0011号、第12112-0012号仲裁裁决案件请示的复函,[2013]民四他字第64号[EB/OL].http://bjgy.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2015/03/id/1560588.shtml.
[5]赵毅.自治的黄昏:从我国法院裁判考察司法介入体育的边界[J].体育与科学,2015,36(5):39-46.
[6] Arbitration CAS 2002/A/385 T.&International Gymnastics Federation(FIG)[EB/OL]. https://jurisprudence.tas-cas.org/Shared%20Docu?ments/385.pdf.
[7] MITTEN M J. Sports Law in United States[M]. 2nd Edition. Alphen aanden Rijn:Kluwer Law International,2014:175.
[8] WESTON M A.The Regulation of Doping in U.S. And InternationalSports in:The Oxford Handbook of American Sports Law[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2018:83.
[9] ADOLPHSEN J,NOLTE M,GERLINGER M,et al. Sportrecht in derPraxis[M].Stuttgart:Kohlhammer,2012:341.
[10] YOKOMIZO D.Sports Arbitration in Japan[J].Contemporary Asian Arbi?tration Journal,2014,7(2):341-355.
[11] BLACKSHAW I.Settling Sports Disputes by ADR:Some Major SportsDispute Resolution Bodies Modelled on the Court of Arbitration forSport[J].Dispute Resolution International,2009,3(2):169-184.
[12]PartCRule1.2CanadianAnti-DopingProgram[EB/OL].https://cces.ca/sites/default/files/content/docs/pdf/cces-policy-cadp-2015-v2-e.pdf.
[13] Cricket Canada v Bilal Syed,2017 ONSC 3301(CanLII)[EB/OL].https://www.canlii.org/en/on/onsc/doc/2018/2018onsc5637/2018on?sc5637.html.
[14] JUAN DE DIOS CRESPO PEREZ. Sports Law in Spain[M].Alphen aanden Rijn:Kluwer Law International,2015:97.
[15] COLUCCI M.Sports Law in Italy[M].Alphen aan den Rijn:Kluwer LawInternational,2010:101.
[16] SANTOS R B,MESTRE A M,DE MAGALH?ES F R.Sports Law inPortugal[M].2nd Edition. Alphen aan den Rijn:Kluwer Law Interna?tional,2016.
[17] DA SILVA A F,MIRANTE D. The Portuguese Court of Arbitration forSport:A Hybrid[J]. SchiedsVZ,2018,16(1):14-19.
[18]高薇.论司法对国际体育仲裁的干预[J].环球法律评论,2017(6):177-182.
[19] Arbitration CAS 2001/A/317 A.&Fédération Internationale de LuttesAssociées(FILA)[EB/OL]. https://jurisprudence.tas-cas.org/Shared%20Documents/317.pdf.
[20]《体育运动中兴奋剂管制通则》[EB/OL]. http://images.sport.org.cn/File/2018/08/07/1507548118.pdf.
[21]宋彬龄.中国运动员国际体育仲裁胜诉第一案评述:兴奋剂处罚的程序正义问题[J].天津体育学院学报,2011,26(2):109-113.
[22]中华人民共和国仲裁法》[EB/OL]. http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/xinwen/2017-09/12/content_2028692.htm.
[23]于善旭,张剑,陈岩,等.建立我国体育仲裁制度的研究[J].体育科学,2005,25(2):4-11.
[24]于善旭.建立我国体育仲裁制度若干基础性难点问题辨析[J].北京体育大学学报,2006,29(11):1446-1449.
[25] 2016年《中华人民共和国体育法》作出修改[EB/OL].http://www.sport.gov.cn/n10503/c774845/content.html.
[26]《中华人民共和国民法总则》[EB/OL]. http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/xin?wen/2017-03/15/content_2018907.htm.
[27]张振龙,郭锐.我国建立民间性体育仲裁的制度困境[J].天津体育学院学报,2010,25(2):104-107.
[28]姜熙.体育法修改增设“体育纠纷解决”章节的研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2015,30(5):400-406.
[29]董金鑫.论我国单独的体育仲裁法的制定[J].北京体育大学学报,2016,39(3):28-33.
[30]李亮,张奇.破解竞技体育纠纷独立仲裁的法律困境及出路[J].武汉体育学院学报,2014,48(9):62-62.
[31]袁曙宏,苏西刚.论社团罚[J].法学研究,2003(5):58-70.