中、美食品安全法律法规演进之路
|
摘要
食品安全问题与经济发展水平紧密相关,随着经济的发展和食品安全问题的不断演变,食品安全法律法规也必须与之相匹配。以中国和美国经济发展水平作为主线,对比不同经济发展阶段两国食品安全问题凸显的特征,梳理中、美两国食品安全法律法规发展历程,以期找出中美食品法律法规演进中的异同,并对中国未来食品法律法规将应对的主要食品安全问题进行预判。
The food safety problem faced by a country is closely related to the level of its economic development. The country's food safety laws and regulations must match its economy development and continuous evolution of food safety problem. Taking China and the United States economic development as the main line and combining the highlighted characteristics of food safety problems in different development stages of the two countries, this paper combs and compares the food safety laws and regulations in China and the United States, so as to identify the common features of the evolution of food safety laws and regulations and to forecast the main food safety issues that China laws and regulations will face in future.
The food safety problem faced by a country is closely related to the level of its economic development. The country's food safety laws and regulations must match its economy development and continuous evolution of food safety problem. Taking China and the United States economic development as the main line and combining the highlighted characteristics of food safety problems in different development stages of the two countries, this paper combs and compares the food safety laws and regulations in China and the United States, so as to identify the common features of the evolution of food safety laws and regulations and to forecast the main food safety issues that China laws and regulations will face in future.
引文
[1]麦迪森数据库[EB/OL].(2018-01-25)[2018-11-19].http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/maddison-project/data.htm.
[2]Sinclair U.The Jungle[M].Urbana and Chicago:Univesity of Illinois Press,1988:3-334.
[3]李颜伟.《屠场》与厄普顿·辛克莱的历史选择[J].天津大学学报(社会科学版),2011,13(5):471-475.Li Yanwei.The Jungle and Upton Sinclair's Historic Choice[J].Journal of Tianjin University:Social Sciences,2011,13(5):471-475.
[4]何兵,昌君.美国药品安全突发事件的预防与应对机制[J].中国政法大学学报,2008(3):42-54,159.He Bing,Chang Jun.America's emergency precautions and response mechanism of drug safety[J].Journal of CUPL,2008(3):42-54,159.
[5]王守伟,周清杰,臧明伍等.食品安全与经济发展关系研究[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.Wang Shouwei,Zhou Qingjie,Zang Mingwu.Study on the Relationship between Food Safety and Economic Development[M].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2016.
[6]金洪植,冯玉德,戴启敏.哈尔滨市1972-1978年食物中毒分析[J].哈尔滨医药,1979,3:4-8.Jin Hongzhi,Feng Yude,Dai Qimin.Analysis of food poisoning in Harbin from 1972 to 1978[J].Journal of Harbin Medical,1979,3:4-8.
[7]孙权忠.认真总结经验教训大力预防食物中毒--十九年来食物中毒的流行病学分析[J].人民军医,1974(4):18-20.Sun Quanzhong.Serious summary of experience and vigorous prevention of food poisoning:Epidemiological analysis of food poisoning in the past 19 years[J].People's Military Surgeon,1974(4):18-20.
[8]胡钟烨.新中国初期卫生防疫立法研究(1949-1965年)[D].重庆:西南政法大学,2013:8-16.Hu Zhongye.Study on the legislation of health and epidemic prevention of the early new China(1949-1965)[D].Chongqing:Southwest University of Political Science,2013:8-16.
[9]戴志澄.中国卫生防疫体系五十年回顾--纪念卫生防疫体系建立50周年[J].中国公共卫生管理,2003(5):377-380.Dai Zhicheng.Review of the 50 years of China's health and epidemic prevention system:Commemorating the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the health and epidemic prevention system[J].Chinese Journal of Public Health Management,2003(5):377-380.
[10]刘建平,叶均明,马仁杰,等.海军某部十四年(1970-1983年)来三十二起食物中毒分析[J].军队卫生杂志,1985(3):42-44.Liu Jianping,Ye Junming,Ma Renjie,et al.The analysis of32 food poisoning of the navy during fourteen years(1970-1983)[J].Journal of Military Health Magazine,1985(3):42-44.
[11]刘鹏.中国食品安全监管--基于体制变迁与绩效评估的实证研究[J].公共管理学报,2010,7(2):63-78,125,126.Liu Peng.Chinese food safety regulation:An empirical study on regime change and performance evaluation[J].Journal of Public Management,2010,7(2):63-78,125,126.
[12]陆玲宝,许明哲.美国药典的历史沿革和现状[J].中国药事,2007,21(5):360-361.Lu Lingbao,Xu Mingzhe.The history and the current status of the usp[J].Chinese Pharmaceutical Affairs,2007,21(5):360-361.
[13]Christine H.提升食品质量和安全的标准:食品化学法典[J].兽医导刊,2013(5):54-55.Christine H.Improving Food quality and safety standards:codex alimentarius[J].Veterinary Orientation,2013(5):54-55.
[14]袁松范.美国FDA的历史事件[J].上海医药情报研究,2003(2):43-48.Yuan Songfan.Historical events of the the United States FDA[J].Shanghai medical intelligence research,2003(2):43-48.
[15]康莉莹.美国食品安全监管法律制度的创新及借鉴[J].企业经济,2013(3):189-192.Kang Liying.Innovation and reference of American legal system of food safety supervision[J].Enterprise economy,2013(3):189-192.
[16]Harrison R.State andsociety in Twentieth:Century America[M].New York:Addison Wesley Longman Inc,1997:104.
[17]吴绍彬.河南省1979-1985年食物中毒分析[J].河南预防医学杂志,1987(3):44-49,38.Wu Shaobin.Analysis of food poisoning in henan province from 1979 to 1985[J].Henan Journal of Preventive Medicine,1987(3):44-49,38.
[18]钟辉,王跃进,郭智慧.河北省1979~1995年食物中毒动态分析[J].中国卫生监督杂志,1997,(4):154-156.Zhong Hui,Wang Yuejin,Guo Zhihui.Dynamic analysis of food poisoning in Hebei province from 1979 to 1995[J].Chinese journal of health inspection,1997,(4):154-156.
[19]丛黎明,蒋贤根,张法明.浙江省1979~1988年食物中毒情况分析[J].浙江预防医学与疾病监测,1990,(1):5-9.Cong Liming,Jiang Xiangen,Zhang Faming.Analysis of food poisoning in zhejiang province from 1979 to 1988[J].Zhejiang preventive medicine and disease surveillance,1990,(1):5-9.
[20]张炜达,任端平.我国食品安全监管政府职能的历史转换及其影响因素[J].中国食物与营养,2011,(3):9-11.Zhang Weida,Ren Duanping.Food safety regulatory functions conversion of government in China and its influencing factors[J].Food and Nutrition in China,2011,(3):9-11.
[21]朱承华,凌立新.落实《中华人民共和国食品卫生法》的必要性[J].职业与健康,2005,(10):1499-1500.Zhu Chenghua,Ling Lixin.The necessity of the implementation of the food hygiene law of the People's Republic of China[J].Occupational and Health,2005,(10),1499-1500.
[22]周殷华.涪陵地区1984─1991年食品卫生监测结果分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志,1994,6(1):55-56.Zhou Yanhua.Fuling district 1984─1991 food hygiene monitoring result analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene,1994,6(1):55-56.
[23]张淼,王家传,张乐柱,等.我国蔬菜食品安全问题及其对策[J].保鲜与加工,2005,(1):12-14.Zhang Miao,Wang Jiazhuan,Zhang Lezhu,et al.Problems and countermeasures of vegetable food safety in China[J].Storage and Process,2005,(1):12-14.
[24]韩永奇.重《寂静的春天》--论化学农药、绿色植保与可持续发展农业[J].农药市场信息,2007,(20):4-6.Han Yongqi.Rereading Silent Spring-On chemical pesticides,green plant protection and sustainable agriculture[J].Pesticide Market News,2007,(20):4-6.
[25]赵小军,蔡娟娟.我国食品安全委员会的构建[J].政法学刊,2009,26(4):52-56.Zhao Xiaojun,Cai Juanjuan.Construction of China's food safety commission[J].Journal of Political Science and Law,2009,26(4):52-56.
[26]张蕊,尚巾.关于我国食品安全委员会制度的几点思考[J].商业文化,2010,(4):46-47.Zhang Rui,Shang Jin.Some thoughts on China's food safety committee system[J].Business Culture,2010,(4):46-47.
[27]李震海.浅析《食品安全法》的亮点与不足[J].中国卫生监督杂志,2009,(6):546-551.Li Zhenhai.Analysis of the highlights and shortcomings of the food safety law[J].Chinese Journal of Health Inspection,2009,(6):546-551.
[28]邓青,易虹.中国食品安全监管问题刍议--借鉴美国食品安全法的制度创新[J].企业经济,2012,(1):166-168.Sinotrac Deng Qing.China's food safety regulatory problems series.the-a reference to the food safety law system innovation[J].Enterprise Economy,2012,(1):166-168.
[29]王辉.中美食品安全委员会之法律分析[J].现代商业,2011,(8):108-109.Wang Hui.Legal analysis of Chinese and American food safety committees[J].Modern Business,2011,(8):108-109.
[30]旭日干,庞国芳.中国食品安全现状、问题及对策战略研究[J].北京:科学出版社,2015.Xu Rigan,Pang Guofang.Research on the current situation,problems and countermeasures of food safety in China[J].Beijing:Science Press,2015.
[31]王克.处罚与保护并重--解读新《食品安全法》[J].食品安全导刊,2016,(9):54-55.Wang Ke.Pay equal attention to punishment and protectioninterpretation of the new"food safety"[J].China Food Safety Magazine,2016,(9):54-55.
[32]刘兆彬.新食品安全法条例:亮点与问题并存[J].中国经济周刊,2016,(3):81-82.Liu Zhaobin.Regulations on new food safety law:Coexistence of highlights and problems[J].China Economic Weekly,2016,(3):81-82.
[33]杜晓.市场环境将迎来全链条式监管体系[N].法制日报,2018-04-02(5).Du Xiao.The market environment will embrace a wholechain regulatory system[N].Legal daily,2018-04-02(5).
[34]张伋,张兵,张继国,等.美国营养法规和政策综述[J].中国健康教育,2011,27(12):921-923,937.Zhang Ji,Zhang Bing,Zhang Jiguo,et al.Review of nutrition strategies in America[J].Chinese Journal of Health Education,2011,27(12):921-923,937.
[35]曾红颖.美国和日本营养立法情况及对我国的启示[J].经济研究参考,2005(59):9-16.Zeng Hongying.Nutrition legislation in the United States and Japan and its enlightenment to China[J].Economic research reference,2005(59):9-16.
[36]Ogden C L,Carroll M D,Lawman H G,et al.Trends in obesity prevalence among children and adolescents in the united states,1988-1994 through 2013-2014[J].JAMA,2016,315(21):2292-2299.
[37]唐书泽,张永慧,庞国芳,等.区分食品安全与食品安保,警惕食品安全“黑天鹅”事件[J].食品科学,2012,(32)11:86-91.Tang Shuze,Zhang Yonghui,Pang Guofang,et al.Distinguish between food safety from food security to prevent the occurrence of food safety"black swan"incidents[J].Food Science,2012,(32)1:86-91.
[38]高彦生,宦萍,胡德刚等.美国FDA食品安全现代化法案解读与评析[J].检验检疫学刊,2011,21(3):71-76.Gao Yansheng,Huan Ping,Hu Degang,et al.Interpretation and review of the FDA food safety modernization act[J].Journal of Inspection and Quarantine,2011,21(3):71-76.
[39]韩永红.美国食品安全法律治理的新发展及其对我国的启示--以美国《食品安全现代化法》为视角[J].法学评论,2014,(3):92-101.Han Yonghong.New development of American legal governance of food safety and its enlightenment to China-from the perspective of American Food Safety Modernization Act[J].Law Review,2014,(3):92-101.
[2]Sinclair U.The Jungle[M].Urbana and Chicago:Univesity of Illinois Press,1988:3-334.
[3]李颜伟.《屠场》与厄普顿·辛克莱的历史选择[J].天津大学学报(社会科学版),2011,13(5):471-475.Li Yanwei.The Jungle and Upton Sinclair's Historic Choice[J].Journal of Tianjin University:Social Sciences,2011,13(5):471-475.
[4]何兵,昌君.美国药品安全突发事件的预防与应对机制[J].中国政法大学学报,2008(3):42-54,159.He Bing,Chang Jun.America's emergency precautions and response mechanism of drug safety[J].Journal of CUPL,2008(3):42-54,159.
[5]王守伟,周清杰,臧明伍等.食品安全与经济发展关系研究[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.Wang Shouwei,Zhou Qingjie,Zang Mingwu.Study on the Relationship between Food Safety and Economic Development[M].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2016.
[6]金洪植,冯玉德,戴启敏.哈尔滨市1972-1978年食物中毒分析[J].哈尔滨医药,1979,3:4-8.Jin Hongzhi,Feng Yude,Dai Qimin.Analysis of food poisoning in Harbin from 1972 to 1978[J].Journal of Harbin Medical,1979,3:4-8.
[7]孙权忠.认真总结经验教训大力预防食物中毒--十九年来食物中毒的流行病学分析[J].人民军医,1974(4):18-20.Sun Quanzhong.Serious summary of experience and vigorous prevention of food poisoning:Epidemiological analysis of food poisoning in the past 19 years[J].People's Military Surgeon,1974(4):18-20.
[8]胡钟烨.新中国初期卫生防疫立法研究(1949-1965年)[D].重庆:西南政法大学,2013:8-16.Hu Zhongye.Study on the legislation of health and epidemic prevention of the early new China(1949-1965)[D].Chongqing:Southwest University of Political Science,2013:8-16.
[9]戴志澄.中国卫生防疫体系五十年回顾--纪念卫生防疫体系建立50周年[J].中国公共卫生管理,2003(5):377-380.Dai Zhicheng.Review of the 50 years of China's health and epidemic prevention system:Commemorating the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the health and epidemic prevention system[J].Chinese Journal of Public Health Management,2003(5):377-380.
[10]刘建平,叶均明,马仁杰,等.海军某部十四年(1970-1983年)来三十二起食物中毒分析[J].军队卫生杂志,1985(3):42-44.Liu Jianping,Ye Junming,Ma Renjie,et al.The analysis of32 food poisoning of the navy during fourteen years(1970-1983)[J].Journal of Military Health Magazine,1985(3):42-44.
[11]刘鹏.中国食品安全监管--基于体制变迁与绩效评估的实证研究[J].公共管理学报,2010,7(2):63-78,125,126.Liu Peng.Chinese food safety regulation:An empirical study on regime change and performance evaluation[J].Journal of Public Management,2010,7(2):63-78,125,126.
[12]陆玲宝,许明哲.美国药典的历史沿革和现状[J].中国药事,2007,21(5):360-361.Lu Lingbao,Xu Mingzhe.The history and the current status of the usp[J].Chinese Pharmaceutical Affairs,2007,21(5):360-361.
[13]Christine H.提升食品质量和安全的标准:食品化学法典[J].兽医导刊,2013(5):54-55.Christine H.Improving Food quality and safety standards:codex alimentarius[J].Veterinary Orientation,2013(5):54-55.
[14]袁松范.美国FDA的历史事件[J].上海医药情报研究,2003(2):43-48.Yuan Songfan.Historical events of the the United States FDA[J].Shanghai medical intelligence research,2003(2):43-48.
[15]康莉莹.美国食品安全监管法律制度的创新及借鉴[J].企业经济,2013(3):189-192.Kang Liying.Innovation and reference of American legal system of food safety supervision[J].Enterprise economy,2013(3):189-192.
[16]Harrison R.State andsociety in Twentieth:Century America[M].New York:Addison Wesley Longman Inc,1997:104.
[17]吴绍彬.河南省1979-1985年食物中毒分析[J].河南预防医学杂志,1987(3):44-49,38.Wu Shaobin.Analysis of food poisoning in henan province from 1979 to 1985[J].Henan Journal of Preventive Medicine,1987(3):44-49,38.
[18]钟辉,王跃进,郭智慧.河北省1979~1995年食物中毒动态分析[J].中国卫生监督杂志,1997,(4):154-156.Zhong Hui,Wang Yuejin,Guo Zhihui.Dynamic analysis of food poisoning in Hebei province from 1979 to 1995[J].Chinese journal of health inspection,1997,(4):154-156.
[19]丛黎明,蒋贤根,张法明.浙江省1979~1988年食物中毒情况分析[J].浙江预防医学与疾病监测,1990,(1):5-9.Cong Liming,Jiang Xiangen,Zhang Faming.Analysis of food poisoning in zhejiang province from 1979 to 1988[J].Zhejiang preventive medicine and disease surveillance,1990,(1):5-9.
[20]张炜达,任端平.我国食品安全监管政府职能的历史转换及其影响因素[J].中国食物与营养,2011,(3):9-11.Zhang Weida,Ren Duanping.Food safety regulatory functions conversion of government in China and its influencing factors[J].Food and Nutrition in China,2011,(3):9-11.
[21]朱承华,凌立新.落实《中华人民共和国食品卫生法》的必要性[J].职业与健康,2005,(10):1499-1500.Zhu Chenghua,Ling Lixin.The necessity of the implementation of the food hygiene law of the People's Republic of China[J].Occupational and Health,2005,(10),1499-1500.
[22]周殷华.涪陵地区1984─1991年食品卫生监测结果分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志,1994,6(1):55-56.Zhou Yanhua.Fuling district 1984─1991 food hygiene monitoring result analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene,1994,6(1):55-56.
[23]张淼,王家传,张乐柱,等.我国蔬菜食品安全问题及其对策[J].保鲜与加工,2005,(1):12-14.Zhang Miao,Wang Jiazhuan,Zhang Lezhu,et al.Problems and countermeasures of vegetable food safety in China[J].Storage and Process,2005,(1):12-14.
[24]韩永奇.重《寂静的春天》--论化学农药、绿色植保与可持续发展农业[J].农药市场信息,2007,(20):4-6.Han Yongqi.Rereading Silent Spring-On chemical pesticides,green plant protection and sustainable agriculture[J].Pesticide Market News,2007,(20):4-6.
[25]赵小军,蔡娟娟.我国食品安全委员会的构建[J].政法学刊,2009,26(4):52-56.Zhao Xiaojun,Cai Juanjuan.Construction of China's food safety commission[J].Journal of Political Science and Law,2009,26(4):52-56.
[26]张蕊,尚巾.关于我国食品安全委员会制度的几点思考[J].商业文化,2010,(4):46-47.Zhang Rui,Shang Jin.Some thoughts on China's food safety committee system[J].Business Culture,2010,(4):46-47.
[27]李震海.浅析《食品安全法》的亮点与不足[J].中国卫生监督杂志,2009,(6):546-551.Li Zhenhai.Analysis of the highlights and shortcomings of the food safety law[J].Chinese Journal of Health Inspection,2009,(6):546-551.
[28]邓青,易虹.中国食品安全监管问题刍议--借鉴美国食品安全法的制度创新[J].企业经济,2012,(1):166-168.Sinotrac Deng Qing.China's food safety regulatory problems series.the-a reference to the food safety law system innovation[J].Enterprise Economy,2012,(1):166-168.
[29]王辉.中美食品安全委员会之法律分析[J].现代商业,2011,(8):108-109.Wang Hui.Legal analysis of Chinese and American food safety committees[J].Modern Business,2011,(8):108-109.
[30]旭日干,庞国芳.中国食品安全现状、问题及对策战略研究[J].北京:科学出版社,2015.Xu Rigan,Pang Guofang.Research on the current situation,problems and countermeasures of food safety in China[J].Beijing:Science Press,2015.
[31]王克.处罚与保护并重--解读新《食品安全法》[J].食品安全导刊,2016,(9):54-55.Wang Ke.Pay equal attention to punishment and protectioninterpretation of the new"food safety"[J].China Food Safety Magazine,2016,(9):54-55.
[32]刘兆彬.新食品安全法条例:亮点与问题并存[J].中国经济周刊,2016,(3):81-82.Liu Zhaobin.Regulations on new food safety law:Coexistence of highlights and problems[J].China Economic Weekly,2016,(3):81-82.
[33]杜晓.市场环境将迎来全链条式监管体系[N].法制日报,2018-04-02(5).Du Xiao.The market environment will embrace a wholechain regulatory system[N].Legal daily,2018-04-02(5).
[34]张伋,张兵,张继国,等.美国营养法规和政策综述[J].中国健康教育,2011,27(12):921-923,937.Zhang Ji,Zhang Bing,Zhang Jiguo,et al.Review of nutrition strategies in America[J].Chinese Journal of Health Education,2011,27(12):921-923,937.
[35]曾红颖.美国和日本营养立法情况及对我国的启示[J].经济研究参考,2005(59):9-16.Zeng Hongying.Nutrition legislation in the United States and Japan and its enlightenment to China[J].Economic research reference,2005(59):9-16.
[36]Ogden C L,Carroll M D,Lawman H G,et al.Trends in obesity prevalence among children and adolescents in the united states,1988-1994 through 2013-2014[J].JAMA,2016,315(21):2292-2299.
[37]唐书泽,张永慧,庞国芳,等.区分食品安全与食品安保,警惕食品安全“黑天鹅”事件[J].食品科学,2012,(32)11:86-91.Tang Shuze,Zhang Yonghui,Pang Guofang,et al.Distinguish between food safety from food security to prevent the occurrence of food safety"black swan"incidents[J].Food Science,2012,(32)1:86-91.
[38]高彦生,宦萍,胡德刚等.美国FDA食品安全现代化法案解读与评析[J].检验检疫学刊,2011,21(3):71-76.Gao Yansheng,Huan Ping,Hu Degang,et al.Interpretation and review of the FDA food safety modernization act[J].Journal of Inspection and Quarantine,2011,21(3):71-76.
[39]韩永红.美国食品安全法律治理的新发展及其对我国的启示--以美国《食品安全现代化法》为视角[J].法学评论,2014,(3):92-101.Han Yonghong.New development of American legal governance of food safety and its enlightenment to China-from the perspective of American Food Safety Modernization Act[J].Law Review,2014,(3):92-101.