东京野茉莉雌雄蕊的形态及显微结构
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摘要
【目的】了解东京野茉莉(Styrax tonkinensis)花部及雌雄蕊的形态及内部显微结构,探寻其花粉败育原因。【方法】运用光镜和电镜技术,对其雌雄蕊内外部形态特征、显微结构和超显微结构进行观察研究。【结果】(1)每朵两性花中有雄蕊10枚,由花丝和花药组成。花丝宽(0.38±0.12)mm,长(8.24±0.72)mm,成熟花药由2个狭长圆形的药室组成。成熟花粉在扫描电镜下可见3或4个萌发沟,外壁有细网状纹饰,还发现有形态皱缩发育不良的花粉。透射电镜显示发育良好的花粉壁有2层,细胞内质浓厚,含有高尔基体、较多的线粒体、高电子致密物质和淀粉粒等结构。(2)雌蕊1枚,由柱头、花柱和子房组成。柱头上有"Y"形裂沟和椭球状乳突,传粉后,柱头上有分泌物。花柱中空。子房3室,多枚倒生胚珠;发育后期,只有1~2个发育为种子,其余退化。【结论】东京野茉莉花部特征符合安息香科特征,花粉粒3种形态;柱头湿型,胚珠倒生;可育花粉粒和珠被细胞内细胞质浓,细胞器较多。
【Objective】Learn the morphology and microstructure of flowers,pistils and stamens in Styrax tonkinensis,and probe into the reasons of pollen abortion.【Method 】The macrostructure,microstructure and ultrastructure of the pistils and stamens were studied by light and electron microscopy.【Result】(1) There were 10 stamens composed of filaments and anthers in each bisexual flower.The width and length of a filament was approximately(0.38±0.12) mm and(8.24±0.72) mm,respectively.The mature anthers were composed of two narrow circular chambers.Three or four germinal furrows in the exine of mature pollen with finely reticulate ornamentation were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Furthermore,we observed a form of shrunken,poorly developed pollen.Using transmission electron microscopy,we observed that in well-developed pollen cells,there were two layers in the pollen wall,a dense cytoplasm,some Golgi apparatus,a large number of mitochondria,and a high proportion of electron dense materials and starch grains.(2) There was one pistil per flower composed of a stigma,style and ovary.There were"Y"-type furrow and ellipsoidal mastoids on the stigma,and secretions after pollination.The style was hollow,and there were many anatropous ovules attached to the placenta on the inner wall of its three-chambered ovary.In the late period of development,only one or two of these ovules developed into seeds,whereas the others became degraded.【Conclusion】The characteristics of S.tonkinensis flower were accordance with Styracaceae.The pollen had 3 forms.The stigma was wet type.The ovule was anatropous.There were rich cytoplasm and more organelles in the cells of the pollen and the integument.
【Objective】Learn the morphology and microstructure of flowers,pistils and stamens in Styrax tonkinensis,and probe into the reasons of pollen abortion.【Method 】The macrostructure,microstructure and ultrastructure of the pistils and stamens were studied by light and electron microscopy.【Result】(1) There were 10 stamens composed of filaments and anthers in each bisexual flower.The width and length of a filament was approximately(0.38±0.12) mm and(8.24±0.72) mm,respectively.The mature anthers were composed of two narrow circular chambers.Three or four germinal furrows in the exine of mature pollen with finely reticulate ornamentation were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Furthermore,we observed a form of shrunken,poorly developed pollen.Using transmission electron microscopy,we observed that in well-developed pollen cells,there were two layers in the pollen wall,a dense cytoplasm,some Golgi apparatus,a large number of mitochondria,and a high proportion of electron dense materials and starch grains.(2) There was one pistil per flower composed of a stigma,style and ovary.There were"Y"-type furrow and ellipsoidal mastoids on the stigma,and secretions after pollination.The style was hollow,and there were many anatropous ovules attached to the placenta on the inner wall of its three-chambered ovary.In the late period of development,only one or two of these ovules developed into seeds,whereas the others became degraded.【Conclusion】The characteristics of S.tonkinensis flower were accordance with Styracaceae.The pollen had 3 forms.The stigma was wet type.The ovule was anatropous.There were rich cytoplasm and more organelles in the cells of the pollen and the integument.
引文
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[15]董立格,丁雨龙,王贤荣,等.‘晚银桂’的小孢子发生和雄配子体发育[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(4):44-50.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2015.04.008.DONG L G,DING Y L,WANG X R.et al.The microsporogenesis and the development of male gametophyte in Osmanthus fragrans‘Wanyingui’[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2015,39(4):44-50.
[16]王学东,于洋,刘岩,等.大豆花柱和柱头的显微结构观察[J].东北农业大学学报,2013,44(1):7-11.WANG X D,YU Y,LIU Y,et al.Microstructure of style and stigma of soy bean[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2013,44(1):7-11.
[17]王艳杰,刘林德,孔冬瑞,等.刺五加雌、雄花的花柱引导组织结构观察[J].电子显微学报,2011,30(4):460-465.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6281.2011.04.034.WANG Y J,LIU L D,KONG D R,et al.Ultrastructure of stylar transmitting tissue in male and female flowers of Eleutherococcus senticosus[J].Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,2011,30(4/5):460-465.
[18]沈亦平,马丽君.环状片层[J].细胞生物学杂志,1989,11(1):5-9.SHEN Y P,MA L J.Annulate lamellae[J].Chinese Journal of Cell Biology,1989,11(1):5-9.
[2]柳新红,雷祖培,陈征海,等.浙江安息香属一新记录种:越南安息香[J].浙江农林大学学报,2012,29(2):319-320.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-0756.2012.02.025.LIU X H,LEI Z P,CHEN Z H,et al.A new record of Styrax from Zhejiang Province:Styrax tonkinensis[J].Journal of Zhengjiang A&F University,2012,29(2):319-320.
[3]宋氏凤.越南安息香木材性质与热处理改性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2011.PHUONG T T.Study on properties and heat treatment modification of Styrax tonkinensis wood[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2011.
[4]彭欢,吴亚丽,张子晗,等.东京野茉莉种子营养成分分析[J].林业科技开发,2015,29(3):56-58.DOI:10.13360/j.issn.1000-8101.2015.03.013.PENG H,WU Y L,ZHANG Z H,et al.Analysis of nutrient composition of Styrax tonkinensis seed[J].China Forestry Science and Technology,2015,29(3):56-58.
[5]顾雁蕾.越南安息香种子成分分析及超声波提油研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011.GU Y L.Analysis and ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Styrax tonkinensis seed oil[D].Hangzhou:Zhenjiang University,2011.
[6]董如磊.东京野茉莉幼苗耐荫性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2010.DONG R L.Studies on shade tolerance of Styrax tonkinonsis seedlings[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2010.
[7]XU L,YU F.Corolla structure and fragrance components in Styrax tonkinensis[J].Trees,2015,29(4):1127-1134.DOI:10.1007/s00468-015-1193-4.
[8]WANG F,HUA H,PEI Y,et al.Triterpenoids from the resin of Styrax tonkinensis and their antiproliferative and differentiation effects in human leukemia HL-60 cells[J].Journal of Natural Product,2006,69(5):807-810.DOI:10.1021/np050371z.
[9]WANG F,HUA H M,BIAN X,et al.Two new aromatic compounds from the resin of Styrax tonkinensis(Pier.)Craib[J].Journal of Asian Natural Product Research,2006,8(1-2):137-141.DOI:10.1080/10286020500480712.
[10]吴君.白花树生殖生物学特性研究[D].临安:浙江农林大学,2013.WU J.Study on the reproductive biology of Styrax tonkinensis[D].Lin'an:Zhenjiang A&F University,2013.
[11]李正理.植物组织制片学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1996:130-139.
[12]胡适宜.被子植物生殖生物学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005:136-138.
[13]陆彦,王頔,张敏,等.银杏小孢子和花粉发育过程的超微结构观察[J].电子显微学报,2011,30(3):265-273.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6281.2011.03.018.LU Y,WANG D,ZHANG M,et al,Ultrastructural observation of the microsporogenesis and pollen development in Ginkgo biloba L.[J].Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,2011,30(3):265-273.
[14]李东霄,邓小莉,冯素伟,等.温敏核不育小麦可育和败育花粉的超微结构观察[J].中国细胞生物学学报,2013,35(8):1119-1125.DOI:10.11844/cjcb.2013.08.0097.LI D X,DENG X L,FENG S W,et al.Ultrastructural observation of fertile and sterile pollen grains of a thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile wheat[J].Chinese Journal of Cell Biology,2013(8):1119-1125.
[15]董立格,丁雨龙,王贤荣,等.‘晚银桂’的小孢子发生和雄配子体发育[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(4):44-50.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2015.04.008.DONG L G,DING Y L,WANG X R.et al.The microsporogenesis and the development of male gametophyte in Osmanthus fragrans‘Wanyingui’[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2015,39(4):44-50.
[16]王学东,于洋,刘岩,等.大豆花柱和柱头的显微结构观察[J].东北农业大学学报,2013,44(1):7-11.WANG X D,YU Y,LIU Y,et al.Microstructure of style and stigma of soy bean[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2013,44(1):7-11.
[17]王艳杰,刘林德,孔冬瑞,等.刺五加雌、雄花的花柱引导组织结构观察[J].电子显微学报,2011,30(4):460-465.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6281.2011.04.034.WANG Y J,LIU L D,KONG D R,et al.Ultrastructure of stylar transmitting tissue in male and female flowers of Eleutherococcus senticosus[J].Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,2011,30(4/5):460-465.
[18]沈亦平,马丽君.环状片层[J].细胞生物学杂志,1989,11(1):5-9.SHEN Y P,MA L J.Annulate lamellae[J].Chinese Journal of Cell Biology,1989,11(1):5-9.