城市滨水空间生态系统服务供需匹配的空间智慧
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摘要
当前生态系统服务空间性研究大多在区域或城市尺度上开展,风景园林生态实践的指导性较为有限,研究聚焦场地尺度,旨在从生态系统服务供需视角看待城市滨水空间的发展与规划设计实践。在已有生态系统服务供需方面文献爬梳的基础上,提出影响需求的三大因素及其需求类型的划分方法,甄别影响城市滨水空间生态系统服务供给能力的核心指标,选取上海苏州河市区段进行实证研究,采取田野调查法、文献研究法,并基于GIS进行需求目标与供给能力的空间制图。通过拟合分析比对创新性地提出指导城市滨水空间生态实践的三大空间智慧:1)基于需求目标研判制定发展策略的空间智慧;2)分段分类型供给满足存量更新需求的空间智慧;3)生态系统服务供需平衡转向匹配的空间智慧,为城市滨水空间的生态实践提出理论依据、评价标准及技术支撑。
Since most studies on ecosystem service mapping focus on regional or urban scale, which have limited influence on ecological practice of landscape architecture, this paper focuses on the site dimension to discuss the planning and design of urban waterfront areas from the perspective of the supply-demand of ecosystem services. Based on the review of existing knowledge on ecosystem service supply and demand,this paper proposes three factors and classification of demands, and identifies key indicators that influence the supply of ecosystem services in urban waterfront areas. It uses the urban sections of the Suzhou Creek in Shanghai and adopts the methods of field research, literature review and GIS-based spatial mapping of demand targets and supply capabilities. Through a comparison of demand and supply, it creatively proposes three spatial wisdoms of ecological practice at urban waterfront areas, which are first, the spatial wisdom of making development strategies based on demand objectives; second, the spatial wisdom of meeting the needs of urban renewal based on different sections and types; third, the spatial wisdom of transferring from supply-demand balance to matching. It provides theoretical basis, evaluation methods and technical support for the ecological practice in urban waterfront areas in the future.
Since most studies on ecosystem service mapping focus on regional or urban scale, which have limited influence on ecological practice of landscape architecture, this paper focuses on the site dimension to discuss the planning and design of urban waterfront areas from the perspective of the supply-demand of ecosystem services. Based on the review of existing knowledge on ecosystem service supply and demand,this paper proposes three factors and classification of demands, and identifies key indicators that influence the supply of ecosystem services in urban waterfront areas. It uses the urban sections of the Suzhou Creek in Shanghai and adopts the methods of field research, literature review and GIS-based spatial mapping of demand targets and supply capabilities. Through a comparison of demand and supply, it creatively proposes three spatial wisdoms of ecological practice at urban waterfront areas, which are first, the spatial wisdom of making development strategies based on demand objectives; second, the spatial wisdom of meeting the needs of urban renewal based on different sections and types; third, the spatial wisdom of transferring from supply-demand balance to matching. It provides theoretical basis, evaluation methods and technical support for the ecological practice in urban waterfront areas in the future.
引文
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[8]王敏,侯晓晖,汪洁琼.基于传统生态智慧的江南水网空间韧性机制及实践启示[J].风景园林,2018,25(6):52-57.
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[12]邓雪湲,干靓.韧性理念下的高密度城区河流护岸带生态改造研究:以上海市“一江一河”岸线为例[J].城市建筑,2018(33):48-51.
[13]冯朝阳,李彩霞.基于雷达图序列的海洋多维数据可视化方法[J].计算机科学与应用,2018,8(9):1347-1353.
[14]汪洁琼,彭唤雨,卓承学,等.海绵社区生态服务综
合效能的雷达图表评价模型:墨尔本斯坦福社区的实证研究[J].中国城市林业,2016,14(4):28-33.
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[17]肖玉,谢高地,鲁春霞,等.基于供需关系的生态系统服务空间流动研究进展[J].生态学报,2016,36(10):3096-3102.
[18]汪洁琼,刘滨谊.基于水生态系统服务效能机理的江南水网空间形态重构[J].中国园林,2017,33(10):68-73.
[19]汪洁琼,朱安娜,王敏.城市公园滨水空间形态与水体自净效能的关联耦合:上海梦清园的实证研究[J].风景园林,2016,23(8):118-127.
[20]汪洁琼,王敏,彭英,等.上海苏州河生态系统服务演变的历史分析与滨水文化提升策略[J].建筑与文化,2017(11):153-155.
[21]丛国英.生态驳岸:治理城市水体污染的有效途径[J].安徽农学通报(上半月刊),2009,15(17):156-177.
[22]吴振斌,邱东茹,贺锋,等.水生植物对富营养水体水质净化作用研究[J].武汉植物学研究,2001,19(4):299-303.
[23]刘晓海,高云涛,陈建国,等.人工曝气技术在河道污染治理中的应用[J].云南环境科学,2006(1):44-46.
[24]SPIRNAW.TheGraniteGarden:UrbanNatureand Human Design[J]. Technology&Culture, 1984, 27(2):332.
[25]沈清基.城市生态环境:原理、方法与优化[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011:199-200.
[26]周思思,王冬梅.河岸缓冲带净污机制及其效果影响因子研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(5):114-120.
[27]刘滨谊,林俊.城市滨水带环境小气候与空间断面关系研究:以上海苏州河滨水带为例[J].风景园林,2015,22(6):46-54.
[28]黄越,闻丞,陈炜,等.基于生物群落重建的景观水体生态修复方法研究[J].中国园林,2018,34(4):24-29.
[29]叶新才.生态旅游环境教育功能的实现途径研究[J].四川环境,2009,28(3):54-57,70.
[30]汤雨琴,郭健康,靳思佳,等.郊野公园游憩度评价体系构建研究[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2013,31(5):79-88.
[31]张宏,黄震方,方叶林,等.湿地自然保护区旅游者环境教育感知研究:以盐城丹顶鹤、麋鹿国家自然保护区为例[J].生态学报,2015,35(23):7899-7911.
[32]张翠蓁,姚亦锋.滨水景观设计及其历史文化承载再现的研究:南京外秦淮河规划[J].中国园林,2004,20(10):27-30.
[33]肖星,杜坤.城市公园游憩者满意度研究:以广州为例[J].人文地理,2011,26(1):129-133.
[34]王云才,汪洁琼,象伟宁.约翰·莱尔的人文生态实践智慧对图式语言研究的启示[J].中国园林,2017,33(7):41-45.
(1)该观点由象伟宁于2018年7月在“生态智慧与城乡生态实践”同济—华南农大论坛上提出。
[2]HAASED,LARONDELLEN,ANDERSSONE,et al.AQuantitativeReviewofUrbanEcosystemService Assessments:ConceptsModels,andImplementation[J].Ambio, 2014, 43(4):413–433.
[3] WOODDRUFF S C, BENDOR T K. Ecosystem services in Urban Planning:Comparative Paradigms and Guidelines forHighQualityPlans[J].Landscape&UrbanPlanning,2016(152):90-100.
[4] COSTANZA R. Ecosystem Services:Multiple Classification SystemsareNeeded[J].BiologicalConservation,2008,141(2):350-352.
[5]LIP.ResearchProgressonTrade-offsandSynergies ofEcosystemServices:anOverview[J].ActaEcologica Sinica, 2012, 32(16):5219-5229.
[6]张彪,谢高地,肖玉,等.基于人类需求的生态系统服务分类[J].中国人口资源与环境,2010,20(6):64-67.
[7]彭建,杨旸,谢盼,等.基于生态系统服务供需的广东省绿地生态网络建设分区[J].生态学报,2017,37(13):4562-4572.
[8]王敏,侯晓晖,汪洁琼.基于传统生态智慧的江南水网空间韧性机制及实践启示[J].风景园林,2018,25(6):52-57.
[9]FISHERB,TURNERRK,MORLINGP.Definingand ClassifyingEcosystemServicesforDecisionMaking[J].Ecological Economics, 2009, 68(3):643-653.
[10]张立伟,傅伯杰.生态系统服务制图研究进展[J].生态学报,2014,34(2):316-325.
[11]颜文涛,王云才,象伟宁.城市雨洪管理实践需要生态实践智慧的引导[J].生态学报,2016,36(16):4926-4928.
[12]邓雪湲,干靓.韧性理念下的高密度城区河流护岸带生态改造研究:以上海市“一江一河”岸线为例[J].城市建筑,2018(33):48-51.
[13]冯朝阳,李彩霞.基于雷达图序列的海洋多维数据可视化方法[J].计算机科学与应用,2018,8(9):1347-1353.
[14]汪洁琼,彭唤雨,卓承学,等.海绵社区生态服务综
合效能的雷达图表评价模型:墨尔本斯坦福社区的实证研究[J].中国城市林业,2016,14(4):28-33.
[15]KROLLF,MULLERF,HAASED,etal.Rural-urban GradientAnalysisofEcosystemServicesSupplyand Demand Dynamics[J]. Land Use Policy, 2012, 29(3):521-535.
[16] BURKHARD B, KROLL F, NEDKOV S, et al. Mapping EcosystemServiceSupply,DemandandBudgets[J].Ecological Indicators, 2012(21):17-29.
[17]肖玉,谢高地,鲁春霞,等.基于供需关系的生态系统服务空间流动研究进展[J].生态学报,2016,36(10):3096-3102.
[18]汪洁琼,刘滨谊.基于水生态系统服务效能机理的江南水网空间形态重构[J].中国园林,2017,33(10):68-73.
[19]汪洁琼,朱安娜,王敏.城市公园滨水空间形态与水体自净效能的关联耦合:上海梦清园的实证研究[J].风景园林,2016,23(8):118-127.
[20]汪洁琼,王敏,彭英,等.上海苏州河生态系统服务演变的历史分析与滨水文化提升策略[J].建筑与文化,2017(11):153-155.
[21]丛国英.生态驳岸:治理城市水体污染的有效途径[J].安徽农学通报(上半月刊),2009,15(17):156-177.
[22]吴振斌,邱东茹,贺锋,等.水生植物对富营养水体水质净化作用研究[J].武汉植物学研究,2001,19(4):299-303.
[23]刘晓海,高云涛,陈建国,等.人工曝气技术在河道污染治理中的应用[J].云南环境科学,2006(1):44-46.
[24]SPIRNAW.TheGraniteGarden:UrbanNatureand Human Design[J]. Technology&Culture, 1984, 27(2):332.
[25]沈清基.城市生态环境:原理、方法与优化[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011:199-200.
[26]周思思,王冬梅.河岸缓冲带净污机制及其效果影响因子研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(5):114-120.
[27]刘滨谊,林俊.城市滨水带环境小气候与空间断面关系研究:以上海苏州河滨水带为例[J].风景园林,2015,22(6):46-54.
[28]黄越,闻丞,陈炜,等.基于生物群落重建的景观水体生态修复方法研究[J].中国园林,2018,34(4):24-29.
[29]叶新才.生态旅游环境教育功能的实现途径研究[J].四川环境,2009,28(3):54-57,70.
[30]汤雨琴,郭健康,靳思佳,等.郊野公园游憩度评价体系构建研究[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2013,31(5):79-88.
[31]张宏,黄震方,方叶林,等.湿地自然保护区旅游者环境教育感知研究:以盐城丹顶鹤、麋鹿国家自然保护区为例[J].生态学报,2015,35(23):7899-7911.
[32]张翠蓁,姚亦锋.滨水景观设计及其历史文化承载再现的研究:南京外秦淮河规划[J].中国园林,2004,20(10):27-30.
[33]肖星,杜坤.城市公园游憩者满意度研究:以广州为例[J].人文地理,2011,26(1):129-133.
[34]王云才,汪洁琼,象伟宁.约翰·莱尔的人文生态实践智慧对图式语言研究的启示[J].中国园林,2017,33(7):41-45.
(1)该观点由象伟宁于2018年7月在“生态智慧与城乡生态实践”同济—华南农大论坛上提出。