有机肥和化肥对盆栽番茄氮素利用以及损失的影响
|
摘要
为研究有机肥以及化肥对氮素利用以及损失的影响,针对当前蔬菜生产中面积较大和产量较高的番茄进行盆栽控制性试验,设置等氮条件下3个肥料处理,即有机肥(M)、化肥(U)、有机肥和化肥各半(MU),以及对照CK(不施氮肥、种植作物)和CKN(不施氮肥、不种作物),对番茄产量、氨挥发、N_2O排放等进行监测分析。结果表明,MU、U、M 3个处理产量无显著差异。与U、MU相比,M能够降低氨挥发损失62%和57%,降低N_2O排放量53%和69%。土壤中残留的肥料氮量为M(64.9%)>MU(36.7%)>U(23.7%),且3个处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。结合氮素损失和作物产量,说明施用有机肥能在一定程度上保证番茄高产、降低氮素损失以及保证较高的氮素后茬利用率。考虑到气候条件、作物品种、肥料类型等的复杂性,还需要对有机肥和化肥配施的环境影响进行更多比较研究,从而进一步优化当前集约化蔬菜生产中的肥料管理。
In order to elevate the tomato yield,nitrogen losses by ammonia volatilization and N_2O emissions under the different types of N fertilizers,a tomato plot experiment was carried out on three equal amount of nitrogen fertilizer treatments,i.e.,manure(M),Urea(U)and combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer(MU)and two control treatments,CK(plant with no fertilizer)and CKN(no plant and no fertilizer).The results indicated that there was no significant difference of yield among M,MU and U treatments.Compared with U,the NH_3 volatilization of M treatment reduced by 62% and N_2O emissions 53%.Compared with MU,the NH_3 volatilization and N_2O emissions of M treatment reduced by 57% and by 69%,respectively.The amount of residual N fertilizer in the soil was in the order of M(64.9%)> MU(36.7%)> U(23.7%)and there was significant difference among them(P<0.05).Considering of the nitrogen loss and crop yield,it was concluded that the organic fertilizer ensured high tomato yield and decreased nitrogen loss,which could be used as technical extension in tomato production.Due to the complexities of climate conditions,crop and fertilizer types,more comparative studies of environmental impact and crop yield of combined application of organic with chemical fertilizers need to be undertaken to further optimize the intensive vegetable production.
In order to elevate the tomato yield,nitrogen losses by ammonia volatilization and N_2O emissions under the different types of N fertilizers,a tomato plot experiment was carried out on three equal amount of nitrogen fertilizer treatments,i.e.,manure(M),Urea(U)and combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer(MU)and two control treatments,CK(plant with no fertilizer)and CKN(no plant and no fertilizer).The results indicated that there was no significant difference of yield among M,MU and U treatments.Compared with U,the NH_3 volatilization of M treatment reduced by 62% and N_2O emissions 53%.Compared with MU,the NH_3 volatilization and N_2O emissions of M treatment reduced by 57% and by 69%,respectively.The amount of residual N fertilizer in the soil was in the order of M(64.9%)> MU(36.7%)> U(23.7%)and there was significant difference among them(P<0.05).Considering of the nitrogen loss and crop yield,it was concluded that the organic fertilizer ensured high tomato yield and decreased nitrogen loss,which could be used as technical extension in tomato production.Due to the complexities of climate conditions,crop and fertilizer types,more comparative studies of environmental impact and crop yield of combined application of organic with chemical fertilizers need to be undertaken to further optimize the intensive vegetable production.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].2015.http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2015/indexch.htm State Statitics Bureau China Statistical Yearbook,2015[M].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2015/indexch.htm
[2]巨晓棠,张福锁.关于氮肥利用率的思考[J].生态环境,2003,12(2):192-197Ju X T,Zhang F S.Thinking about nitrogen recovery rate[J].Ecology and Environment,2003,12(2):192-197(in Chinese)
[3]朱兆良,文启孝.我国农业生态系统中氮素的循环和平衡[M].南京:江苏科学与技术出版社,1992Zhu Z L.The Cycle and Balance of Nitrogen in Agricultural Ecosystem[M].Nanjing:Jiangsu Science and Technology Press,1992(in Chinese)
[4]Crutzen P J,Mosier A R,Smith K A,Winiwarter W.N2O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2008,8(2):389-395
[5]de Vries F T,van Groenigen J W,Hoffland E,Bloem J.Nitrogen losses from two grassland soils with different fungal biomass[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(5):997-1005
[6]Mcswiney C P,Snapp S S,Gentry L E.Use of N immobilization to tighten the N cycle in conventional agroecosystems[J].Ecological Applications,2010,20(3):648-662
[7]Choi W,Jin S,Lee S,Ro H M,Yoo S H.Corn uptake and microbial immobilization of 15 N-labeled urea-N in soil as affected by composted pig manure[J].Plant and Soil,2001,235(1):1-9
[8]邹建文,黄耀.农业管理措施对N2O排放的影响[J].农村生态环境,2002(1):46-49Zou J W,Huang Y.Effect of agricultural management practices on N2O emission of farmlands[J].Rural Eco-Environment,2002(1):46-49(in Chinese)
[9]董玉红,欧阳竹,李运生,张磊.肥料施用及环境因子对农田土壤CO2和N2O排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2005(5):83-88Dong Y H,Ou Y Z,Li Y S,Zhang L.Influence of fertilization and environmental factors on CO2 and N2O fluxes from agricultural soil[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2005(5):83-88(in Chinese)
[10]阎宏亮.菜地土壤N2O排放特征、产生途径及其影响因素[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014Yan H L.The characteristics,sources and impact factors of N2O emissions from vegetable fields[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Dissertation,2014(in Chinese)
[11]刘红梅,庞凤梅,赖欣,杨殿林.供氮水平和有机无机配施对麦田土壤氨挥发的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(12):7119-7122Liu H M,Pang F M,Lai X,Yang D L.Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate and combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on soil ammonia volatilization in winterwheat field[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2012,40(12):7119-7122(in Chinese)
[12]Banerjee B,Pathak H,Aggarwal P.Effects of dicyandiamide,farmyard manure and irrigation on crop yields and ammonia volatilization from an alluvial soil under a rice(Oryza sativa L)-wheat(Triticum aestivum L)cropping system[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2002,36(3):207-214
[13]曹凑贵,李成芳,寇志奎,杨金花,汪金平.不同类型氮肥和耕作方式对稻田土壤氨挥发的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2010,32(5):881-886Cao C G,Li C F,Kou Z K,Yang J H,Wang J P.Effect of N source and Tillage on NH3volatilization from paddy soils[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2010,32(5):881-886(in Chinese)
[14]周伟,田玉华,曹彦圣,尹斌.两种氨挥发测定方法的比较研究[J].土壤学报,2011,48(5):1090-1095Zhou W,Tian Y H,Cao Y S,Yin B.A comparative study on two methods for determination of ammonia volatilization[J].Soil Science,2011,48(5):1090-1095(in Chinese)
[15]Zheng X,Mei B,Wang Y,Xie B H,Wang Y S,Dong H B,Xu H,Chen G X,Cai Z C,Jin Y,Gu J X,Su Fang,Zou J W,Zhu J G.Quantification of N2O fluxes from soil-plant systems may be biased by the applied gas chromatograph methodology[J].Plant and Soil,2008,311(1/2):211-234
[16]Mosier A R,Halvorson A D,Reule C A,Liu X J.Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in irrigated cropping systems in northeastern Colorado[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2006,35(4):1584-1598
[17]Montemurro F.Are organic N fertilizing strategisgies able to miprove lettuce yield,use of nitrogen and N status?[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2010,33(13):1980-1997
[18]?turm M,Kacjan-Mar2ic'N,Zupanc V,Bra?i?-?eleznik B,Lojen S,Pintar,M.Effect of different fertilisation and irrigation practices on yield,nitrogen uptake and fertiliser use efficiency of white cabbage(Brassica oleracea var.capitata L)[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2010,125(2):103-109
[19]Cameron K C,Di H J,Moir J L.Nitrogen losses from the soil/plant system:A review[J].Annals of Applied Biology,2013,162(2):145-173
[20]Matsushima M,Lim S,Kwak J,Park H J,Lee S I,Lee D S,&Choi W J.Interactive effects of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer and composted manure on ammonia volatilization from soils[J].Plant and Soil,2009,325(1/2):187-196
[21]葛顺峰,姜远茂,彭福田,房祥吉,王海宁,东明学,刘建才.春季有机肥和化肥配施对苹果园土壤氨挥发的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010(5):199-203Ge S F,Jang Y M,Peng F T,Fang X J,Wang H N,Dong M X,Liu J C.Effect of chemical fertilizer application combined with organic manure on ammonia volatilization in spring in apple orchard[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010(5):199-203(in Chinese)
[22]曹兵,李新慧,张琳,邹国元,高祥照,赵春江.冬小麦不同基肥施用方式对土壤氨挥发的影响[J].华北农学报,2001,16(2):83-86Cao B,Li X H,Zhang L,Zou G Y,Gao X Z,Zhao C J.Effect of different basal-dressing application methods on soil ammonia volatilization from wheat field[J].Acta Agriculturae BorealiSinica,2001,16(2):83-86(in Chinese)
[23]Lee K,Bong Y,Lee D,Kim Y,Kim K.Tracing the sources of nitrate in the Han River watershed in Korea,usingδ15 N-NO3andδ18 O-NO3values[J].Science Total Environment,2008,395(2/3):117-124
[24]Wang Y,Hu C,Ming H,Oenema O,Schaefer D A,Dong W,Zhang Y M,Li X X.Methane,Carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide fluxes in soil profile under a winter wheat-summer maize rotation in the North China Plain[J].Plos One,2014,9(6):e98445
[25]王海飞.不同土地利用方式红壤温室气体产生机制[D].北京:中国农业大学,2013Wang H F,Study on the production mechanism and influencing factors of greenhouse gas in different land use of red soil[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2013(in Chinese)
[26]严英.华北平原不同轮作体系土壤[D].北京:中国农业大学,2013Yan Y,The characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions in different crop rotation systems on North China Plain[D],Beijing:China Agricultural University,2013(in Chinese)
[27]Qin S P,Wang Y Y,Hu C S,Oenemab O,Lia X X,Zhang Y M,Wenxu Dong W X.Yield-scaled N2O emissions in a winter wheat-summer corn double-cropping system[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,55:240-244
[28]Tellez-Rio A,García-Marco S,Navas M,López-Solanilla,E Tenorio J L,Vallejo A.N2O and CH4emissions from a fallow:wheat rotation with low N input in conservation and conventional tillage under a Mediterranean agroecosystem[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,508:85-94
[29]Zhang Y,Sheng J,Wang Z,Chen L,Zheng J.Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from a Chinese wheat-rice cropping system under different tillage practices during the wheat-growing season[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2015,146:261-269
[30]Aguilera E,Lassaletta L,Sanz-Cobena A,Garnier J,Vallejo A.The potential of organic fertilizers and water management to reduce N2O emissions in Mediterranean climate cropping systems:A review[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environmen,2013,164:32-52
[31]郝小雨,高伟,王玉军,金继运,黄绍文,唐继伟,张志强.有机无机肥料配合施用对设施菜田土壤N2O排放的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012(5):1073-1085Hao X Y,Gao W,Wang Y J,Jin J Y,Huang S W,Tang J W,Zhang Z Q.Effects of combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on N2O emission from greenhouse vegetable soil[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2012(5):1073-1085(in Chinese)
[32]Ding W,Cai Y,Cai Z,Yagi K,Zheng X.Nitrous oxide emissions from an intensively cultivated maize-wheat rotation soil in the North China Plain[J].Science of the Total Environme,2007,373(2):501-511
[33]Zhang Y,Liu J,Mu Y,Pei S,Lun X,ChaiF.Emissions of nitrous oxide,nitrogen oxides and ammonia from a maize field in the North China Plain[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(17):2956-2961
[34]胡小康,黄彬香,苏芳,巨晓棠,江荣风,张福锁.氮肥管理对夏玉米土壤CH4和N2O排放的影响[J].中国科学:化学,2011,41(1):117-128Hu X K,Huang B X,Su F,Ju X T,Jiang R F,Zhang F S.Effects of nitrogen management on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from summer maize soil in North China Plain[J].Science China:Chemistry,2011,41(1):117-128(in Chinese)
[35]Gao B,Ju X,Su F,Meng Q F,Oenemab O,Christiea P,Chen X P,Zhang F S.Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from optimized and alternative cereal cropping systems on the North China Plain:A two-year field study[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,472:112-124
[36]李娟,赵秉强,李秀英,So H B.长期有机无机肥料配施对土壤微生物学特性及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008(1):144-152Li J,Zhao B Q,Li X Y,So H B.Effects of long-term combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil microbiological properties and soil fertility[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008(1):144-152(in Chinese)
[37]Evans R D,Bloom A J,Sukrapanna S S,Ehleringer J R.Nitrogen isotope composition of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum MillcvT-5)grown under ammonium or nitrate nutrition[J].Plant,Cell&Environment,1996,19(11):1317-1323
[38]Yuan Y,Zhao M,Zhang Z,Chen T,Yang G,Wang Q.Effect of different fertilizers on nitrogen isotope composition and nitrate content[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2012,60(6):1456-1460
[39]Cabello M J,Castellanos M T,Tarquis A M,Cartagena,M C,Arce,A,Ribas,F.Determination of the uptake and translocation of nitrogen applied at different growth stages of a melon crop(Cucumis melo L)using 15 N isotope[J].Scientia Horticultural,2011,130(3):541-550
[40]Brito L M,Monteiro J M,Mour2o I,Coutinho J.Organic lettuce growth and nutrient uptake response to lime,compost and rock phosphate[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2014,37(7):1002-1011
[41]何华,赵世伟,陈国良.不同水肥条件对马铃薯肥料N利用率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2000(2):235-239He H,Zhao S W,Chen G L.Effect of different watering and fertilization on N utilization efficiency[J],Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2000(2):235-239(in Chinese)
[42]Geisseler D,Horwath W R,Joergensen R G,Joergensen R G,Ludwig B.Pathways of nitrogen utilization by soil microorganisms:A review[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(12):2058-2067
[43]Horváth L,Grosz B,Machon A,Tuba Z,Nagy Z,Czóbel S Z,Balogh J,Péli E,Fóti S Z,Weidinger T,Pintér K,Führ E.Estimation of nitrous oxide emission from Hungarian semi-arid sandy and loess grasslands;effect of soil parameters,grazing,irrigation and use of fertilizer[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2010,139(1/2):255-263
[2]巨晓棠,张福锁.关于氮肥利用率的思考[J].生态环境,2003,12(2):192-197Ju X T,Zhang F S.Thinking about nitrogen recovery rate[J].Ecology and Environment,2003,12(2):192-197(in Chinese)
[3]朱兆良,文启孝.我国农业生态系统中氮素的循环和平衡[M].南京:江苏科学与技术出版社,1992Zhu Z L.The Cycle and Balance of Nitrogen in Agricultural Ecosystem[M].Nanjing:Jiangsu Science and Technology Press,1992(in Chinese)
[4]Crutzen P J,Mosier A R,Smith K A,Winiwarter W.N2O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2008,8(2):389-395
[5]de Vries F T,van Groenigen J W,Hoffland E,Bloem J.Nitrogen losses from two grassland soils with different fungal biomass[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(5):997-1005
[6]Mcswiney C P,Snapp S S,Gentry L E.Use of N immobilization to tighten the N cycle in conventional agroecosystems[J].Ecological Applications,2010,20(3):648-662
[7]Choi W,Jin S,Lee S,Ro H M,Yoo S H.Corn uptake and microbial immobilization of 15 N-labeled urea-N in soil as affected by composted pig manure[J].Plant and Soil,2001,235(1):1-9
[8]邹建文,黄耀.农业管理措施对N2O排放的影响[J].农村生态环境,2002(1):46-49Zou J W,Huang Y.Effect of agricultural management practices on N2O emission of farmlands[J].Rural Eco-Environment,2002(1):46-49(in Chinese)
[9]董玉红,欧阳竹,李运生,张磊.肥料施用及环境因子对农田土壤CO2和N2O排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2005(5):83-88Dong Y H,Ou Y Z,Li Y S,Zhang L.Influence of fertilization and environmental factors on CO2 and N2O fluxes from agricultural soil[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2005(5):83-88(in Chinese)
[10]阎宏亮.菜地土壤N2O排放特征、产生途径及其影响因素[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014Yan H L.The characteristics,sources and impact factors of N2O emissions from vegetable fields[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Dissertation,2014(in Chinese)
[11]刘红梅,庞凤梅,赖欣,杨殿林.供氮水平和有机无机配施对麦田土壤氨挥发的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(12):7119-7122Liu H M,Pang F M,Lai X,Yang D L.Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate and combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on soil ammonia volatilization in winterwheat field[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2012,40(12):7119-7122(in Chinese)
[12]Banerjee B,Pathak H,Aggarwal P.Effects of dicyandiamide,farmyard manure and irrigation on crop yields and ammonia volatilization from an alluvial soil under a rice(Oryza sativa L)-wheat(Triticum aestivum L)cropping system[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2002,36(3):207-214
[13]曹凑贵,李成芳,寇志奎,杨金花,汪金平.不同类型氮肥和耕作方式对稻田土壤氨挥发的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2010,32(5):881-886Cao C G,Li C F,Kou Z K,Yang J H,Wang J P.Effect of N source and Tillage on NH3volatilization from paddy soils[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2010,32(5):881-886(in Chinese)
[14]周伟,田玉华,曹彦圣,尹斌.两种氨挥发测定方法的比较研究[J].土壤学报,2011,48(5):1090-1095Zhou W,Tian Y H,Cao Y S,Yin B.A comparative study on two methods for determination of ammonia volatilization[J].Soil Science,2011,48(5):1090-1095(in Chinese)
[15]Zheng X,Mei B,Wang Y,Xie B H,Wang Y S,Dong H B,Xu H,Chen G X,Cai Z C,Jin Y,Gu J X,Su Fang,Zou J W,Zhu J G.Quantification of N2O fluxes from soil-plant systems may be biased by the applied gas chromatograph methodology[J].Plant and Soil,2008,311(1/2):211-234
[16]Mosier A R,Halvorson A D,Reule C A,Liu X J.Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in irrigated cropping systems in northeastern Colorado[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2006,35(4):1584-1598
[17]Montemurro F.Are organic N fertilizing strategisgies able to miprove lettuce yield,use of nitrogen and N status?[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2010,33(13):1980-1997
[18]?turm M,Kacjan-Mar2ic'N,Zupanc V,Bra?i?-?eleznik B,Lojen S,Pintar,M.Effect of different fertilisation and irrigation practices on yield,nitrogen uptake and fertiliser use efficiency of white cabbage(Brassica oleracea var.capitata L)[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2010,125(2):103-109
[19]Cameron K C,Di H J,Moir J L.Nitrogen losses from the soil/plant system:A review[J].Annals of Applied Biology,2013,162(2):145-173
[20]Matsushima M,Lim S,Kwak J,Park H J,Lee S I,Lee D S,&Choi W J.Interactive effects of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer and composted manure on ammonia volatilization from soils[J].Plant and Soil,2009,325(1/2):187-196
[21]葛顺峰,姜远茂,彭福田,房祥吉,王海宁,东明学,刘建才.春季有机肥和化肥配施对苹果园土壤氨挥发的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010(5):199-203Ge S F,Jang Y M,Peng F T,Fang X J,Wang H N,Dong M X,Liu J C.Effect of chemical fertilizer application combined with organic manure on ammonia volatilization in spring in apple orchard[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010(5):199-203(in Chinese)
[22]曹兵,李新慧,张琳,邹国元,高祥照,赵春江.冬小麦不同基肥施用方式对土壤氨挥发的影响[J].华北农学报,2001,16(2):83-86Cao B,Li X H,Zhang L,Zou G Y,Gao X Z,Zhao C J.Effect of different basal-dressing application methods on soil ammonia volatilization from wheat field[J].Acta Agriculturae BorealiSinica,2001,16(2):83-86(in Chinese)
[23]Lee K,Bong Y,Lee D,Kim Y,Kim K.Tracing the sources of nitrate in the Han River watershed in Korea,usingδ15 N-NO3andδ18 O-NO3values[J].Science Total Environment,2008,395(2/3):117-124
[24]Wang Y,Hu C,Ming H,Oenema O,Schaefer D A,Dong W,Zhang Y M,Li X X.Methane,Carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide fluxes in soil profile under a winter wheat-summer maize rotation in the North China Plain[J].Plos One,2014,9(6):e98445
[25]王海飞.不同土地利用方式红壤温室气体产生机制[D].北京:中国农业大学,2013Wang H F,Study on the production mechanism and influencing factors of greenhouse gas in different land use of red soil[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2013(in Chinese)
[26]严英.华北平原不同轮作体系土壤[D].北京:中国农业大学,2013Yan Y,The characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions in different crop rotation systems on North China Plain[D],Beijing:China Agricultural University,2013(in Chinese)
[27]Qin S P,Wang Y Y,Hu C S,Oenemab O,Lia X X,Zhang Y M,Wenxu Dong W X.Yield-scaled N2O emissions in a winter wheat-summer corn double-cropping system[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,55:240-244
[28]Tellez-Rio A,García-Marco S,Navas M,López-Solanilla,E Tenorio J L,Vallejo A.N2O and CH4emissions from a fallow:wheat rotation with low N input in conservation and conventional tillage under a Mediterranean agroecosystem[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,508:85-94
[29]Zhang Y,Sheng J,Wang Z,Chen L,Zheng J.Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from a Chinese wheat-rice cropping system under different tillage practices during the wheat-growing season[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2015,146:261-269
[30]Aguilera E,Lassaletta L,Sanz-Cobena A,Garnier J,Vallejo A.The potential of organic fertilizers and water management to reduce N2O emissions in Mediterranean climate cropping systems:A review[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environmen,2013,164:32-52
[31]郝小雨,高伟,王玉军,金继运,黄绍文,唐继伟,张志强.有机无机肥料配合施用对设施菜田土壤N2O排放的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012(5):1073-1085Hao X Y,Gao W,Wang Y J,Jin J Y,Huang S W,Tang J W,Zhang Z Q.Effects of combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on N2O emission from greenhouse vegetable soil[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2012(5):1073-1085(in Chinese)
[32]Ding W,Cai Y,Cai Z,Yagi K,Zheng X.Nitrous oxide emissions from an intensively cultivated maize-wheat rotation soil in the North China Plain[J].Science of the Total Environme,2007,373(2):501-511
[33]Zhang Y,Liu J,Mu Y,Pei S,Lun X,ChaiF.Emissions of nitrous oxide,nitrogen oxides and ammonia from a maize field in the North China Plain[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(17):2956-2961
[34]胡小康,黄彬香,苏芳,巨晓棠,江荣风,张福锁.氮肥管理对夏玉米土壤CH4和N2O排放的影响[J].中国科学:化学,2011,41(1):117-128Hu X K,Huang B X,Su F,Ju X T,Jiang R F,Zhang F S.Effects of nitrogen management on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from summer maize soil in North China Plain[J].Science China:Chemistry,2011,41(1):117-128(in Chinese)
[35]Gao B,Ju X,Su F,Meng Q F,Oenemab O,Christiea P,Chen X P,Zhang F S.Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from optimized and alternative cereal cropping systems on the North China Plain:A two-year field study[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,472:112-124
[36]李娟,赵秉强,李秀英,So H B.长期有机无机肥料配施对土壤微生物学特性及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008(1):144-152Li J,Zhao B Q,Li X Y,So H B.Effects of long-term combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil microbiological properties and soil fertility[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008(1):144-152(in Chinese)
[37]Evans R D,Bloom A J,Sukrapanna S S,Ehleringer J R.Nitrogen isotope composition of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum MillcvT-5)grown under ammonium or nitrate nutrition[J].Plant,Cell&Environment,1996,19(11):1317-1323
[38]Yuan Y,Zhao M,Zhang Z,Chen T,Yang G,Wang Q.Effect of different fertilizers on nitrogen isotope composition and nitrate content[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2012,60(6):1456-1460
[39]Cabello M J,Castellanos M T,Tarquis A M,Cartagena,M C,Arce,A,Ribas,F.Determination of the uptake and translocation of nitrogen applied at different growth stages of a melon crop(Cucumis melo L)using 15 N isotope[J].Scientia Horticultural,2011,130(3):541-550
[40]Brito L M,Monteiro J M,Mour2o I,Coutinho J.Organic lettuce growth and nutrient uptake response to lime,compost and rock phosphate[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2014,37(7):1002-1011
[41]何华,赵世伟,陈国良.不同水肥条件对马铃薯肥料N利用率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2000(2):235-239He H,Zhao S W,Chen G L.Effect of different watering and fertilization on N utilization efficiency[J],Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2000(2):235-239(in Chinese)
[42]Geisseler D,Horwath W R,Joergensen R G,Joergensen R G,Ludwig B.Pathways of nitrogen utilization by soil microorganisms:A review[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(12):2058-2067
[43]Horváth L,Grosz B,Machon A,Tuba Z,Nagy Z,Czóbel S Z,Balogh J,Péli E,Fóti S Z,Weidinger T,Pintér K,Führ E.Estimation of nitrous oxide emission from Hungarian semi-arid sandy and loess grasslands;effect of soil parameters,grazing,irrigation and use of fertilizer[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2010,139(1/2):255-263