果园地面覆盖对苹果果实品质和矿质营养的影响
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摘要
以‘华红’苹果为试材,研究了果园地面覆盖方式对果实品质和矿质营养含量的影响。结果表明,覆盖能降低果实可滴定酸含量,提高单果重、可溶性固形物含量和维生素C含量,改善果实质地,增加果实磷、钙、镁、硼、铁、铜含量。稻壳炭覆盖、秸秆覆盖和生草覆盖可溶性固形物含量和可溶性糖含量分别比清耕(对照)高2.69%和4.77%以上。稻壳炭覆盖果皮穿刺强度最大,地布覆盖果肉坚实度和果肉纤维指数最大。果实钾、钙、镁含量以稻壳炭覆盖最高,氮、磷、铁含量以生草覆盖最高,钙、硼含量以秸秆覆盖最高。
Using ‘Huahong' apple as test material, the effects of different patterns surface mulching on the fruit quality and element content of ‘Huahong' apple were studied. The results showed that the different patterns surface mulching treatment could reduce the titratable acid content of the fruit, increase the fruit weight, soluble solids and vitamin C content,improve the fruit texture and increase the content of P, Ca, Mg, B, Fe and Cu in fruits. The soluble solids and soluble sugars in rice husk mulch, straw mulch and grass-covered fruits were 2.69% and 4.77% higher than the control, respectively. The puncture strength of rice husk mulching treatment and the average firmness and fiber index of the flesh mulched with ground cloth were the largest. In addition, the contents of K, Ca and Mg in the fruit were the highest in rice husk mulching treatment,and the contents of N, P and Fe were the highest in grass-covered, and the content of Ca and B in fruits were the highest with straw mulching.
Using ‘Huahong' apple as test material, the effects of different patterns surface mulching on the fruit quality and element content of ‘Huahong' apple were studied. The results showed that the different patterns surface mulching treatment could reduce the titratable acid content of the fruit, increase the fruit weight, soluble solids and vitamin C content,improve the fruit texture and increase the content of P, Ca, Mg, B, Fe and Cu in fruits. The soluble solids and soluble sugars in rice husk mulch, straw mulch and grass-covered fruits were 2.69% and 4.77% higher than the control, respectively. The puncture strength of rice husk mulching treatment and the average firmness and fiber index of the flesh mulched with ground cloth were the largest. In addition, the contents of K, Ca and Mg in the fruit were the highest in rice husk mulching treatment,and the contents of N, P and Fe were the highest in grass-covered, and the content of Ca and B in fruits were the highest with straw mulching.
引文
[1]关秋竹,王金政,聂佩显.地面覆盖对苹果园土壤生态效应和树体生长发育影响的研究进展.中国果树,2017(2):58-62,66.
[2]陈汝,王金政,薛晓敏,等.不同覆盖材料对苹果冠层环境叶片光合作用和果实品质的影响.河北农业科学,2016,20(4):9-11.
[3]董海强,李丙智,王金锋,等.不同覆盖方式对苹果树体生长及土壤理化特性的影响.西北农业学报,2015,24(8):101-109.
[4]孙文泰,赵明新,尹晓宁,等.陇东旱地果园地表覆盖方式对苹果光合特性的影响.干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(3):19-25.
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[6]李会科,张广军,赵政阳,等.渭北黄土高原旱地果园生草对土壤物理性质的影响.中国农业科学,2008,41(7):2070-2076.
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[8]张义,谢永生,郝明德,等.不同地表覆盖方式对苹果园土壤性状及果树生长和产量的影响.应用生态学报,2010,21(2):279-286.
[9]魏海蓉,谭钺,朱东姿,等.施用锯末对土壤理化性质、高灌蓝莓生长及果实品质的影响.山东农业科学,2018,50(10):95-99.
[10]马庆华,王贵禧,梁丽松.质构仪穿刺试验检测冬枣质地品质方法的建立.中国农业科学,2011,44(6):1210-1217.
[11]高登涛,魏志峰,孙共明,等.地面覆盖对豫北旱塬苹果园土壤性状及树体生长的影响.中国农学通报,2017,33(31):60-67.
[12]刘蝴蝶,郝淑英,曹琴,等.生草覆盖对果园土壤养分果实产量及品质的影响.土壤通报,2003,34(3):184-186.
[13]张超,李爱梅,周旭,等.地面覆盖对渭北旱地苹果园土壤理化性质与果实产量、品质的影响.西北农业学报,2017,26(4):609-616.
[14]赵爱玲,薛晓芳,王永康,等.质构仪检测鲜枣果实质地品质的方法研究.果树学报,2018,35(5):631-641.
[15]H?nsch R,Mendel R R.Physiological functions of mineral micronutrients(Cu,Zn,Mn,Fe,Ni,Mo,B,Cl).Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2009,12(3):259-266.
[16]陈艳秋,曲柏宏,牛广才,等.苹果梨果实矿质元素含量及其品质效应的研究.吉林农业科学,2000(6):44-48.
[17]林咸永,章永松,蔡妙珍,等.磷、钾营养对柑桔果实产量、品质和贮藏性的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(1):82-88.
[18]田秀英,罗志军,黄英.钾肥对黄花梨产量与品质的影响.西南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,29(6):87-90.
[19]朱国英,张阁,刘成连,等.钙营养对甜樱桃果实品质形成的影响.北方园艺,2008(10):39-41.
[20]韩艳婷.葡萄镁营养生理机制研究.武汉:华中农业大学,2011.
[2]陈汝,王金政,薛晓敏,等.不同覆盖材料对苹果冠层环境叶片光合作用和果实品质的影响.河北农业科学,2016,20(4):9-11.
[3]董海强,李丙智,王金锋,等.不同覆盖方式对苹果树体生长及土壤理化特性的影响.西北农业学报,2015,24(8):101-109.
[4]孙文泰,赵明新,尹晓宁,等.陇东旱地果园地表覆盖方式对苹果光合特性的影响.干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(3):19-25.
[5]郭学军,韩张雄,马锋旺.不同覆盖方式对苹果园土壤状况及果树生长与果实的影响.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(9):112-118.
[6]李会科,张广军,赵政阳,等.渭北黄土高原旱地果园生草对土壤物理性质的影响.中国农业科学,2008,41(7):2070-2076.
[7]Chen H,Liu J,Zhang A,et al.Effects of straw and plastic film mulching on greenhouse gas emissions in Loess Plateau,China:A field study of 2consecutive wheat-maize rotation cycles.Science of the Total Environment,2016,579:814-824.
[8]张义,谢永生,郝明德,等.不同地表覆盖方式对苹果园土壤性状及果树生长和产量的影响.应用生态学报,2010,21(2):279-286.
[9]魏海蓉,谭钺,朱东姿,等.施用锯末对土壤理化性质、高灌蓝莓生长及果实品质的影响.山东农业科学,2018,50(10):95-99.
[10]马庆华,王贵禧,梁丽松.质构仪穿刺试验检测冬枣质地品质方法的建立.中国农业科学,2011,44(6):1210-1217.
[11]高登涛,魏志峰,孙共明,等.地面覆盖对豫北旱塬苹果园土壤性状及树体生长的影响.中国农学通报,2017,33(31):60-67.
[12]刘蝴蝶,郝淑英,曹琴,等.生草覆盖对果园土壤养分果实产量及品质的影响.土壤通报,2003,34(3):184-186.
[13]张超,李爱梅,周旭,等.地面覆盖对渭北旱地苹果园土壤理化性质与果实产量、品质的影响.西北农业学报,2017,26(4):609-616.
[14]赵爱玲,薛晓芳,王永康,等.质构仪检测鲜枣果实质地品质的方法研究.果树学报,2018,35(5):631-641.
[15]H?nsch R,Mendel R R.Physiological functions of mineral micronutrients(Cu,Zn,Mn,Fe,Ni,Mo,B,Cl).Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2009,12(3):259-266.
[16]陈艳秋,曲柏宏,牛广才,等.苹果梨果实矿质元素含量及其品质效应的研究.吉林农业科学,2000(6):44-48.
[17]林咸永,章永松,蔡妙珍,等.磷、钾营养对柑桔果实产量、品质和贮藏性的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(1):82-88.
[18]田秀英,罗志军,黄英.钾肥对黄花梨产量与品质的影响.西南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,29(6):87-90.
[19]朱国英,张阁,刘成连,等.钙营养对甜樱桃果实品质形成的影响.北方园艺,2008(10):39-41.
[20]韩艳婷.葡萄镁营养生理机制研究.武汉:华中农业大学,2011.