平和县典型蜜柚果园土壤养分状况综合评价
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摘要
为了综合评价平和县典型琯溪蜜柚果园土壤肥力状况,根据琯溪蜜柚种植面积采集42个福建省漳州市平和县琯溪蜜柚果园内具有代表性的基础土壤样品,以土壤pH、全氮、全磷、全钾、有机质等13个指标建立肥力指标体系,利用SPSS统计软件,结合主成分分析和聚类分析,对各琯溪蜜柚果园单元土壤综合肥力进行评价。结果显示,平和县琯溪蜜柚果园土壤pH以强酸性和酸性为主,全氮、全磷、全钾中等偏多,处于丰富或一般水平;碱解氮含量稍高于中等速度水平,速效磷和速效钾含量稍低于中等水平,主要处于丰富或缺乏水平;有机质含量、交换性钙、交换性镁、速效硼含量普遍不足;土壤速效锰、速效锌含量大部分适宜;各区域土壤养分指标均存在中等程度的变异,其中,速效钾、速效锌和速效硼的变异范围较大;按累计贡献率达87%以上提取了5个主成分,根据5个主成分计算综合得分,将13个琯溪蜜柚果园土壤分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ5个等级,各等级分别所占的比例为7.14%、14.29%、16.67%、45.24%和16.67%;第Ⅰ级主要为小溪镇蜜柚果园,第Ⅱ级主要为文峰镇和坂仔镇蜜柚果园,第Ⅲ级主要为南胜镇蜜柚果园,第Ⅳ和Ⅴ级主要为霞寨镇、国强乡、大溪镇、安厚镇、五寨乡、九峰镇、崎岭乡、芦溪镇、山格镇和秀峰镇蜜柚果园,该区域土壤养分比较缺乏。
Thirteen indices of soil samples were collected to evaluate the nutrient and fertility suitability of Guanxi honey pomelo soil in 42 Pinghe base units Zhangzhou City of Fujian Province, which were pH, total N, total P, total K,organic matter, etc. To use of SPSS statistical software, combined with principal component analysis and cluster analysis to evaluate the pomelo unit soil fertility. The results indicated that Guanxi honey pomelo of Pinghe with strong acidic and acidic soil pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium medium, mainly in the rich or the general level. The available nitrogen was much more moderate, available phosphorus and available potassium of content was moderate, which was mainly in abundance or lack of level;The content of organic matter, exchangeable calcium, magnesium, the content of available boron was generally insufficient;the soil available manganese and zinc content were most suitable, the soil nutrient indexes in different regions had moderate variation in Chengdu, among which available potassium, available zinc and available boron had a wide range of variation;Five principal components were obtained which accounted for 87%, the total information reflected by original 13 indexes. The systemic cluster graph was gained based on the general scores of 42 soil samples. According to the cluster graph modulus, the soil samples were divided into Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ grades, the proportion of each grade was 7.14%, 14.29%, 16.67%, 45.24% and 16.67% respectively. The general score of honey pomelo garden in Pinghe reached Ⅰ grade, followed by Wenfeng, Banzai counties which reached Ⅱ grade and Nansheng reached Ⅲ grade, Xiazhai, Guoqiang, Daxi, Anhou, Wuzhai, Jiufeng, Qiling, Luxi and Shange counties reached Ⅳ,Ⅴ grade which soil in low fertility.
Thirteen indices of soil samples were collected to evaluate the nutrient and fertility suitability of Guanxi honey pomelo soil in 42 Pinghe base units Zhangzhou City of Fujian Province, which were pH, total N, total P, total K,organic matter, etc. To use of SPSS statistical software, combined with principal component analysis and cluster analysis to evaluate the pomelo unit soil fertility. The results indicated that Guanxi honey pomelo of Pinghe with strong acidic and acidic soil pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium medium, mainly in the rich or the general level. The available nitrogen was much more moderate, available phosphorus and available potassium of content was moderate, which was mainly in abundance or lack of level;The content of organic matter, exchangeable calcium, magnesium, the content of available boron was generally insufficient;the soil available manganese and zinc content were most suitable, the soil nutrient indexes in different regions had moderate variation in Chengdu, among which available potassium, available zinc and available boron had a wide range of variation;Five principal components were obtained which accounted for 87%, the total information reflected by original 13 indexes. The systemic cluster graph was gained based on the general scores of 42 soil samples. According to the cluster graph modulus, the soil samples were divided into Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ grades, the proportion of each grade was 7.14%, 14.29%, 16.67%, 45.24% and 16.67% respectively. The general score of honey pomelo garden in Pinghe reached Ⅰ grade, followed by Wenfeng, Banzai counties which reached Ⅱ grade and Nansheng reached Ⅲ grade, Xiazhai, Guoqiang, Daxi, Anhou, Wuzhai, Jiufeng, Qiling, Luxi and Shange counties reached Ⅳ,Ⅴ grade which soil in low fertility.
引文
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[2] 章明清,林琼,杨杰,等.平和琯溪蜜柚果园养分状况与平衡施肥研究[J].福建农业学报,2003,18(3):163-167.
[3] 黄育宗,李健,吴少华,等.琯溪蜜柚主产区(平和县)果园的营养状况[J].福建农业大学学报,2001,30(1):40-43.
[4] 黄勇,杨忠芳.土壤质量评价国外研究进展[J].地质通报,2009,28(1):130-136.
[5] 庞元明.土壤肥力评价研究进展[J].山西农业科学,2009,37(2):85-87.
[6] CAMBARDELLA C A,MOORMAN T B,ANDREWS S S,et al.Watershed-scale assessment of soil quality in the loess hills of southwest lowa [J].Soil and tillage research,2004,78(2):237-247.
[7] 刘广明,吕真真,杨劲松,等.基于主成分分析及GIS的环渤海区域土壤质量评价[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(1):67-72.
[8] 张子龙,王文全,缪作清,等.主成分分析在三七连作土壤质量综合评价中的应用[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(6):1636-1644.
[9] 王军艳,张凤荣,王茹,等.应用指数和法对潮土农田土壤肥力变化的评价研究[J].农村生态环境,2001,17(3):13-16,20.
[10] 于寒青,徐明岗,吕家珑,等.长期施肥下红壤地区土壤熟化肥力评价[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(7):1772-1778.
[11] 王勇,常江.安徽省水旱轮作区土壤养分综合评价方法研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(12):124-129.
[12] 王建庆,冯秀丽,项璐.基于模糊数学法的滩涂围垦区土壤肥力特征评价[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),2013,26(4):101-106.
[13] 吴玉红,田霄鸿,南雄雄,等.基于因子和聚类分析的保护性耕作土壤质量评价研究[J].中国生态农业报,2010,18(2):223-228.
[14] 陈桂芬,曹丽英,王国伟.加权空间模糊动态聚类算法在土壤肥力评价中的应用[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(10):3559-3563.
[15] 焦峰,温仲明,从怀军,等.基于属性识别模型的退耕地土壤肥力综合评价[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(5):204-207.
[16] 孙宇,高明,王丹,等.基于GIS和改进灰色关联模型的岩溶区土壤肥力评价:以重庆市丰都县岩溶区为例[J].中国岩溶,2014,33(3):347-355.
[17] 全国土壤普查办公室.全国第二次土壤普查暂行技术规程[M].北京:农业出版社,1979.
[18] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[19] 吴飞龙,耿耿,廖海霞,等.福建闽侯果园土壤养分状况分析[J].中国南方果树,2015,44(2):74-76,80.
[20]邓维斌.SPSS19(中文版)统计分析实用教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2012.
[21] 赵华富,周国兰,刘晓霞,等.贵州茶区土壤养分状况综合评价[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012(3):30-34.