匹配追踪算法频谱分解的碎屑岩薄砂体储层预测——以北黄海盆地东部坳陷下白垩统为例
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摘要
在碎屑岩薄砂体油气储层勘探中,由于目标区选择和井位部署的需要,落实薄砂体的横向展布至关重要。北黄海盆地东部坳陷下白垩统发育扇三角洲沉积相,物源多方向,岩性横向变化大,储层较薄,受地震资料自身频率的限制,利用叠后波阻抗反演方法难以识别薄储层,而基于匹配追踪算法的谱分解技术具有计算速度快、时频分辨率高的特点,是寻找薄砂体储层最为有利的手段。通过分析井点处下白垩统薄砂体的地震响应,再通过地震资料提频处理,高频段能够区分薄储层,然后用匹配追踪算法对地震资料进行频谱分解和地震沉积旋回分析,最后在高频层序地层上对薄砂体储层进行分频解释。结果表明,下白垩统虽为低孔、特低渗储层,但以指状分布的扇三角洲平原砂岩百分含量高,烃类检测效果好,为下白垩统砂岩储集层圈闭的有利区域。
To meet the needs in selection of target area and well locations for oil and gas exploration of thin classic sand reservoirs,it is very important to disclose the three dimensional distribution of sandbodies.In the Eastern Depression of North Yellow Sea Basin,fan deltaic deposits are well developed in the Cretaceous.The sand deposits usually come from multiple sources,having sharply lateral change in lithology and thin in thickness.Restricted by the frequency of seismic data,the seismic impedance inversion method is difficult to identify the thin reservoir.The matching pursuit spectrum decomposition technique,which has the advantages of fast computing speed and high time-frequency resolution,is found in this case of study the most favorable method for thin sand reservoir identification.In this paper,by analyzing the response of thin sand body of lower Cretaceous to the seismic in the well location,through picking up of the high frequency components after seismic frequency-broadening,which may distinguish the characteristics of the thin reservoir,then we carried out the matching pursuit for 3D seismic data spectral decomposition and seismic sedimentary cycle analysis,and make frequency-division interpretation on the high-frequency sequence stratigraphy.The results show that although the Early Cretaceous sand body is low in both porosity and permeability,the contents of finger-like fan delta plain sanstone is rather high.Hydrocarbon detection based on spectrum analysis proves that it is a favorable area for reservoir traps.
To meet the needs in selection of target area and well locations for oil and gas exploration of thin classic sand reservoirs,it is very important to disclose the three dimensional distribution of sandbodies.In the Eastern Depression of North Yellow Sea Basin,fan deltaic deposits are well developed in the Cretaceous.The sand deposits usually come from multiple sources,having sharply lateral change in lithology and thin in thickness.Restricted by the frequency of seismic data,the seismic impedance inversion method is difficult to identify the thin reservoir.The matching pursuit spectrum decomposition technique,which has the advantages of fast computing speed and high time-frequency resolution,is found in this case of study the most favorable method for thin sand reservoir identification.In this paper,by analyzing the response of thin sand body of lower Cretaceous to the seismic in the well location,through picking up of the high frequency components after seismic frequency-broadening,which may distinguish the characteristics of the thin reservoir,then we carried out the matching pursuit for 3D seismic data spectral decomposition and seismic sedimentary cycle analysis,and make frequency-division interpretation on the high-frequency sequence stratigraphy.The results show that although the Early Cretaceous sand body is low in both porosity and permeability,the contents of finger-like fan delta plain sanstone is rather high.Hydrocarbon detection based on spectrum analysis proves that it is a favorable area for reservoir traps.
引文
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[2]刘喜武,张宁,勾永峰,等.地震勘探信号时频分析方法对比与应用分析[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3):743-753.[LIU Xiwu,ZHANG Ning,GOU Yongfeng,et al.The comparison and application of time-frequency analysis methods to seismic signal[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(3):743-753.]
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[4]Castagna J P,Sun S J,Siegfried R W.Instantaneous spectral analysis:detection of low-frequency shadows associated with hydrocarbons[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(2):120-127.
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[7]张繁昌,李传辉.地震信号时频谱的逆匹配追踪方法[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(6):2845-2851.[ZHANG Fanchang,LI Chuanhui.Inverse matching pursuit for the timefrequency spectra of seismic signals[J].Progress in Geophysics,2013,28(6):2845-2851.]
[8]李坤,印兴耀,宗兆云.基于匹配追踪谱分解的时频域FAVO流体识别方法[J].石油学报,2016,37(6):777-786.[LI Kun,YIN Xingyao,ZONG Zhaoyun.Time-frequency-domain FAVO fluid discrimination method based on matching pursuit spectrum decomposition[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(6):777-786.]
[9]龚承林,雷怀彦,王英民,等.北黄海盆地东部坳陷构造演化与油气地质特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(1):79-86.[GONG Chenglin,LEI Huaiyan,WANG Yingmin,et al.Hydrocarbon geologic characters and structural evolution in the eastern depression of north Yellow Sea basin[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2009,29(1):79-86.]
[10]吴淑玉,刘俊.基于时频分析的高分辨率层序地层[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2015,35(4):197-207.[WU Shuyu,LIU Jun.High resolution sequence stratigraphic study basic on time-frequency analysis[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2015,35(4):197-207.]
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[14]王强,王应斌,张友.北黄海东部坳陷中生界储层特征[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2010,30(4):97-103.[WANG Qiang,WANG Yingbin,ZHANG You.Characteristics of the Mesozoic reservoirs in the eastern depression of the northern Yellow Sea basin[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2010,30(4):97-103.]
[15]吴淑玉,刘俊.时频分析在北黄海东部坳陷中生界储层的应用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2016,36(1):189-196.[WU Shuyu,LIU Jun.Application of time-frequency analysis to the Mesozoic reservoir,eastern depression of north Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2016,36(1):189-196.]
[16]梁杰,温珍河,肖国林,等.北黄海盆地东部坳陷储层特征及影响因素[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2013,33(2):111-119.[LIANG Jie,WEN Zhenhe,XIAO Guolin,et al.Reservoir characteristics and influential factors in the eastern depression of the north Yellow Sea basin[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2013,33(2):111-119.]
[17]王改云,刘金萍,简晓玲,等.北黄海盆地下白垩统致密砂岩储层特征及成因[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2016,41(3):523-532.[WANG Gaiyun,LIU Jinping,JIAN Xiaoling,et al.Characteristics and genetic mechanism of tight sandstone reservoirs of lower Crataceous in north Yellow Sea basin[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2016,41(3):523-532.]
[18]袁书坤.北黄海联合探区中生界层序地层研究及储层地质-地球物理综合预测[D].中国石油大学(北京)硕士学位论文,2008.[YUAN Shukun.Sequence stratigraphic analysis of Mesozoic and synthetic reservoir prediction with geologicalgeophysical methods in China-Korea cooperation region of the Yellow Sea[D].Master’s Thesis of China University Petroleum,Beijing,2008.]
[19]刘金萍,王嘹亮,李洋,等.基于曲线重构的测井约束反演在中生界储层预测中的应用[J].石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2013,35(2):105-110.[LIU Jinping,WANG Liaoliang,LI Yang,et al.Application of logging constrained inversion based on log reconstruction in predicting Mesozoic reservoirs[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute),2013,35(2):105-110.]
[20]刘金萍,王嘹亮,简晓玲,等.叠前同步反演技术在北黄海盆地中生界储层预测中的应用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2015,35(4):141-148.[LIU Jinping,WANG Liaoliang,JIAN Xiaoling,et al.Application of prestack simultaneous inversion to Mesozoic reservoir prediction in the North Yellow Sea Basin[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2015,35(4):141-148.]
[21]万晓明,王嘹亮,刘金萍,等.中生界波阻抗叠置砂泥岩的孔隙度预测——以北黄海盆地X区块为例[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(5):545-549.[WAN Xiaoming,WANG Liaoliang,Liu Jinping,et al.Porosity prediction of Mesozoic sandstone and mudstone with overlapped wave impedance:a case study of X block in north Yellow Sea basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(5):545-549.]
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