人文化·科学化·技艺化:中外新闻教育理念之异同——基于中、日、英、美四国新闻教育传统与变迁的比较研究
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摘要
随着新技术在新闻实践与新闻科研中被广泛应用,以及媒介生态和业界需求不断变化,中国新闻教育也应进行革新。本文遴选出中、日、英、美四国56所新闻传播院校,对其新闻传统、新闻课程、新闻实践进行梳理与分析,发现四国新闻教育理念主要有"实践取向"与"人文取向"两大分野;此外,新闻教育理念呈现出国别差异,比如说美国的"密苏里方法"、英国的"学徒制模式"、日本的"人文关怀与通识教育"等。本文指出:中国新闻教育理念呈现出人文化、科学化、技艺化三种倾向。文章从"新闻课程、科研发表、新闻工作坊、业界招聘、评奖风向标"等多个维度分析了"人文化、科学化、技艺化"的表征以及形成原因,以此探讨新闻教育的边界与核心,试图回答"何为新时代新闻教育之‘芯’",以及什么才是我们应有的面向未来的新闻教育理念。
With the wide application of new technologies in journalism practice and research, as well as the changing needs of media ecology and industry, journalism education in China should also be innovated. The article selects 56 schools of journalism and communication in China, Japan, Britain and the United States, trying to sort out and analyze their journalism traditions, courses and practices. It finds that the four countries' journalism education concepts are mainly divided into "practical orientation" and "humanistic orientation". In addition, the concepts vary from country to country, such as "Missouri method" in the United States, the "apprenticeship model" in the United Kingdom, and the "humanistic care and general education" in Japan. The article points out that Chinese journalism education could be humanistic, scientific and technologic. It analyzes the representation and formation of these concepts from various dimensions such as courses, paper publications, workshops, recruitment and awards. The author tries to explore the boundaries and core of the journalism education and answer "what is the core value of journalism education in the era" and what kind of journalism education concept we should have for the future.
With the wide application of new technologies in journalism practice and research, as well as the changing needs of media ecology and industry, journalism education in China should also be innovated. The article selects 56 schools of journalism and communication in China, Japan, Britain and the United States, trying to sort out and analyze their journalism traditions, courses and practices. It finds that the four countries' journalism education concepts are mainly divided into "practical orientation" and "humanistic orientation". In addition, the concepts vary from country to country, such as "Missouri method" in the United States, the "apprenticeship model" in the United Kingdom, and the "humanistic care and general education" in Japan. The article points out that Chinese journalism education could be humanistic, scientific and technologic. It analyzes the representation and formation of these concepts from various dimensions such as courses, paper publications, workshops, recruitment and awards. The author tries to explore the boundaries and core of the journalism education and answer "what is the core value of journalism education in the era" and what kind of journalism education concept we should have for the future.
引文
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(7)马嘉.媒介融合时代的日本新闻教育特色分析[J].国际新闻界,2013(04):47-53.
(8)郑宇丹.人文与技术的紧张对新闻教育的影响[J].编辑之友,2016(04):52-56.
(9)李建新.密苏里新闻伦理教育的内涵及借鉴[J].新闻大学,2012(05):129-132.
(10)强月新,宋兵.我国新闻学定量研究的回顾与前瞻[J].现代传播,2003(04):40-43.
(11)李明.定量内容分析法在中国大陆新闻传播研究中的运用--以2003-2012年CSSCI收录的新闻传播类来源期刊论文为例[J].新闻与传播研究,2013(09):50-64.
(12)许琪.多维度寻求社会学定量研究新突破[N].中国社会科学报,2018-09-19.
(13)殷琦.走出“密苏里模式”:台湾地区新闻传播教育的专业化趋向[J].现代传播(中国传媒大学学报),2018(06):159-162.
(14)郭朝晖.工作坊教学:溯源、特征分析与应用[J].教育导刊,2015(05):82-84.
(15)来自微信公众号“全媒派”:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/A-2ipwEGpDtgsnHuGikNQg
(2)张咏华.英国的新闻与传播学教育一瞥[J].新闻记者,2006(10):78-81.
(3)陈俊峰,陈俊妮.英国新闻业的半专业化研析[J].新闻界,2013(20):60-67.
(4)张春华.论新闻专业主义教育的现实意义[J].四川师范大学学报(社会科学版),2011(06):162-166.
(5)秦汉,张斯筠.期待与现实的错位:日本新闻观念初探[J].东南传播,2015(02):50-52.
(6)马嘉.论日本新闻教育的人才培养观[J].当代传播,2008(03):74-75.
(7)马嘉.媒介融合时代的日本新闻教育特色分析[J].国际新闻界,2013(04):47-53.
(8)郑宇丹.人文与技术的紧张对新闻教育的影响[J].编辑之友,2016(04):52-56.
(9)李建新.密苏里新闻伦理教育的内涵及借鉴[J].新闻大学,2012(05):129-132.
(10)强月新,宋兵.我国新闻学定量研究的回顾与前瞻[J].现代传播,2003(04):40-43.
(11)李明.定量内容分析法在中国大陆新闻传播研究中的运用--以2003-2012年CSSCI收录的新闻传播类来源期刊论文为例[J].新闻与传播研究,2013(09):50-64.
(12)许琪.多维度寻求社会学定量研究新突破[N].中国社会科学报,2018-09-19.
(13)殷琦.走出“密苏里模式”:台湾地区新闻传播教育的专业化趋向[J].现代传播(中国传媒大学学报),2018(06):159-162.
(14)郭朝晖.工作坊教学:溯源、特征分析与应用[J].教育导刊,2015(05):82-84.
(15)来自微信公众号“全媒派”:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/A-2ipwEGpDtgsnHuGikNQg