两柱掩护式液压支架空间承载特性研究
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摘要
针对两柱掩护式支架基于平面力系的承载区适应性单一,难以反映顶梁纵向对称面以外区域承载特性的问题,提出采用"承载体"分析支架的承载特性。运用空间力学解析法,以顶梁为研究对象推导"承载体"外表曲面解析式并分析承载面重叠时的选取原则;对"承载体"进行纵向和横向切面,得到支架纵、横两向承载特性;分析承载体的体积与支架参数之间的关系,并与已有的计算结果进行对比。结果表明:承载面的选取应遵循各液压构件承载力最小值的原则,并要满足立柱承载力在顶梁承载范围内为正值;"承载体"随支架高度而变化,并与支架高度存在一一对应关系;纵向承载区的2个极值点及面积都在支架纵向对称面处取得最大值并向两侧立柱双向衰减,横向承载区按照分布特征可分为3种类型;增大立柱上铰点到顶梁末端距离、立柱间距、平衡千斤顶的工作阻力及与水平夹角均能增大承载体的体积;"承载体"纵向对称面处的承载区分布特征以及支架参数对承载能力的影响都与已有计算结果吻合,因此"承载体"能够反映支架顶梁任意区域的承载特性,"承载体"的体积可以作为支架参数优化的标准。
The bearing area of yield-type support with two pillars which was obtained based on the plane simplified force system had poor adaptability and could hardly reflected the characteristics of bearing capacity in the top beams except the area where the symmetry plane was located.In order to solve the problems,the "bearing body" was adopted to analysis the characteristics of bearing capacity.Firstly,the outside surface formulas of the "bearing body" were deduced by space force system analytical method with the top beam as the study object and the selecting principles were also analyzed when the bearing faces were overlapped.Then the longitudinal and transverse sections of the "bearing body" reflecting the characteristics of bearing capacity in the corresponding areas were obtained.At last the relationships between the volume of the "bearing body" and the parameters of the support were analyzed.Besides,the above results were contrasted with the existing calculation results.The results showed that,when being selected,the overlapped bearing faces should follow the principle that the support force value of every hydraulic component must be minimum,meanwhile,the support force of pillars must be positive value;the "bearing body" varied with the support height and had a one-to-one correspondence with the support height;both the area and the two extreme points of the longitudinal bearing areas were maximum in the symmetry plane and decreased to the direction of both sides' pillars;the transverse bearing areas could be classified three types based on their distribution characteristics;the volume of "bearing body" could be increased according to increase the distance between the pillars' upper hinge point and the top beam's bottom,the distance between pillars,balance jack's working resistance and its horizontal angle;the characteristics of bearing area in the support's symmetry plane and the influences of support parameters on bearing capacity of support were identical with the existing calculation results.So the "bearing body" could reflect the characteristics of bearing capacity in any area of the top beam and the volume of "bearing body" could be the standard of support parameter optimization.
The bearing area of yield-type support with two pillars which was obtained based on the plane simplified force system had poor adaptability and could hardly reflected the characteristics of bearing capacity in the top beams except the area where the symmetry plane was located.In order to solve the problems,the "bearing body" was adopted to analysis the characteristics of bearing capacity.Firstly,the outside surface formulas of the "bearing body" were deduced by space force system analytical method with the top beam as the study object and the selecting principles were also analyzed when the bearing faces were overlapped.Then the longitudinal and transverse sections of the "bearing body" reflecting the characteristics of bearing capacity in the corresponding areas were obtained.At last the relationships between the volume of the "bearing body" and the parameters of the support were analyzed.Besides,the above results were contrasted with the existing calculation results.The results showed that,when being selected,the overlapped bearing faces should follow the principle that the support force value of every hydraulic component must be minimum,meanwhile,the support force of pillars must be positive value;the "bearing body" varied with the support height and had a one-to-one correspondence with the support height;both the area and the two extreme points of the longitudinal bearing areas were maximum in the symmetry plane and decreased to the direction of both sides' pillars;the transverse bearing areas could be classified three types based on their distribution characteristics;the volume of "bearing body" could be increased according to increase the distance between the pillars' upper hinge point and the top beam's bottom,the distance between pillars,balance jack's working resistance and its horizontal angle;the characteristics of bearing area in the support's symmetry plane and the influences of support parameters on bearing capacity of support were identical with the existing calculation results.So the "bearing body" could reflect the characteristics of bearing capacity in any area of the top beam and the volume of "bearing body" could be the standard of support parameter optimization.
引文
[1]Zhao Hengshan.Design and application of shield support balance ram[J].Coal Science and Technology,1988,16(12):17-22.[赵衡山.掩护式支架平衡千斤顶的设计与使用[J].煤炭科学技术,1988,16(12):17-22.]
[2]Ren Yongqiang,Yu Haiyong,Fan Zhizhong.Analysis on support efficiency of two leg mode hydraulic powered caving support[J].Coal Science and Technology,2011,39(4):94-96.[任永强,于海湧,范志忠.两柱式放顶煤支架支撑效率分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2011,39(4):94-96.]
[3]Gao Jin,He Haitao.Application of fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology to thick seam in Shendong mining area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(11):1888-1892.[高进,贺海涛.厚煤层综采一次采全高技术在神东矿区的应用[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(11):1888-1892.]
[4]Zhang Zhongwen.Study on suitability of hydraulic powered two leg shield caving support in Pingshuo mining area[J].Coal Science and Technology,2011,39(11):31-35.[张忠温.平朔矿区两柱掩护式放顶煤支架适应性研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2011,39(11):31-35.]
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[6]Yu Haiyong,Yu Haibo,Wu Zhaohua.Suitable conditions for four-leg and two-leg sublevel caving shield supports[J].Mining Science,2011,37(9):59-63.[于海湧,于海波,吴兆华.四柱式与两柱式放顶煤支架适用条件分析[J].煤炭科技,2011,37(9):59-63.]
[7]Ma Duanzhi,Wang Enpeng.Development of two-legs shield powerful caving coal hydraulic support for large mining height face[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(8):84-86.[马端志,王恩鹏.两柱掩护式大采高强力放顶煤液压支架的研制[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(8):84-86.]
[8]Zhou Yongchang.Preliminary analysis of mechanical characteristics of shield support[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1981,6(1):1-17.[周永昌.掩护式液压支架力学特性的初步分析[J].煤炭学报,1981,6(1):1-17.]
[9]Wang Guobiao,Gao Rong.Simulation and optimum design of locating dimensions of shield support balance ram[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1994,19(2):195-201.[王国彪,高荣.掩护式支架平衡千斤顶定位尺寸的模拟分析与优化设计[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(2):195-201.]
[10]Luo Yanlei.Study of the character of loadbearing in full height ranges of the shield support[J].Journal of Guizhou Institute of Technology,1995,24(3):38-45.[罗艳蕾.掩护型支架全高度范围内承载特性的研究[J].贵州工学院学报,1995,24(3):38-45.]
[11]Hu Yingxi.Analysis of mechanics characters and basic parameters of the balance jack of the shield support[J].Journal of Guizhou Institute of Technology,1989,18(3):27-36.[胡应曦.掩护支架平衡千斤顶力学特性和基本参数的分析[J].贵州工学院学报,1989,18(3):27-36.]
[12]Tian Jinze.Study on the law of oversize full-mechanized caving workface pressure and rational type selection of support in Pingshuo coal mine[D].Beijing:China University of Mine&Technology(Beijing),2012.[田金泽.平朔特大型综放面矿压规律及架型合理化研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2012.]
[13]Yang Peiju,Liu Changyou,Han Jizhi,et al.Role of equilibrium jack in adaptability of 2-leg shield support of top coal caving[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(3):277-282.[杨培举,刘长友,韩纪志,等.平衡千斤顶对放顶煤两柱掩护支架适应性的作用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(3):277-282.]
[14]Xia Junmin.Study on control of surrounding rock and adaptability of support on high cut in fully mechanized coal face[D].Qingdao:Shandong University of Science and Technology,2004.[夏均民.大采高综采围岩控制与支架适应性研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2004.]
[15]Qian Minggao,Liu Shuangyue.A study of the interaction between 2-leg shield support and roof strata[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,1985,14(3):6-16.[钱鸣高,刘双跃.两柱支掩式支架适应性研究[J].中国矿业学院学报,1985,14(3):6-16.]
[16]Wang Guofa,Fu Jingyu.3D model of powered support and metheod for calculation of stresses on the support[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1992,17(4):66-74.[王国法,傅京昱.液压支架空间力学模型及受力计算方法的研究[J].煤炭学报,1992,17(4):66-74.]
[17]王国彪,饶明杰.液压支架优化设计与计算机模拟分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1994:54.
[18]Wang Guobiao.Mechanics simulation analysis of shield support of spatial force system[J].Journal of Fuxin Mining Institute(Nature Science),1994,13(2):72-77.[王国彪.掩护式支架空间受力的模拟分析[J].阜新矿业学院学报(自然科学版),1994,13(2):72-77.]
[19]王国法.高端液压支架及先进制造技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2010:304-306.
[2]Ren Yongqiang,Yu Haiyong,Fan Zhizhong.Analysis on support efficiency of two leg mode hydraulic powered caving support[J].Coal Science and Technology,2011,39(4):94-96.[任永强,于海湧,范志忠.两柱式放顶煤支架支撑效率分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2011,39(4):94-96.]
[3]Gao Jin,He Haitao.Application of fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology to thick seam in Shendong mining area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(11):1888-1892.[高进,贺海涛.厚煤层综采一次采全高技术在神东矿区的应用[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(11):1888-1892.]
[4]Zhang Zhongwen.Study on suitability of hydraulic powered two leg shield caving support in Pingshuo mining area[J].Coal Science and Technology,2011,39(11):31-35.[张忠温.平朔矿区两柱掩护式放顶煤支架适应性研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2011,39(11):31-35.]
[5]Zhu Deren,Jiang Yongming,Syd.A study of the horizontal force of 2-leg shield support[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,1990,19(3):4-10.[朱德仁,蒋永明,Syd.二柱掩护式支架水平力的研究[J].中国矿业大学报,1990,19(3):4-10.]
[6]Yu Haiyong,Yu Haibo,Wu Zhaohua.Suitable conditions for four-leg and two-leg sublevel caving shield supports[J].Mining Science,2011,37(9):59-63.[于海湧,于海波,吴兆华.四柱式与两柱式放顶煤支架适用条件分析[J].煤炭科技,2011,37(9):59-63.]
[7]Ma Duanzhi,Wang Enpeng.Development of two-legs shield powerful caving coal hydraulic support for large mining height face[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(8):84-86.[马端志,王恩鹏.两柱掩护式大采高强力放顶煤液压支架的研制[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(8):84-86.]
[8]Zhou Yongchang.Preliminary analysis of mechanical characteristics of shield support[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1981,6(1):1-17.[周永昌.掩护式液压支架力学特性的初步分析[J].煤炭学报,1981,6(1):1-17.]
[9]Wang Guobiao,Gao Rong.Simulation and optimum design of locating dimensions of shield support balance ram[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1994,19(2):195-201.[王国彪,高荣.掩护式支架平衡千斤顶定位尺寸的模拟分析与优化设计[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(2):195-201.]
[10]Luo Yanlei.Study of the character of loadbearing in full height ranges of the shield support[J].Journal of Guizhou Institute of Technology,1995,24(3):38-45.[罗艳蕾.掩护型支架全高度范围内承载特性的研究[J].贵州工学院学报,1995,24(3):38-45.]
[11]Hu Yingxi.Analysis of mechanics characters and basic parameters of the balance jack of the shield support[J].Journal of Guizhou Institute of Technology,1989,18(3):27-36.[胡应曦.掩护支架平衡千斤顶力学特性和基本参数的分析[J].贵州工学院学报,1989,18(3):27-36.]
[12]Tian Jinze.Study on the law of oversize full-mechanized caving workface pressure and rational type selection of support in Pingshuo coal mine[D].Beijing:China University of Mine&Technology(Beijing),2012.[田金泽.平朔特大型综放面矿压规律及架型合理化研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2012.]
[13]Yang Peiju,Liu Changyou,Han Jizhi,et al.Role of equilibrium jack in adaptability of 2-leg shield support of top coal caving[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(3):277-282.[杨培举,刘长友,韩纪志,等.平衡千斤顶对放顶煤两柱掩护支架适应性的作用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(3):277-282.]
[14]Xia Junmin.Study on control of surrounding rock and adaptability of support on high cut in fully mechanized coal face[D].Qingdao:Shandong University of Science and Technology,2004.[夏均民.大采高综采围岩控制与支架适应性研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2004.]
[15]Qian Minggao,Liu Shuangyue.A study of the interaction between 2-leg shield support and roof strata[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,1985,14(3):6-16.[钱鸣高,刘双跃.两柱支掩式支架适应性研究[J].中国矿业学院学报,1985,14(3):6-16.]
[16]Wang Guofa,Fu Jingyu.3D model of powered support and metheod for calculation of stresses on the support[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1992,17(4):66-74.[王国法,傅京昱.液压支架空间力学模型及受力计算方法的研究[J].煤炭学报,1992,17(4):66-74.]
[17]王国彪,饶明杰.液压支架优化设计与计算机模拟分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1994:54.
[18]Wang Guobiao.Mechanics simulation analysis of shield support of spatial force system[J].Journal of Fuxin Mining Institute(Nature Science),1994,13(2):72-77.[王国彪.掩护式支架空间受力的模拟分析[J].阜新矿业学院学报(自然科学版),1994,13(2):72-77.]
[19]王国法.高端液压支架及先进制造技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2010:304-306.