霍布斯与现代政治哲学方法论的奠基
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摘要
现代政治哲学的核心方法是建构主义,这一方法的奠基者是霍布斯。他为这一方法铺就了认识论的基础,涂抹了实践理性的底色,并初步提供了建构主体、建构程序以及建构产出等基本构件。他对这一方法非自觉的初步应用基本型构了现代政治哲学的进展。但需要明确的是,霍布斯的工作只是为这一方法论进行了奠基,其本人并不就能称为建构主义者,他对这一方法的应用存在着严重的普遍性不足的缺陷。不过,这反倒使得方法论的探讨呈现为开放性,为康德的道德建构主义、罗尔斯的政治建构主义提供了广阔的探索空间。
Constructivism is the core method of modern political philosophy and its founder is Hobbes.He has paved the epistemological foundation for this method,laid the background of practical rationality,and initially provided the basic components such as construction subject,construction program and construction output.His unconscious preliminary application of this method constitutes the progress of modern political philosophy.But it should be made clear his work only lays a foundation for this methodology,but he is not a constructivist himself.His application of this method is seriously deficient in universality.However,this makes the discussion of methodology become an open topic,which provides broad space for the exploration of Kant’s moral constructivism and Rawls’s political constructivism.
Constructivism is the core method of modern political philosophy and its founder is Hobbes.He has paved the epistemological foundation for this method,laid the background of practical rationality,and initially provided the basic components such as construction subject,construction program and construction output.His unconscious preliminary application of this method constitutes the progress of modern political philosophy.But it should be made clear his work only lays a foundation for this methodology,but he is not a constructivist himself.His application of this method is seriously deficient in universality.However,this makes the discussion of methodology become an open topic,which provides broad space for the exploration of Kant’s moral constructivism and Rawls’s political constructivism.
引文
(1)韩水法:《现代西方政治哲学方法》,《中国社会科学》2010年第6期。
(1)John Rawls:Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy,edited by Barbara Herman,Cambridge:Harvard University Press,2000,p.237.
(2)John Rawls:Political Liberalism,New York:Columbia University Press,1993,pp.89-90.
(3)John Rawls:Political Liberalism,p.103.
(4)John Rawls:Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy,p.239.
(5)John Rawls:Collected Papers,edited by Samuel Freeman,Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1999,p.304.
(6)John Rawls:Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy,p.239.
(7)John Rawls:Collected Papers,pp.304,306,312.
(8)John Rawls:Political Liberalism,p.93.
(1)John Rawls:Collected Papers.p.351.
(2)北京大学哲学系外国哲学史教研室:《西方哲学原著选读(上卷)》,北京:商务印书馆,1975年,第395-396页。
(3)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civil,London:printed for Andrew Crooke,at the Green Dragon in St.Pauls Church-yard,1651,p.5-6.
(4)北京大学哲学系外国哲学史教研室:《西方哲学原著选读(上卷)》,第387页。
(1)Thomas Hobbes:The English Works of Thomas Hobbes(Vol.1),London:John Born,Henrietta Street,Covent Garden,1839,p.312.
(2)John Rawls:Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy,p.243.
(3)Thomas Hobbes:The English Works of Thomas Hobbes(Vol.1),p.10.
(4)北京大学哲学系外国哲学史教研室:《西方哲学原著选读(上卷)》,第387页。
(5)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civil,p.1.
(6)Thomas Hobbes:The English Works of Thomas Hobbes(Vol.1),p.8.
(7)Leo Strauss:The Political Philosophy of Hobbes:Its Basis and Its Genesis;Chicago&London:The University of Chicago Press,1952,p.1.
(1)北京大学哲学系外国哲学史教研室:《西方哲学原著选读(上卷)》,第385页。
(2)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.27.
(3)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.418.
(4)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.60.
(5)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.94.-77-
(1)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.46.
(2)这一任务最终经由洛克把与追求舒适生活的“贪婪”予以正当化,卢梭把“可完善性”明确为人性的根本规定这一任务方才得以完成。
(3)尽管在霍布斯这里已经提出了对“财富”欲望,即贪婪,但他并没有特别地对财富予以强调。这一任务是洛克完成的。经由霍布斯和洛克的工作,现代性方案所赖以为基的“权力”和“财富”被得以证成并现实地确立起来了。参阅《利维坦》第XI章和洛克《政府论》(下)第五章。
(4)Thomas Hobbes:The English Works of Thomas Hobbes(Vol.4);London:John Born,Henrietta Street,Covent Garden,1840.pp.81-82.
(5)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.76.
(6)Thomas Hobbes:On the Citizen,Cambridge University Press,1998.p.28.
(1)李猛:《自然社会:自然法与现代道德世界的形成》,北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2015年,第131页。
(2)李猛:《自然状态为什么是战争状态?--霍布斯的两个证明与对人性的重构》,《云南大学学报》(社会科学版)2014年第5期。
(3)Thomas Hobbes:The English Works of Thomas Hobbes(Vol.4),p.43.
(4)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.61.
(5)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.78.
(1)Thomas Hobbes:The English Works of Thomas Hobbes(Vol.4),pp.16,35,65.
(2)Thomas Hobbes:The English Works of Thomas Hobbes(Vol.4),pp.378-379.
(3)Thomas Hobbes:The English Works of Thomas Hobbes(Vol.1),p.8.
(4)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.79.
(5)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.97.
(6)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.98.
(7)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.77.
(8)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.103.
(9)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,pp.7,106.
(10)Jean Hampton:Hobbes and the Social Contract Tradition,New York:Cambridge University Press,1988,p.4....
(11)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.122.
(1)王海东:《试论霍布斯的情感政治学》,《云南大学学报》(社会科学版)2013年第3期。
(2)理查德·塔克:《哲学与治术:1572-1651》,南京:译林出版社,2013年,第7页。另参阅塔克:《自然权利诸理论:起源与发展》,长春:吉林出版集团有限责任公司,2014年,第85-119页。
(1)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.87.
(1)John Rawls:Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy,edited by Barbara Herman,Cambridge:Harvard University Press,2000,p.237.
(2)John Rawls:Political Liberalism,New York:Columbia University Press,1993,pp.89-90.
(3)John Rawls:Political Liberalism,p.103.
(4)John Rawls:Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy,p.239.
(5)John Rawls:Collected Papers,edited by Samuel Freeman,Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1999,p.304.
(6)John Rawls:Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy,p.239.
(7)John Rawls:Collected Papers,pp.304,306,312.
(8)John Rawls:Political Liberalism,p.93.
(1)John Rawls:Collected Papers.p.351.
(2)北京大学哲学系外国哲学史教研室:《西方哲学原著选读(上卷)》,北京:商务印书馆,1975年,第395-396页。
(3)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civil,London:printed for Andrew Crooke,at the Green Dragon in St.Pauls Church-yard,1651,p.5-6.
(4)北京大学哲学系外国哲学史教研室:《西方哲学原著选读(上卷)》,第387页。
(1)Thomas Hobbes:The English Works of Thomas Hobbes(Vol.1),London:John Born,Henrietta Street,Covent Garden,1839,p.312.
(2)John Rawls:Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy,p.243.
(3)Thomas Hobbes:The English Works of Thomas Hobbes(Vol.1),p.10.
(4)北京大学哲学系外国哲学史教研室:《西方哲学原著选读(上卷)》,第387页。
(5)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civil,p.1.
(6)Thomas Hobbes:The English Works of Thomas Hobbes(Vol.1),p.8.
(7)Leo Strauss:The Political Philosophy of Hobbes:Its Basis and Its Genesis;Chicago&London:The University of Chicago Press,1952,p.1.
(1)北京大学哲学系外国哲学史教研室:《西方哲学原著选读(上卷)》,第385页。
(2)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.27.
(3)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.418.
(4)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.60.
(5)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.94.-77-
(1)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.46.
(2)这一任务最终经由洛克把与追求舒适生活的“贪婪”予以正当化,卢梭把“可完善性”明确为人性的根本规定这一任务方才得以完成。
(3)尽管在霍布斯这里已经提出了对“财富”欲望,即贪婪,但他并没有特别地对财富予以强调。这一任务是洛克完成的。经由霍布斯和洛克的工作,现代性方案所赖以为基的“权力”和“财富”被得以证成并现实地确立起来了。参阅《利维坦》第XI章和洛克《政府论》(下)第五章。
(4)Thomas Hobbes:The English Works of Thomas Hobbes(Vol.4);London:John Born,Henrietta Street,Covent Garden,1840.pp.81-82.
(5)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.76.
(6)Thomas Hobbes:On the Citizen,Cambridge University Press,1998.p.28.
(1)李猛:《自然社会:自然法与现代道德世界的形成》,北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2015年,第131页。
(2)李猛:《自然状态为什么是战争状态?--霍布斯的两个证明与对人性的重构》,《云南大学学报》(社会科学版)2014年第5期。
(3)Thomas Hobbes:The English Works of Thomas Hobbes(Vol.4),p.43.
(4)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.61.
(5)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.78.
(1)Thomas Hobbes:The English Works of Thomas Hobbes(Vol.4),pp.16,35,65.
(2)Thomas Hobbes:The English Works of Thomas Hobbes(Vol.4),pp.378-379.
(3)Thomas Hobbes:The English Works of Thomas Hobbes(Vol.1),p.8.
(4)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.79.
(5)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.97.
(6)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.98.
(7)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.77.
(8)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.103.
(9)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,pp.7,106.
(10)Jean Hampton:Hobbes and the Social Contract Tradition,New York:Cambridge University Press,1988,p.4....
(11)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.122.
(1)王海东:《试论霍布斯的情感政治学》,《云南大学学报》(社会科学版)2013年第3期。
(2)理查德·塔克:《哲学与治术:1572-1651》,南京:译林出版社,2013年,第7页。另参阅塔克:《自然权利诸理论:起源与发展》,长春:吉林出版集团有限责任公司,2014年,第85-119页。
(1)Thomas Hobbes:Leviathan or The Matter,Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civi,p.87.