串级萃取理论之联动萃取分离工艺设计: V、流程设计实例
|
摘要
联动萃取工艺因其显著的降耗减排优势,已逐渐发展成为中国稀土分离行业中的基本技术。联动萃取分离流程中的所有分离单元均通过横向或纵向衔接方式与其他分离单元联动运行,流程的优化设计包括分离单元自身的优化和分离单元间联动衔接的优化两个方面。本系列的前4篇文章已经推导得到了联动萃取流程中不同类型分离单元的优化以及分离单元间联动衔接优化的理论计算公式,以一个La/Ce/Pr/Nd四组分分离为例,介绍如何使用前文推导结果设计得到一个具有理论最小萃取量和最小洗涤量的全分离流程。
Owing to its obvious advantage in reducing both chemical consumption and pollution emission, the hyperlink process has currently become the common technology in rare earth separation industry in China. All the separation units in a hyperlink flowsheet run through horizontal hyperlink or vertical hyperlink with others. The design of a hyperlink flowsheet includes the optimization of separation units as well as that of hyperlinks among separation units. In our previous articles of the series, the theoretical equations for separation unit optimization and hyperlink optimization among separation units were obtained, and it will be introduced how to use those equations to design a separation flowsheet with minimum amounts of extracting solvent and scrubbing agent solution with a case of La/Ce/Pr/Nd separation.
Owing to its obvious advantage in reducing both chemical consumption and pollution emission, the hyperlink process has currently become the common technology in rare earth separation industry in China. All the separation units in a hyperlink flowsheet run through horizontal hyperlink or vertical hyperlink with others. The design of a hyperlink flowsheet includes the optimization of separation units as well as that of hyperlinks among separation units. In our previous articles of the series, the theoretical equations for separation unit optimization and hyperlink optimization among separation units were obtained, and it will be introduced how to use those equations to design a separation flowsheet with minimum amounts of extracting solvent and scrubbing agent solution with a case of La/Ce/Pr/Nd separation.
引文
[1] 徐光宪. 稀土(上) [M]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 1995.Xu G X. Rare Earth [M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 1995.
[2] 徐光宪. 串级萃取理论I、 最优化方程及其应用 [J]. 北京大学学报, 1978, (1): 51.Xu G X. Theory of counter current extraction I. Equations of optimization and their applications [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 1978, (1): 51.
[3] 徐光宪. 串级萃取理论II、 纯度对数图解法 [J]. 北京大学学报, 1978, (1): 67.Xu G X. Theory of counter current extraction II. Determination of the number of stages by the method of log purity plot [J]. Acta ScientiarumNaturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 1978, (1): 67.
[4] Xu G X, Li B G, Yian C H. Theory of countercurrent extraction and its applications in rare earth extraction industry, in Xu, G.X. (Ed.), New Frontiers in Rare Earth Science and Applications [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1985. 429.
[5] 徐光宪, 李标国, 严纯华. 串级萃取理论的进展及其在稀土工艺中的应用 [J]. 稀土, 1985, 6(1): 56.Xu G X, Li B G, Yan C H. Progress on theory of counter current extraction and its applications in rare earth separation processes [J]. Chinese Rare Earths, 1985, 6(1): 56.
[6] 严纯华, 吴声, 廖春生, 贾江涛, 程福祥, 王嵩龄, 张玻. 稀土分离理论及其实践的新进展 [J]. 无机化学学报, 2008, 24(9): 1200.Yan C H, Wu S, Liao C S, Jia J T, Cheng F X, Wang S L, Zhang B. Development of the theory of countercurrent extraction and its industrial applications [J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2008, 24(9): 1200.
[7] Yan C H, Jia J T, Liao C S, Wu S, Xu G X. Rare earth separation in China [J]. Tsinghua Sci. Technol., 2006, 11(2): 241.
[8] 严纯华, 廖春生, 易涛, 贾江涛, 王祥云, 李标国. 铥镱镥的溶剂萃取分离方法 [P]. 中国专利: CN95117986.1, 2000.Yan C H, Liao C S, Yi T, Jia J T, Wang X Y, Li B G. Solvent extraction separation of TmYbLu [P]. Chinese Patent: CN95117986. 1, 2000.
[9] 廖春生, 严纯华, 贾江涛, 李标国. 萃取分离生产高纯氧化镥的工艺 [P]. 中国专利: CN98100226.9, 2003.Liao C S, Yan C H, Jia J T, Li B G. An extraction separation process to produce lutetium oxide [P]. Chinese Patent: CN98100226. 9, 2003.
[10] 严纯华, 张亚文, 廖春生, 贾江涛, 王建方, 李标国. 一种用萃取法连续浓缩稀土料液的方法 [P]. 中国专利: CN95117987.X, 2000.Yan C H, Zhang Y W, Liao C S, Jia J T, Wang J F, Li B G. A preparation method of rare earth separation feed by continuous extraction concentration [P]. Chinese patent: CN95117987.X, 2000.
[11] Liao C S, Wu S, Cheng F X, Wang S L, Liu Y, Zhang B, Yan C H. Clean separation technologies of rare earth resources in China [J]. J. Rare Earths, 2013, 31(4): 331.
[12] 廖春生, 程福祥, 吴声, 严纯华. 串级萃取理论的发展历程及最新进展 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2017, 35(1): 1.Liao C S, Cheng F X, Wu S, Yan C H. Review and recent progresses on theory of countercurrent extraction [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2017, 35(1): 1.
[13] 邓佐国, 徐廷华. 离子型稀土萃取分离工艺技术现状及发展方向 [J]. 有色金属科学与工程, 2012, 3(4): 20.Deng Z G, Xu T H. The current status and development tendency of ionic rare earth extraction separation process [J]. Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering, 2012, 3(4): 20.
[14] 程福祥, 吴声, 廖春生, 严纯华. 串级萃取理论之联动萃取工艺设计: I、 串级萃取分离过程的邻级杂质比 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2017, 35(3): 292.Cheng F X, Wu S, Liao C S, Yan C H. Countercurrent extraction theory: Process design of hyperlink extraction separation I: Adjacent stage impurity ratio of countercurrent extraction separation [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2018, 35(3): 292.
[15] 程福祥, 吴声, 廖春生, 严纯华. 串级萃取理论之联动萃取工艺设计: II、 出口联动分离单元基本关系式 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2018, 35(4): 437.Cheng F X, Wu S, Liao C S, Yan C H. Countercurrent extraction theory: Process design of hyperlink extraction separation II: Optimum equations of outlet-hyperlink separation units [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2017, 35(4): 437.
[16] 程福祥, 吴声, 廖春生, 严纯华. 串级萃取理论之联动萃取工艺设计: III、 进料级联动分离单元基本关系式 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2018, 35(5): 571.Cheng F X, Wu S, Liao C S, Yan C H. Countercurrent Extraction Theory: Process design of hyperlink extraction separation III: Optimum equations of feeding-stage hyperlink separation units [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2018, 35(5): 571.
[17] 程福祥, 吴声, 廖春生, 严纯华. 串级萃取理论之联动萃取工艺设计: IV、 分离单元间的最优化衔接 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2018, 35(6): 672.Cheng F X, Wu S, Liao C S, Yan C H. Countercurrent extraction theory: Process design of hyperlink extraction separation IV: Optimization of hyperlinks between separation units [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2018, 35(6): 672.
[2] 徐光宪. 串级萃取理论I、 最优化方程及其应用 [J]. 北京大学学报, 1978, (1): 51.Xu G X. Theory of counter current extraction I. Equations of optimization and their applications [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 1978, (1): 51.
[3] 徐光宪. 串级萃取理论II、 纯度对数图解法 [J]. 北京大学学报, 1978, (1): 67.Xu G X. Theory of counter current extraction II. Determination of the number of stages by the method of log purity plot [J]. Acta ScientiarumNaturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 1978, (1): 67.
[4] Xu G X, Li B G, Yian C H. Theory of countercurrent extraction and its applications in rare earth extraction industry, in Xu, G.X. (Ed.), New Frontiers in Rare Earth Science and Applications [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1985. 429.
[5] 徐光宪, 李标国, 严纯华. 串级萃取理论的进展及其在稀土工艺中的应用 [J]. 稀土, 1985, 6(1): 56.Xu G X, Li B G, Yan C H. Progress on theory of counter current extraction and its applications in rare earth separation processes [J]. Chinese Rare Earths, 1985, 6(1): 56.
[6] 严纯华, 吴声, 廖春生, 贾江涛, 程福祥, 王嵩龄, 张玻. 稀土分离理论及其实践的新进展 [J]. 无机化学学报, 2008, 24(9): 1200.Yan C H, Wu S, Liao C S, Jia J T, Cheng F X, Wang S L, Zhang B. Development of the theory of countercurrent extraction and its industrial applications [J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2008, 24(9): 1200.
[7] Yan C H, Jia J T, Liao C S, Wu S, Xu G X. Rare earth separation in China [J]. Tsinghua Sci. Technol., 2006, 11(2): 241.
[8] 严纯华, 廖春生, 易涛, 贾江涛, 王祥云, 李标国. 铥镱镥的溶剂萃取分离方法 [P]. 中国专利: CN95117986.1, 2000.Yan C H, Liao C S, Yi T, Jia J T, Wang X Y, Li B G. Solvent extraction separation of TmYbLu [P]. Chinese Patent: CN95117986. 1, 2000.
[9] 廖春生, 严纯华, 贾江涛, 李标国. 萃取分离生产高纯氧化镥的工艺 [P]. 中国专利: CN98100226.9, 2003.Liao C S, Yan C H, Jia J T, Li B G. An extraction separation process to produce lutetium oxide [P]. Chinese Patent: CN98100226. 9, 2003.
[10] 严纯华, 张亚文, 廖春生, 贾江涛, 王建方, 李标国. 一种用萃取法连续浓缩稀土料液的方法 [P]. 中国专利: CN95117987.X, 2000.Yan C H, Zhang Y W, Liao C S, Jia J T, Wang J F, Li B G. A preparation method of rare earth separation feed by continuous extraction concentration [P]. Chinese patent: CN95117987.X, 2000.
[11] Liao C S, Wu S, Cheng F X, Wang S L, Liu Y, Zhang B, Yan C H. Clean separation technologies of rare earth resources in China [J]. J. Rare Earths, 2013, 31(4): 331.
[12] 廖春生, 程福祥, 吴声, 严纯华. 串级萃取理论的发展历程及最新进展 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2017, 35(1): 1.Liao C S, Cheng F X, Wu S, Yan C H. Review and recent progresses on theory of countercurrent extraction [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2017, 35(1): 1.
[13] 邓佐国, 徐廷华. 离子型稀土萃取分离工艺技术现状及发展方向 [J]. 有色金属科学与工程, 2012, 3(4): 20.Deng Z G, Xu T H. The current status and development tendency of ionic rare earth extraction separation process [J]. Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering, 2012, 3(4): 20.
[14] 程福祥, 吴声, 廖春生, 严纯华. 串级萃取理论之联动萃取工艺设计: I、 串级萃取分离过程的邻级杂质比 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2017, 35(3): 292.Cheng F X, Wu S, Liao C S, Yan C H. Countercurrent extraction theory: Process design of hyperlink extraction separation I: Adjacent stage impurity ratio of countercurrent extraction separation [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2018, 35(3): 292.
[15] 程福祥, 吴声, 廖春生, 严纯华. 串级萃取理论之联动萃取工艺设计: II、 出口联动分离单元基本关系式 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2018, 35(4): 437.Cheng F X, Wu S, Liao C S, Yan C H. Countercurrent extraction theory: Process design of hyperlink extraction separation II: Optimum equations of outlet-hyperlink separation units [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2017, 35(4): 437.
[16] 程福祥, 吴声, 廖春生, 严纯华. 串级萃取理论之联动萃取工艺设计: III、 进料级联动分离单元基本关系式 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2018, 35(5): 571.Cheng F X, Wu S, Liao C S, Yan C H. Countercurrent Extraction Theory: Process design of hyperlink extraction separation III: Optimum equations of feeding-stage hyperlink separation units [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2018, 35(5): 571.
[17] 程福祥, 吴声, 廖春生, 严纯华. 串级萃取理论之联动萃取工艺设计: IV、 分离单元间的最优化衔接 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2018, 35(6): 672.Cheng F X, Wu S, Liao C S, Yan C H. Countercurrent extraction theory: Process design of hyperlink extraction separation IV: Optimization of hyperlinks between separation units [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2018, 35(6): 672.