湖北恩施瓜德鲁普世晚期拉张断陷活动的角砾碎屑堆积证据
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摘要
华南中—上扬子区在中二叠世(瓜德鲁普世)晚期同时发育"孤峰组"硅泥质岩和"茅口组"灰岩两种截然不同的沉积相,可能与早期认为的"拉张断陷"台,盆分异有直接关系。在湖北恩施大山埫剖面茅口组海相灰岩沉积中,发育一套低成熟岩石特征的快速堆积角砾碎屑岩体,应为指示"拉张断陷"台—盆分异活动的直接证据。其下伏灰岩地层保存有瓜德鲁普世中—晚期的Chusenella、Neoschwagerina等类化石,而上覆厚层灰岩体保存的以类Yabeina为代表的特征分子组合,可基本确认该角砾碎屑堆积体的活动时间为中二叠世晚期(约相当于Capitanian期早期)。该角砾碎屑堆积体快速覆盖以薄层状白云质灰泥胶结角砾灰岩,分别指示该构造破碎活动快速发育与终止的特征。由此,在大山埫剖面中二叠世(瓜德鲁普世)晚期发育的角砾碎屑堆积体,是川东大巴山前缘—湘鄂西盆地同生"拉张断陷"台—盆分异活动存在的直接证据,应代表与中二叠世末期"东吴上升运动"主幕期相区分的前幕次构造活动。
Two distinct types of Middle Permian facies, the "Gufeng" siliceous mudstone and the "Maokou" limestone, developed in the Middle-Upper Yangtze region of South China. The different facies are usually attributed to the regional responses to a putative rifting movement in the Late Guadalupian(Middle Permian). A set of brecciaed-debris deposits occurs in the upper portion of the Maokou Limestone at the Dashanchong section of Enshi, Hubei Province. This breccia is characterized by low maturity and poor roundness, indicating that it was derived from adjacent sources near a rifting-fault belt. Fossils from underlying limestones are composed of the Early Capitanian fusulines such as Chusenella and Neoschwagerina. Fossils from overlying strata belong to the Late Guadalupian Yabeina biozone. Thus, the breccia can be dated to the Late Guadalupian(roughly equivalent to the Early Capitanian). Subsequent deposits that sharply overlie the breccia mainly consist of thinly-bedded dolomitic-lime marls with interbeded debris. Therefore, the depositional sequence of brecciaed debris represents a rapid accumulation event. We accordingly infer that the breccia deposition should be indicative of basin deformation in association with rifting movement, in the Eastern Sichuan to Xiang-E'xi region, during the Late Guadalupian. If so, the basin deformation should be recognized as a prelude to the main phase of the "Dongwu Uplift" during the latest Middle Permian.
Two distinct types of Middle Permian facies, the "Gufeng" siliceous mudstone and the "Maokou" limestone, developed in the Middle-Upper Yangtze region of South China. The different facies are usually attributed to the regional responses to a putative rifting movement in the Late Guadalupian(Middle Permian). A set of brecciaed-debris deposits occurs in the upper portion of the Maokou Limestone at the Dashanchong section of Enshi, Hubei Province. This breccia is characterized by low maturity and poor roundness, indicating that it was derived from adjacent sources near a rifting-fault belt. Fossils from underlying limestones are composed of the Early Capitanian fusulines such as Chusenella and Neoschwagerina. Fossils from overlying strata belong to the Late Guadalupian Yabeina biozone. Thus, the breccia can be dated to the Late Guadalupian(roughly equivalent to the Early Capitanian). Subsequent deposits that sharply overlie the breccia mainly consist of thinly-bedded dolomitic-lime marls with interbeded debris. Therefore, the depositional sequence of brecciaed debris represents a rapid accumulation event. We accordingly infer that the breccia deposition should be indicative of basin deformation in association with rifting movement, in the Eastern Sichuan to Xiang-E'xi region, during the Late Guadalupian. If so, the basin deformation should be recognized as a prelude to the main phase of the "Dongwu Uplift" during the latest Middle Permian.
引文
曹长群,章明圆,郑全锋,袁东勋,陈军,丁奕.2013.湖南桑植仁村坪二叠纪Capitanian期沉积地层及环境.地层学杂志,37(4):485-498.
陈立德,李志宏,黄照先,张开朗,段万军.2000.湖北建始黄岩二叠系孤峰组底部陆源碎屑岩的发现.地层学杂志,24(3):207-209.
冯少南.1991.东吴运动的新认识.现代地质,5(4):378-383.
郭伯康.1959.关于鸣山层层位与东吴运动问题的讨论.地质论评,19(3):142-144.
何斌,徐义刚,王雅玫,肖龙.2005.东吴运动性质的厘定及其时空演变规律.地球科学--中国地质大学学报,30(1):89-95.
胡世忠,2000.对孤峰组的新认识.火山地质与矿产,21(1):63-68.
湖北省地质矿产局.1984.中华人民共和国区域地质调查报告(1/20万)(恩施幅-五峰幅).
金玉玕,王向东,尚庆华,王玥,盛金章.1999.中国二叠纪年代地层划分和对比:地质学报,73(2):97-108.
李宏博,张招崇,吕林素,汪云峰,寇彩化,李永生,廖宝丽.2011.栖霞组和茅口组等厚图:对峨眉山地幔柱成因模式的指示意义.岩石学报,27(10):2963-2974.
李汝宁,古鸿信,闵永明.1980.大巴山前缘广元、旺苍、巫山地区早二叠世晚期孤峰组的发现.西南地质科技通讯,9:1-2.
李汝宁.1986.大巴山前缘上、下二叠统分解界的新认识--兼论“东吴运动”.四川地质学报,9(2):16-23.
李旭兵,曾雄伟,王传尚,刘安,白云山.2011.东吴运动的沉积学相应--以湘鄂西及临区二叠系茅口组顶部不整合面为例.地层学杂志,35(3):299-304.
李志宏,牛志军,陈立德,黄照先.2001.据牙形石论鄂西茅口组顶部古岩溶不整合面形成时代.地球学报,22(2):157-158.
牛志军,段其发,傅泰安,徐安武,曾波夫,朱应华.2000.湖北建始-巴东地区茅口组顶部古岩溶不整合面的发现.中国区域地质,19(3):276-281.
王家珍.1995.湖南二叠系的“南、北型”问题--兼论上、下二叠统的界线.上海师范大学学报(自然科学版),24(4):71-77.
夏邦栋,钟立荣,方中,吕洪波.1995.下扬子区早二叠世孤峰组层状硅质岩成因.地质学报,69(2):125-137.
朱洪发,秦德余,刘翠章.1989.论华南孤峰组和大隆组硅质岩成因、分布规律及其构造机制.石油实验地质,11(4):341-348.
Ali J R,Thompson G M,Song X Y&Wang Y L.2002.Emeishan basalts(SW China)and the‘end-Guadalupian’crisis:magneto-biostratigraphic constraints.Journal of the Geological Society,London,159:21-29.
Bagherpour B,Bucher H,Baud A,Brosse M,Vennemann T,Maritin R&Kuang G D.2017.Onset,development,and cessation of basal Early Triassic microbialites(BETM)in the Nanpanjiang pull-apart Basin,South China Block.Gondwana Research,44:178-204.
Groves J R&Wang Y.2013.Timing and size selectivities of the Guadalupian(Middle Permian)Fusulinoidean extinction.Journal of Paleontology,87(2):183-196.
Hallam A&Wignall P B.1999.Mass extinctions and sea-level changes.Earth Science Reviews,48:217-250.
He B,Xu Y G,Huang X L,Luo Z Y,Shi Y R,Yang Q J&Yu S Y.2007.Age and duration of the Emeishan flood volcanism,SW China:geochemistry and SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of silicic ignimbrites,post-volcanic Xuanwei Formation and clay tuff at the Chaotian section:Earth and Planetary Science Letters,255(3-4):306-323.
Isozaki Y,Kawahata H&Ota A.2007.A unique carbon isotope record across the Guadalupian-Lopingian(Middle-Upper Permian)boundary in mid-oceanic paleo-atoll carbonates:the high-productivity“Kamura event”and its collapse in Panthalassa.Global and Planetary Change,55:21-38.
Isozaki Y.2009.Integrated“plume winter”scenario for the double-phased extinction during the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition:The G-LB and P-TB events from a Panthalassan perspective.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,36(6):459-480.
Isozaki Y,Aljinovi?D&Kawahata H.2011.The Guadalupian(Permian)Kamura event in European Tethys.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,308:12-21.
Kani T,Hisanabe C&Isozaki Y.2013.The Capitanian(Permian)minimum of 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the mid-Panthalassan paleo-atoll carbonates and its demise by the deglaciation and continental doming.Gondwana Research,24(1):212-221.
Kofukuda D,Isozaki Y&Igo H.2014.A remarkable sea-level drop and relevant biotic responses across the Guadalupian-Lopingian(Permian)boundary in low-latitude mid-Panthalassa:irreversible changes recorded in accreted paleo-atoll limestones in Akasaka and Ishiyama,Japan.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,82:47-65.
Liu X C,Wang W,Shen S Z,Gorgij M N,Ye F C,Zhang Y C,Furuyama S,Kano A&Chen X Z.2013.Late Guadalupian to Lopingian(Permian)carbon and strontium isotopic chemostratigraphy in the Abadeh section,central Iran.Gondwana Research,24(1):222-232.
Mc Arthur J M,Howarth R J&Shields G A.2012.Strotium isotope stratigraphy//Gradstein F M,Ogg J G,Schmitz M D&Ogg G M.eds.The Geological Time Scale 2012.Volume 2.Amsterdam:Elsevier.127-144.
Menning M,Jin Y G&Shen S Z.1996.The Illawarra Reversal(265 Ma)in the marine Permian,Guangxi,South China.//Proceedings Abstracts to the 30th International Geological Congress,Beijing,Volume 2.9.
Ross C A&Ross J R P.1987.Late Paleozoic sea levels and depositional sequences//Ross C A&Haman D eds.Timing and depositional history of eustatic sequences:constraints on seismic stratigraphy.Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research,Special Publication,Volume 24,Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research.137-149.
Sun Y D,Wignall P B,Widdowson M,Ali J R,Jiang H,Wang W,Yan C,Bond D P.D&Vedrine S.2010.Dating the onset and nature of the Middle Permian Emeishan large igneous proince eruptions in SWChina using conodont biostratigraphy and its bearing on mantle plume uplift models.Lithos,119:20-33.
Veevers J J&Powell C M.1987.Late Paleozoic glacial episodes in Gondwanaland reflected in transgressive-regressive depositional sequences in Euramerica.Geological Society of America,Bulletin 98(4):475-487.
Vollstaedt H,Eisenhauer A,Wallmann K,B?hm F,Fietzke J,Liebetrau V,Krabbenh?ft A,Farka?J,Toma?ovych A,Raddatz J&Veizer J.2014.The Phanerozoicδ88Sr/86Sr record of seawater:new constraints on past changes in oceanic carbonate fluxes.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,128:249-265.
Wang Y,Luo Z H,Wu P,Chen L L&Hao J H.2014.A new interpretation of the sedimentary environment before and during eruption of the Emeishan LIP,Southwest China.International Geology Review,56(10):1295-1313.
Zhong Y T,He B&Xu Y G.2013.Mineralogy and geochemistry of claystones from the Guadalupian-Lopingian boundary at Penglaitan,South China:insights into the pre-Lopingian geological events.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,62:438-462.
Zhong Y T,He B,Mundil R&Xu Y G.2014.CA-TIMS zircon dating of felsic ignimbrite from the Binchuan section:implications for the termination age of Emeishan large igneous province.Lithos,204:14-19.
陈立德,李志宏,黄照先,张开朗,段万军.2000.湖北建始黄岩二叠系孤峰组底部陆源碎屑岩的发现.地层学杂志,24(3):207-209.
冯少南.1991.东吴运动的新认识.现代地质,5(4):378-383.
郭伯康.1959.关于鸣山层层位与东吴运动问题的讨论.地质论评,19(3):142-144.
何斌,徐义刚,王雅玫,肖龙.2005.东吴运动性质的厘定及其时空演变规律.地球科学--中国地质大学学报,30(1):89-95.
胡世忠,2000.对孤峰组的新认识.火山地质与矿产,21(1):63-68.
湖北省地质矿产局.1984.中华人民共和国区域地质调查报告(1/20万)(恩施幅-五峰幅).
金玉玕,王向东,尚庆华,王玥,盛金章.1999.中国二叠纪年代地层划分和对比:地质学报,73(2):97-108.
李宏博,张招崇,吕林素,汪云峰,寇彩化,李永生,廖宝丽.2011.栖霞组和茅口组等厚图:对峨眉山地幔柱成因模式的指示意义.岩石学报,27(10):2963-2974.
李汝宁,古鸿信,闵永明.1980.大巴山前缘广元、旺苍、巫山地区早二叠世晚期孤峰组的发现.西南地质科技通讯,9:1-2.
李汝宁.1986.大巴山前缘上、下二叠统分解界的新认识--兼论“东吴运动”.四川地质学报,9(2):16-23.
李旭兵,曾雄伟,王传尚,刘安,白云山.2011.东吴运动的沉积学相应--以湘鄂西及临区二叠系茅口组顶部不整合面为例.地层学杂志,35(3):299-304.
李志宏,牛志军,陈立德,黄照先.2001.据牙形石论鄂西茅口组顶部古岩溶不整合面形成时代.地球学报,22(2):157-158.
牛志军,段其发,傅泰安,徐安武,曾波夫,朱应华.2000.湖北建始-巴东地区茅口组顶部古岩溶不整合面的发现.中国区域地质,19(3):276-281.
王家珍.1995.湖南二叠系的“南、北型”问题--兼论上、下二叠统的界线.上海师范大学学报(自然科学版),24(4):71-77.
夏邦栋,钟立荣,方中,吕洪波.1995.下扬子区早二叠世孤峰组层状硅质岩成因.地质学报,69(2):125-137.
朱洪发,秦德余,刘翠章.1989.论华南孤峰组和大隆组硅质岩成因、分布规律及其构造机制.石油实验地质,11(4):341-348.
Ali J R,Thompson G M,Song X Y&Wang Y L.2002.Emeishan basalts(SW China)and the‘end-Guadalupian’crisis:magneto-biostratigraphic constraints.Journal of the Geological Society,London,159:21-29.
Bagherpour B,Bucher H,Baud A,Brosse M,Vennemann T,Maritin R&Kuang G D.2017.Onset,development,and cessation of basal Early Triassic microbialites(BETM)in the Nanpanjiang pull-apart Basin,South China Block.Gondwana Research,44:178-204.
Groves J R&Wang Y.2013.Timing and size selectivities of the Guadalupian(Middle Permian)Fusulinoidean extinction.Journal of Paleontology,87(2):183-196.
Hallam A&Wignall P B.1999.Mass extinctions and sea-level changes.Earth Science Reviews,48:217-250.
He B,Xu Y G,Huang X L,Luo Z Y,Shi Y R,Yang Q J&Yu S Y.2007.Age and duration of the Emeishan flood volcanism,SW China:geochemistry and SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of silicic ignimbrites,post-volcanic Xuanwei Formation and clay tuff at the Chaotian section:Earth and Planetary Science Letters,255(3-4):306-323.
Isozaki Y,Kawahata H&Ota A.2007.A unique carbon isotope record across the Guadalupian-Lopingian(Middle-Upper Permian)boundary in mid-oceanic paleo-atoll carbonates:the high-productivity“Kamura event”and its collapse in Panthalassa.Global and Planetary Change,55:21-38.
Isozaki Y.2009.Integrated“plume winter”scenario for the double-phased extinction during the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition:The G-LB and P-TB events from a Panthalassan perspective.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,36(6):459-480.
Isozaki Y,Aljinovi?D&Kawahata H.2011.The Guadalupian(Permian)Kamura event in European Tethys.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,308:12-21.
Kani T,Hisanabe C&Isozaki Y.2013.The Capitanian(Permian)minimum of 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the mid-Panthalassan paleo-atoll carbonates and its demise by the deglaciation and continental doming.Gondwana Research,24(1):212-221.
Kofukuda D,Isozaki Y&Igo H.2014.A remarkable sea-level drop and relevant biotic responses across the Guadalupian-Lopingian(Permian)boundary in low-latitude mid-Panthalassa:irreversible changes recorded in accreted paleo-atoll limestones in Akasaka and Ishiyama,Japan.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,82:47-65.
Liu X C,Wang W,Shen S Z,Gorgij M N,Ye F C,Zhang Y C,Furuyama S,Kano A&Chen X Z.2013.Late Guadalupian to Lopingian(Permian)carbon and strontium isotopic chemostratigraphy in the Abadeh section,central Iran.Gondwana Research,24(1):222-232.
Mc Arthur J M,Howarth R J&Shields G A.2012.Strotium isotope stratigraphy//Gradstein F M,Ogg J G,Schmitz M D&Ogg G M.eds.The Geological Time Scale 2012.Volume 2.Amsterdam:Elsevier.127-144.
Menning M,Jin Y G&Shen S Z.1996.The Illawarra Reversal(265 Ma)in the marine Permian,Guangxi,South China.//Proceedings Abstracts to the 30th International Geological Congress,Beijing,Volume 2.9.
Ross C A&Ross J R P.1987.Late Paleozoic sea levels and depositional sequences//Ross C A&Haman D eds.Timing and depositional history of eustatic sequences:constraints on seismic stratigraphy.Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research,Special Publication,Volume 24,Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research.137-149.
Sun Y D,Wignall P B,Widdowson M,Ali J R,Jiang H,Wang W,Yan C,Bond D P.D&Vedrine S.2010.Dating the onset and nature of the Middle Permian Emeishan large igneous proince eruptions in SWChina using conodont biostratigraphy and its bearing on mantle plume uplift models.Lithos,119:20-33.
Veevers J J&Powell C M.1987.Late Paleozoic glacial episodes in Gondwanaland reflected in transgressive-regressive depositional sequences in Euramerica.Geological Society of America,Bulletin 98(4):475-487.
Vollstaedt H,Eisenhauer A,Wallmann K,B?hm F,Fietzke J,Liebetrau V,Krabbenh?ft A,Farka?J,Toma?ovych A,Raddatz J&Veizer J.2014.The Phanerozoicδ88Sr/86Sr record of seawater:new constraints on past changes in oceanic carbonate fluxes.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,128:249-265.
Wang Y,Luo Z H,Wu P,Chen L L&Hao J H.2014.A new interpretation of the sedimentary environment before and during eruption of the Emeishan LIP,Southwest China.International Geology Review,56(10):1295-1313.
Zhong Y T,He B&Xu Y G.2013.Mineralogy and geochemistry of claystones from the Guadalupian-Lopingian boundary at Penglaitan,South China:insights into the pre-Lopingian geological events.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,62:438-462.
Zhong Y T,He B,Mundil R&Xu Y G.2014.CA-TIMS zircon dating of felsic ignimbrite from the Binchuan section:implications for the termination age of Emeishan large igneous province.Lithos,204:14-19.