Landsat长时间序列的阳澄湖湖面围网时空变化
|
摘要
准确提取湖泊围网区域的时空分布信息对湖泊的保护和可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以阳澄湖为研究区域,收集该地区1984年—2017年所有的Landsat 5和Landsat 8影像(共计396景),提出了结合光谱和纹理特征的围网提取新算法,同时利用时间序列滤波消除年际间因数据不一致造成的偏差。以高清影像人工解译作为参考,阳澄湖围网提取结果的生产者精度在72.57%—88.53%,用户者精度在79.79%—98.10%,围网面积变化与文献记录吻合。结果表明,阳澄湖围网经历了"无围网期"(1984年—1994年)、"快速增长期"(1994年—1998年)、"巅峰期"(1999年—2002年)、"快速下降期"(2003年—2006年)和"稳定期"(2007年—2017年)5个阶段,最高达到100 km2,目前稳定在30 km2;通过研究围网区植被指数发现,2002年之后围网区浮水植物的种植面积增大;通过对比水质数据发现,2002年至今持续15年的围网拆除并未使阳澄湖恢复到80年代无围网养殖时期的II类水,其水质依然处于Ⅲ—Ⅳ类。因此在湖泊养殖开发过程中,政府应该坚持可持续发展道路,在不破坏湖泊水质的基础上发展湖泊经济。
Accurate extraction of temporal–spatial information of the enclosure culture area is important to the protection and sustainable development of a lake. In this study, we presented a new method to extract enclosure culture area with long-term Landsat time series. First,we collected all the available Landsat 5 and 8 scenes over Yangcheng Lake from 1984 to 2017(a total number of scenes of 396). Then, a new algorithm using spectral and texture information was proposed to extract the enclosure culture area. Furthermore, a temporal filter was designed to smooth the time-series results for eliminating the deviation caused by data inconsistency between years. Finally, the manually determined enclosure culture area based on the Google Earth high-resolution image was used as the ground truth reference. Results showed that the producer's accuracies of the final results were between 72.57% and 88.53%, whereas the user's accuracies were between 79.79%and 98.10% for three selected years(i.e., 2002, 2010, and 2015). The enclosure culture area in Yangcheng Lake had experienced five stages:no-enclosure culture(1984–1994), rapidly growing(1994–1998), peak(1999–2002), rapidly declining(2003–2006), and stability(2007–2017), with the largest area up to 100 km2 and the current area maintained to 30 km2. By studying the vegetation index(normalized difference vegetation index in this study) of the enclosure culture area, we found that the amount of float vegetation grown significantly after2002. Comparison with the water quality data showed that the water quality of Yangcheng Lake had not improved significantly since it reached IV level in 2003, although the enclosure culture area had been decreasing since 2002. Therefore, in the development of lake culture,the government should insist on sustainable development and develop the lake economy while maintaining the lake water quality.
Accurate extraction of temporal–spatial information of the enclosure culture area is important to the protection and sustainable development of a lake. In this study, we presented a new method to extract enclosure culture area with long-term Landsat time series. First,we collected all the available Landsat 5 and 8 scenes over Yangcheng Lake from 1984 to 2017(a total number of scenes of 396). Then, a new algorithm using spectral and texture information was proposed to extract the enclosure culture area. Furthermore, a temporal filter was designed to smooth the time-series results for eliminating the deviation caused by data inconsistency between years. Finally, the manually determined enclosure culture area based on the Google Earth high-resolution image was used as the ground truth reference. Results showed that the producer's accuracies of the final results were between 72.57% and 88.53%, whereas the user's accuracies were between 79.79%and 98.10% for three selected years(i.e., 2002, 2010, and 2015). The enclosure culture area in Yangcheng Lake had experienced five stages:no-enclosure culture(1984–1994), rapidly growing(1994–1998), peak(1999–2002), rapidly declining(2003–2006), and stability(2007–2017), with the largest area up to 100 km2 and the current area maintained to 30 km2. By studying the vegetation index(normalized difference vegetation index in this study) of the enclosure culture area, we found that the amount of float vegetation grown significantly after2002. Comparison with the water quality data showed that the water quality of Yangcheng Lake had not improved significantly since it reached IV level in 2003, although the enclosure culture area had been decreasing since 2002. Therefore, in the development of lake culture,the government should insist on sustainable development and develop the lake economy while maintaining the lake water quality.
引文
Chen T.2009.Water source protection and fishey economy--A case study of the shrinking incident of seine cultivation in Yangcheng Lake.Symposium on China Environmental Sociology.Nanjing:Chinese Sociological Association,CSA,Hohai University:402-408(陈涛.2009.水源保护与水产经济--以阳澄湖大闸蟹围网养殖“缩水”事件为例//第二届中国环境社会学研讨会论文集.南京:中国社会学学会,河海大学:402-408)
Chen X J,Ye J S and Wang Q.2011.The collocatin of aquatic weeds in crab culture.Farmer Rich,(11):41(陈小江,叶建生,王权.2011.河蟹养殖中的水草搭配.农家致富,(11):41)
Chen X L and Yang H J.2001.Selection of aquatic plants in shrimp and crab culture.Fishery Guide to be Rich,(15):41(陈晓兰,杨华军.2001.虾蟹养殖中水草的选择.渔业致富指南,(15):41)
Chu M M.2004.Discussion on protecting the water quality of Yangchenghu Lake.Jiangsu Water Resources,12(12):36-37(楚敏明.2004.浅议保护阳澄湖水质的对策措施.江苏水利,12(12):36-37)[DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7839.2004.12.017]
Ding N.2015.Research of Water Enviroment and Carring Capacity in the West Yangcheng Lake.Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University(丁娜.2015.阳澄西湖水环境及其养殖容量的研究.南京:南京农业大学)
Feyisa G L,Meilby H,Fensholt R and Proud S.2014.Automated Water Extraction Index:a new technique for surface water mapping using Landsat imagery.Remote Sensing of Environment,140:23-35[DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.029]
Huang S,Song K H,Luo J H,Zhao J L and Ma R H.2017.A remote sensing extraction algorithm of enclosure culture area in shallow lakes based on gradient transform.Journal of Lake Sciences,29(2):490-497(黄帅,宋开宏,罗菊花,赵晋陵,马荣华.2017.基于梯度变换的浅水湖泊围网区遥感提取算法.湖泊科学,29(2):490-497)[DOI:10.18307/2017.0225]
Ji L Y,Gong P,Geng X R and Zhao Y C.2015.Improving the accuracy of the water surface cover type in the 30 m FROM-GLCproduct.Remote Sensing,7(10):13507-13527[DOI:10.3390/rs71013507]
Li J J,He L H,Dai J F and Li J L.2006.Extract enclosure culture in lakes based on remote sensing image texture information.Journal of Lake Sciences,18(4):337-342(李俊杰,何隆华,戴锦芳,李金莲.2006.基于遥感影像纹理信息的湖泊围网养殖区提取.湖泊科学,18(4):337-342)[DOI:10.18307/2006.0403]
Li S F,Cai W Q,Zou S M,Li C H,Zhao J L,Wang C H and Chen G J.2000.Quality analysis of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis in Yangchenghu Lake.Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,7(3):71-74(李思发,蔡完其,邹曙明,李晨虹,赵金良,王成辉,陈桂娟.2000.阳澄湖中华绒螯蟹品质分析.中国水产科学,7(3):71-74)[DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1005-8737.2000.03.016]
Liang Y.2005.Study on sustainable development of Yangchenghu hairy crabs aquaculture.Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University(梁源.2005.阳澄湖大闸蟹养殖业可持续发展研究.上海:上海水产大学)
McFeeters S K.1996.The use of the Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI)in the delineation of open water features.International Journal of Remote Sensing,17(7):1425-1432[DOI:10.1080/01431169608948714]
Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnlogy,Chinese Academy of Sciences.2015.Atlas of Lakes Distribution in China.Beijing:Science Press(中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所.2015.中国湖泊分布地图集.北京:科学出版社)
Ohanian P and Dubes R C.1992.Performance evaluation for four classes of textural features.Pattern Recognition,25(8):819-833[DOI:10.1016/0031-3203(92)90036-I]
Qin W,Ma Y K and Liu W R.2004.Feeding ecology of Eriocheir sinensis in net-enclosure in Yancheng lake.Freshwater Fisheries,34(1):25-27(秦伟,马玉舸,刘伟荣.2004.阳澄湖围网养殖中华绒螯蟹的摄食生态初步研究.淡水渔业,34(1):25-27)[DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6907.2004.01.009]
Sun F D,Zhao Y Y,Gong P,Ma R H and Dai Y J.2014.Monitoring dynamic changes of global land cover types:fluctuations of major lakes in China every 8 days during 2000-2010.Chinese Science Bulletin,59(2):171-189[DOI:10.1007/s11434-013-0045-0]
Tang Y G.2010.Water Quality Status of Yangcheng Lake and Initial Study on Ecological Crab Culture.Suzhou:Soochow University(汤永刚.2010.阳澄湖水质现状及河蟹生态养殖技术初步研究.苏州:苏州大学)
Wang D Y,Feng X Z,Zhou L G,Hao J Y and Xu X X.2008.Relationship between blue algal bloom and water temperature in Lake Taihu based on MODIS.Journal of Lake Sciences,20(2):173-178(王得玉,冯学智,周立国,郝景燕,徐晓雄.2008.太湖蓝藻爆发与水温的关系的MODIS遥感.湖泊科学,20(2):173-178)[DOI:10.18307/2008.0206]
Wang J and Gao J F.2008.Extraction of enclosure culture in Gehu Lake based on correspondence analysis.Journal of Remote Sensing,12(5):716-723(王静,高俊峰.2008.基于对应分析的湖泊围网养殖范围提取.遥感学报,12(5):716-723)[DOI:10.11834/jrs.20080593]
Xu H Q.2006.Modification of normalised difference water index(ND-WI)to enhance open water features in remotely sensed imagery.International Journal of Remote Sensing,27(14):3025-3033[DOI:10.1080/01431160600589179]
Chen X J,Ye J S and Wang Q.2011.The collocatin of aquatic weeds in crab culture.Farmer Rich,(11):41(陈小江,叶建生,王权.2011.河蟹养殖中的水草搭配.农家致富,(11):41)
Chen X L and Yang H J.2001.Selection of aquatic plants in shrimp and crab culture.Fishery Guide to be Rich,(15):41(陈晓兰,杨华军.2001.虾蟹养殖中水草的选择.渔业致富指南,(15):41)
Chu M M.2004.Discussion on protecting the water quality of Yangchenghu Lake.Jiangsu Water Resources,12(12):36-37(楚敏明.2004.浅议保护阳澄湖水质的对策措施.江苏水利,12(12):36-37)[DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7839.2004.12.017]
Ding N.2015.Research of Water Enviroment and Carring Capacity in the West Yangcheng Lake.Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University(丁娜.2015.阳澄西湖水环境及其养殖容量的研究.南京:南京农业大学)
Feyisa G L,Meilby H,Fensholt R and Proud S.2014.Automated Water Extraction Index:a new technique for surface water mapping using Landsat imagery.Remote Sensing of Environment,140:23-35[DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.029]
Huang S,Song K H,Luo J H,Zhao J L and Ma R H.2017.A remote sensing extraction algorithm of enclosure culture area in shallow lakes based on gradient transform.Journal of Lake Sciences,29(2):490-497(黄帅,宋开宏,罗菊花,赵晋陵,马荣华.2017.基于梯度变换的浅水湖泊围网区遥感提取算法.湖泊科学,29(2):490-497)[DOI:10.18307/2017.0225]
Ji L Y,Gong P,Geng X R and Zhao Y C.2015.Improving the accuracy of the water surface cover type in the 30 m FROM-GLCproduct.Remote Sensing,7(10):13507-13527[DOI:10.3390/rs71013507]
Li J J,He L H,Dai J F and Li J L.2006.Extract enclosure culture in lakes based on remote sensing image texture information.Journal of Lake Sciences,18(4):337-342(李俊杰,何隆华,戴锦芳,李金莲.2006.基于遥感影像纹理信息的湖泊围网养殖区提取.湖泊科学,18(4):337-342)[DOI:10.18307/2006.0403]
Li S F,Cai W Q,Zou S M,Li C H,Zhao J L,Wang C H and Chen G J.2000.Quality analysis of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis in Yangchenghu Lake.Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,7(3):71-74(李思发,蔡完其,邹曙明,李晨虹,赵金良,王成辉,陈桂娟.2000.阳澄湖中华绒螯蟹品质分析.中国水产科学,7(3):71-74)[DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1005-8737.2000.03.016]
Liang Y.2005.Study on sustainable development of Yangchenghu hairy crabs aquaculture.Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University(梁源.2005.阳澄湖大闸蟹养殖业可持续发展研究.上海:上海水产大学)
McFeeters S K.1996.The use of the Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI)in the delineation of open water features.International Journal of Remote Sensing,17(7):1425-1432[DOI:10.1080/01431169608948714]
Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnlogy,Chinese Academy of Sciences.2015.Atlas of Lakes Distribution in China.Beijing:Science Press(中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所.2015.中国湖泊分布地图集.北京:科学出版社)
Ohanian P and Dubes R C.1992.Performance evaluation for four classes of textural features.Pattern Recognition,25(8):819-833[DOI:10.1016/0031-3203(92)90036-I]
Qin W,Ma Y K and Liu W R.2004.Feeding ecology of Eriocheir sinensis in net-enclosure in Yancheng lake.Freshwater Fisheries,34(1):25-27(秦伟,马玉舸,刘伟荣.2004.阳澄湖围网养殖中华绒螯蟹的摄食生态初步研究.淡水渔业,34(1):25-27)[DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6907.2004.01.009]
Sun F D,Zhao Y Y,Gong P,Ma R H and Dai Y J.2014.Monitoring dynamic changes of global land cover types:fluctuations of major lakes in China every 8 days during 2000-2010.Chinese Science Bulletin,59(2):171-189[DOI:10.1007/s11434-013-0045-0]
Tang Y G.2010.Water Quality Status of Yangcheng Lake and Initial Study on Ecological Crab Culture.Suzhou:Soochow University(汤永刚.2010.阳澄湖水质现状及河蟹生态养殖技术初步研究.苏州:苏州大学)
Wang D Y,Feng X Z,Zhou L G,Hao J Y and Xu X X.2008.Relationship between blue algal bloom and water temperature in Lake Taihu based on MODIS.Journal of Lake Sciences,20(2):173-178(王得玉,冯学智,周立国,郝景燕,徐晓雄.2008.太湖蓝藻爆发与水温的关系的MODIS遥感.湖泊科学,20(2):173-178)[DOI:10.18307/2008.0206]
Wang J and Gao J F.2008.Extraction of enclosure culture in Gehu Lake based on correspondence analysis.Journal of Remote Sensing,12(5):716-723(王静,高俊峰.2008.基于对应分析的湖泊围网养殖范围提取.遥感学报,12(5):716-723)[DOI:10.11834/jrs.20080593]
Xu H Q.2006.Modification of normalised difference water index(ND-WI)to enhance open water features in remotely sensed imagery.International Journal of Remote Sensing,27(14):3025-3033[DOI:10.1080/01431160600589179]