黔东南两次冷锋低槽型降水对比分析
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摘要
利用常规气象观测资料,分析对比2016年8月31日—9月1日与9月9—10日黔东南地区出现的一般性降雨和区域性暴雨天气过程。探讨两次过程降雨发生发展的天气学条件差异。结果表明:两次降水过程均属于冷锋低槽型降水,降水发生前,黔东南受热低压控制,以晴好天气为主,冷空气都是从西北路径入侵,锋面过境时地面辐合线触发降水的发生发展,降水带主要发生在中低层切变线附近,850 h Pa风速有所加强,但未达到急流强度,对降雨的强度有一定的制约。两次过程都存在降水范围大、时间长的特点。所不同的是:降水强度前者弱,后者强,两次降雨过程中低层影响的天气系统存在不同,8月31日降雨的低层影响系统为贵州西南部发展的低涡系统,黔东南上空850 h Pa形势场出现弱的辐合区;9月9日降雨的低层影响系统为明显的辐合性切变线,存在多个呈东北—西南向的以带状分布的对流系统。通过对两次冷锋低槽型降水讨论得出,黔东南冷锋低槽型暴雨预报应着眼于影响贵州的强涡度中心的建立和加强以及其移动路径。
Based on the conventional meteorological observation data,the process of general rainfall and regional rainstorm in Southeast Guizhou between the following two periods: August 31,2016 to September 1 and September 9 to 10 was analyzed contrastively to discuss the differences in the synoptic conditions during the process of the two rainfalls. Results show that the two precipitation are cold-front and low-trough. Before the precipitation,the area is dominated by fine weather due to the thermal low,with the cold air intruding from the northwest. Accompanying the front passage,the surface convergence line triggers the precipitation. The precipitation area is located near the low-level shear line,and the wind speed 850 hPa gains its intensity without reaching the rapids degree,which limits the intensity of the precipitation to some degree. Both precipitation cover wide range and last long time. The difference lies in the intensity and the low-level influence system. The first precipitation is of more intensity than the second one. The low-level impact system of the first precipitation is the low-vortex system developed in the southwest Guizhou,and the 850 hPa potential field is located over the southeast Guizhou while the influence system of the second precipitation is an obvious convergent shear line with many convective systems,presenting banded distribution through northeast to southwest. Based on the discussion of two cold-front low-trough precipitation,its forecast in southeast Guizhou should focus on the establishment and strengthening of the strong vorticity center and its moving path.
Based on the conventional meteorological observation data,the process of general rainfall and regional rainstorm in Southeast Guizhou between the following two periods: August 31,2016 to September 1 and September 9 to 10 was analyzed contrastively to discuss the differences in the synoptic conditions during the process of the two rainfalls. Results show that the two precipitation are cold-front and low-trough. Before the precipitation,the area is dominated by fine weather due to the thermal low,with the cold air intruding from the northwest. Accompanying the front passage,the surface convergence line triggers the precipitation. The precipitation area is located near the low-level shear line,and the wind speed 850 hPa gains its intensity without reaching the rapids degree,which limits the intensity of the precipitation to some degree. Both precipitation cover wide range and last long time. The difference lies in the intensity and the low-level influence system. The first precipitation is of more intensity than the second one. The low-level impact system of the first precipitation is the low-vortex system developed in the southwest Guizhou,and the 850 hPa potential field is located over the southeast Guizhou while the influence system of the second precipitation is an obvious convergent shear line with many convective systems,presenting banded distribution through northeast to southwest. Based on the discussion of two cold-front low-trough precipitation,its forecast in southeast Guizhou should focus on the establishment and strengthening of the strong vorticity center and its moving path.
引文
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[2]陈红专,叶成志,等. 2011年6月湖南两次暴雨过程的中尺度特征对比分析[J].气象,2013,39(12):1580-1590.
[3]管勇,刘玉明,胡丽华,等.广东两次特大暴雨成因的诊断对比[J].气象科技,2010,38(5):565-571.
[4]李强,王中,白莹莹,等.一次区域性大暴雨过程中尺度诊断分析[J].气象科技,2011,39(4):453-461.
[5]井喜,陈见,胡春娟,等.广西和贵州MCC暴雨过程综合分析[J].高原气象,2009,28(2):335-351.
[6]伍红雨.贵州一次大暴雨过程的中尺度数值模拟与诊断分析[J].暴雨灾害,2007,26(4):361-368.
[7]张艳梅,杨宏宇,彭芳,等.贵州中西部两次区域性暴雨成因对比分析[J].贵州气象,2016,40(01):7-11.
[8]杜小玲. 2012年贵州暴雨的中尺度环境场分析及短期预报着眼点[J].气象,2013,39(1):861-873.
[9]周明飞,杜小玲,熊伟.贵州初夏两次暧区暴雨的对比分析[J].气象,2014,40(2):186-195.
[10]白慧,邓学军,池再香.黔东南州一次连续性暴雨天气过程分析[J].贵州气象,2006,25(02):6-8.
[11]白慧,李路长,周艳,等.一次高低空急流脉动与短时强降雨的关系[J].贵州气象,2013,37(06):8-11.
[12]顾清源,周春花,青泉,等.一次西南低涡特大暴雨过程的中尺度特征分析[J].气象,2008,34(4):39-47.
[13]池再香,杜正静,熊应祥,等.贵州西部两场典型暴雨个例对比分析[J].贵州气象,2012,36(5):3-8.
[14]罗建英,摩胜石,黄归兰,等.广西前汛期锋前暖区暴雨过程的模拟与分析[J].气象,2009,35(10)-50-57.
[15]熊方,王元.典型高影响天气系统之西南热低压研究Ⅰ[J].热带气象学报,2008,(4):391-399.
[16]杨静,汪超,雷云,等.春季西南热低压的发生发展与结构特征[J].气象,2013,39(2):146-155.