2017年8月萍乡地区连续性雷暴大风过程分析
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摘要
利用常规观测资料、探空资料、多普勒天气雷达基本产品及导出产品,分析了2017年8月中旬萍乡地区雷暴大风天气过程,并选取了其中最强的一次过程进行了细致的分析。结果表明,"北低槽、南副高"的环流形势是此次长时间雷暴大风的环流背景,萍乡受"上下一致"的西南急流控制,中低层切变线、西南急流导致了强对流不稳定;低层逆温、"上干冷、下暖湿"以及风垂直切变的垂直结构,为雷暴大风的产生提供了层结条件和能量条件;地面热低压和地面辐合线、干线等是此次雷暴大风的触发机制。飑线过境,气象要素变化剧烈,在"人"字形回波附近,回波断裂处等区域容易产生强雷暴大风天气。强回波高度迅速下降、拖曳作用、动量下传、中层干暖空气的夹卷及蒸发作用、一定强度的中层径向辐合等多种因素导致了此次地面大风。垂直累积液态含水量、最大反射率因子、风暴顶高的持续下降,对地面大风天气的预报具有一定的指示意义。
Based on conventional observation data,sounding data,Doppler weather radar basic products and exported products,the thunderstorm process in Pingxiang area in mid August 2017 was analyzed and discussed in detail.The study showed that the pattern of subtropical high in the south and low through in the north was the circulation background of this long-time thunderstorm.Pingxiang was controlled by southwest jet stream,and the strong convective instability in Pingxiang was caused by the middle-low level shear line and southwest jet stream.Low-level temperature inversion,"dry-cold at higher level and warm-wet at lower level"and the shear of wind in vertical structure provided the atmospheric stratification and energy conditions for the thunderstorm.Thermal depression,convergence line and dry line on the ground were the trigger of thunderstorm.When the squall line crossing,meteorological elements varied dramatically,which was prone to producing strong thunderstorm in the vicinity of herringbone echoes and echo faults.Rapid decline of strong echo height,draft effect,downward momentum,the entrainment and evaporation of dry warm air in the middle layer,and radial convergence characteristics of middle layer caused the ground gale.When the vertically accumulated liquid water,maximum reflectivity and the height of storm decreased continually,it was indicative of the occurrence of ground gale prediction.
Based on conventional observation data,sounding data,Doppler weather radar basic products and exported products,the thunderstorm process in Pingxiang area in mid August 2017 was analyzed and discussed in detail.The study showed that the pattern of subtropical high in the south and low through in the north was the circulation background of this long-time thunderstorm.Pingxiang was controlled by southwest jet stream,and the strong convective instability in Pingxiang was caused by the middle-low level shear line and southwest jet stream.Low-level temperature inversion,"dry-cold at higher level and warm-wet at lower level"and the shear of wind in vertical structure provided the atmospheric stratification and energy conditions for the thunderstorm.Thermal depression,convergence line and dry line on the ground were the trigger of thunderstorm.When the squall line crossing,meteorological elements varied dramatically,which was prone to producing strong thunderstorm in the vicinity of herringbone echoes and echo faults.Rapid decline of strong echo height,draft effect,downward momentum,the entrainment and evaporation of dry warm air in the middle layer,and radial convergence characteristics of middle layer caused the ground gale.When the vertically accumulated liquid water,maximum reflectivity and the height of storm decreased continually,it was indicative of the occurrence of ground gale prediction.
引文
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俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊廷南,等.2007.多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用[M].北京:气象出版社:155-170.Yu X D,Yao X P,Xiong TN,et al.2007.The principle and business application of Doppler weather radar[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press:155-170(in Chinese)
俞小鼎,张爱民,郑媛媛,等.2016.一次系列下击暴流事件的多普勒雷达分析[J].应用气象学报,17(4):385-393.Yu X D,Zhang A M,Zheng Y Y.2016.Doppler radar analysis of a series of lower burst flow events[J].J Appl Meteor Sci,17(4):385-393.(in Chinese)
郑婧,许爱华,应冬梅,等.2009.江西夏季雷电天气热力条件及不稳定指数对比分析[J].气象与减灾研究,32(2):27-32.Zheng J,Xu A H,Ying D M,et al.2009.The contrast of thermal conditon and instability index for thunderstorm in summer of Jiangxi[J].Meteor Disaster Reduction Res,32(2):27-33.(in Chinese)
Fujita T T.1978.Manual of downburst identification for project NIMROD[C]//Satellite and Mesometeorology Research Paper No.156,Department of Geophysical Sciences University of Chicago.
郭艳.2007.江西一次突发性局地强对流天气的雷达回波特征分析[J].气象与减灾研究,30(1):30-36.Guo Y.2007.Analysis of the characteristics of radar echo of a local emergent severe converction in Jiangxi province[J].Meteor Disaster Reduction Res,30(1):30-36.(in Chinese)
郭艳,彭义峰.2008.江西省局地强对流天气的多普勒天气雷达产品特征分析[J].气象与减灾研究,31(2):48-52.Guo Y,Peng YF.2008.Doppler weather radar products characteristics of emergent local convections in Jiangxi[J].Meteor Disaster Reduction Res,31(2):48-52.(in Chinese)
李耀东,刘健文,高守亭.2004.动力和能量参数在强对流天气预报中的应用研究[J].气象学报,62(4):401-409.Li Y D,Liu JW,Gao S T.2004.On the progress of application for dynamic and energetic convective parameters associated with severe convective weather forecasting[J].Acta Meteorol Sin,62(4):401-409.(in Chinese)
刘献耀,刘芳,许爱华.2009.江西省春夏季强对流天气气候特征[J].气象与减灾研究,32(4):50-56.Liu Y X,Xu A H,Liu F.2009.Climatic characteristics of severe convective weather in spring and summer in Jiangxi[J].Meteor Disaster Reduction Res,32(4):50-56.(in Chinese)
马中元,叶小峰,张瑛,等.2011.江西三类致灾大风天气活动与回波特征分析[J].气象,37(9):1108-1117.Ma Z Y,Ye X F,Zhang Y,et al.2011.Analysis on three types of hazard wind activities and echo characteristics in Jiangxi[J].Meteor Mon,37(9):1108-1117.(in Chinese)
王秀玲,张莉.2016.冀东地区“9.27”雷暴大风的雷达回波特征[J].中国农学通报,32(11):121-126.Wang X L,Zhang L.2016.Radar echo characteristics of“9.27”thunderstorm wind in the east of Hebei province[J].Chin Agric Bull,32(11):121-126.(in Chinese)
王彦,吕江津,王庆元,等.2006.一次雷暴大风的中尺度结构特征分析[J].气象,32(2):75-80.Wang Y,Lv J J,Wang Q Y,et al.2006.Analysis of meso-scale structure of a thunderstrom[J].Meteor Mon,32(2):75-80
许爱华,应冬梅,黄祖辉.2007.江西两种典型强对流天气的雷达回波特征分析[J].气象与减灾研究,30(2):23-27.Xu A H,Ying D M,Huang Z H.2007.Comparative analysis on Doppler weather radar products of two kinds of severe convection in Jiangxi province[J].Meteor Disaster Reduction Res,30(2):23-27.(in Chinese)
应冬梅,许爱华,彭江华,等.2008.江西一次超级单体风暴的多普勒天气雷达产品分析[J].气象与减灾研究,31(4):13-17.Ying D M,Xu A H,et al.2008.Analysis of a supercell from Doppler weather radar producet[J].Meteor Disaster Reduction Res,31(4):13-17.(in Chinese)
俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊廷南,等.2007.多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用[M].北京:气象出版社:155-170.Yu X D,Yao X P,Xiong TN,et al.2007.The principle and business application of Doppler weather radar[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press:155-170(in Chinese)
俞小鼎,张爱民,郑媛媛,等.2016.一次系列下击暴流事件的多普勒雷达分析[J].应用气象学报,17(4):385-393.Yu X D,Zhang A M,Zheng Y Y.2016.Doppler radar analysis of a series of lower burst flow events[J].J Appl Meteor Sci,17(4):385-393.(in Chinese)
郑婧,许爱华,应冬梅,等.2009.江西夏季雷电天气热力条件及不稳定指数对比分析[J].气象与减灾研究,32(2):27-32.Zheng J,Xu A H,Ying D M,et al.2009.The contrast of thermal conditon and instability index for thunderstorm in summer of Jiangxi[J].Meteor Disaster Reduction Res,32(2):27-33.(in Chinese)