五脏、六腑与十二经脉理论之间的矛盾与融汇
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摘要
分析五脏、六腑和十二经脉之间的矛盾。五脏与六腑,一阴一阳,互为表里,但两者的数目明显不匹配。十二经脉与脏腑相络属,但五脏与六腑直接相加为十一,明显与十二不对等。因此,《黄帝内经》中的五脏、六腑和十二经脉理论应该有着不同的渊源。首先,五脏的设立是为了与五行相对应;其次,六腑的设置原本就不是为了与五脏、五行相对应;再者,十二经脉也不是为了与五脏相对应,而是以阴阳三分为标准,改造五脏,又融合六腑。《黄帝内经》的集结者以汉代盛行的阴阳五行学说为标准,对它们进行了改造和结合,实现了不同学派学术思想的融汇。
There are conflicts among five Zang-viscera,six Fu-viscera and twelve channels. Five Zang-viscera and six Fu-viscera represent yin and yang respectively and they are the exterior or interior of each other,but the number of five and six does not match obviously. The twelve channels correspond to the zang-fu viscera,but the five Zang-viscera and six Fu-viscera directly add up to eleven,which is obviously not equal to twelve. Therefore,the theory of five Zang-viscera,six Fu-viscera and twelve channels in Huangdi's Internal Classic should have different origins. Firstly,the five Zang-viscera were set up to correspond to the five elements. Secondly,the setting of the six Fu-viscera was not originally intended to correspond to the five Zang-viscera and five elements. Thirdly,the twelve channels were not designed to correspond to the five Zang-viscera,but to transform the five Zang-viscera and integrate the six Fu-viscera according to the criterion of trichotomy of yin and yang. Above all,the editors of Huangdi's Internal Classic took the prevailing yin-yang and five elements doctrine of the Han Dynasty as the standard,reformed and combined them,and realized the integration of academic thoughts of different schools.
There are conflicts among five Zang-viscera,six Fu-viscera and twelve channels. Five Zang-viscera and six Fu-viscera represent yin and yang respectively and they are the exterior or interior of each other,but the number of five and six does not match obviously. The twelve channels correspond to the zang-fu viscera,but the five Zang-viscera and six Fu-viscera directly add up to eleven,which is obviously not equal to twelve. Therefore,the theory of five Zang-viscera,six Fu-viscera and twelve channels in Huangdi's Internal Classic should have different origins. Firstly,the five Zang-viscera were set up to correspond to the five elements. Secondly,the setting of the six Fu-viscera was not originally intended to correspond to the five Zang-viscera and five elements. Thirdly,the twelve channels were not designed to correspond to the five Zang-viscera,but to transform the five Zang-viscera and integrate the six Fu-viscera according to the criterion of trichotomy of yin and yang. Above all,the editors of Huangdi's Internal Classic took the prevailing yin-yang and five elements doctrine of the Han Dynasty as the standard,reformed and combined them,and realized the integration of academic thoughts of different schools.
引文
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[2]梁繁荣,曾芳,周兴兰,等.成都老官山出土经穴髹漆人像初探[J].中国针灸,2015,35(1):93.
[3]张介宾.类经[M].郭洪耀,吴少祯,校注.北京:中国中医药出版社,1997:81.
[4]刘鹏.中医学身体观解读———肾与命门理论的建构与演变[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2013:182.
[5]白奚.中国古代阴阳与五行说的合流———《管子》阴阳五行思想新探[J].中国社会科学,1997(5):34.