考虑三维片理效应的板岩巴西劈裂试验研究
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摘要
含片理板岩在物理力学特性方面表现出明显的各向异性。综合考虑片理角度(?)和加载方向(θ)两个影响因素开展板岩巴西劈裂试验,对片理面的三维结构效应进行深入研究。结果表明:(1)片理面三维结构效应对板岩力学强度和破坏特征有显著影响,不同片理角度条件下巴西劈裂强度随加载方向的变化趋势有明显差异。(2)在片理角度较小或较大的情况下,即0°≤?≤15°或75°≤?≤90°,破坏面的三维空间效应不明显,圆盘正反两面的宏观裂纹具有一定的相似性;当?和θ均位于[30°,60°]内,2种因素的耦合作用使破坏面呈现三维空间分布的特点,圆盘正反两面的宏观裂纹呈现近似反对称的位置关系。(3)板岩在巴西劈裂试验中的储能能力与片理角度呈负相关关系,与巴西劈裂强度呈正相关关系。(4)片理角度对巴西劈裂强度的影响更显著,加载方向对破坏形式的影响更显著。随片理角度增加,巴西劈裂强度和能量的各向异性比均呈现增大的趋势,即各向异性越来越明显。研究成果可为横观各向同性岩石张拉力学特性分析提供参考和试验依据。
The slate with foliations exhibits significant anisotropies in terms of physical and mechanical properties. Brazilian splitting tests were carried out considering two factors such as the foliation angle and the loading direction,and the three-dimensional structure effects of foliation planes were studied in depth. The results show that the three-dimensional structure effects of foliation planes have a significant influence on the mechanical strength and failure characteristics of slate and that the variation trends of Brazilian splitting strength with loading direction are obviously different at different foliation angles. When the foliation angle ranges from 0°to 15° or from 75°to 90°,the three-dimensional spatial effect of the fracture surface is not obvious and the macroscopic cracks on both sides of the disc have certain similarities. When both the foliation angle and the loading direction are in the range of 30° to 60°,however,the fracture surfaces present a three-dimensional spatial distribution due to the coupling effect of the two factors and the macroscopic cracks formed on both sides of the disc exhibit an approximately anti-symmetric positional relationship. The energy storage capacity of slate in Brazilian splitting tests is negatively correlated with the foliation angle but positively with the Brazilian splitting strength. It is also revealed that the foliation angle and the loading direction respectively have more significant effects on the Brazilian splitting strength and the fracture pattern,and that,with increasing the foliation angle,the anisotropy ratios of the Brazilian splitting strength and the energy show an increasing trend. The research results can provide a reference for the analysis of tensile mechanical properties of transversely isotropic rocks.
The slate with foliations exhibits significant anisotropies in terms of physical and mechanical properties. Brazilian splitting tests were carried out considering two factors such as the foliation angle and the loading direction,and the three-dimensional structure effects of foliation planes were studied in depth. The results show that the three-dimensional structure effects of foliation planes have a significant influence on the mechanical strength and failure characteristics of slate and that the variation trends of Brazilian splitting strength with loading direction are obviously different at different foliation angles. When the foliation angle ranges from 0°to 15° or from 75°to 90°,the three-dimensional spatial effect of the fracture surface is not obvious and the macroscopic cracks on both sides of the disc have certain similarities. When both the foliation angle and the loading direction are in the range of 30° to 60°,however,the fracture surfaces present a three-dimensional spatial distribution due to the coupling effect of the two factors and the macroscopic cracks formed on both sides of the disc exhibit an approximately anti-symmetric positional relationship. The energy storage capacity of slate in Brazilian splitting tests is negatively correlated with the foliation angle but positively with the Brazilian splitting strength. It is also revealed that the foliation angle and the loading direction respectively have more significant effects on the Brazilian splitting strength and the fracture pattern,and that,with increasing the foliation angle,the anisotropy ratios of the Brazilian splitting strength and the energy show an increasing trend. The research results can provide a reference for the analysis of tensile mechanical properties of transversely isotropic rocks.
引文
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[9]许多,张茹,高明忠,等.基于间接拉伸试验的煤岩层理效应研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(12):3 133-3 141.(XU Duo,ZHANGRu,GAO Mingzhong,et al.Research on coal bedding effect based on indirect tensile test[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(12):3 133-3 141.(in Chinese))
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[13]喻勇,王天雄.三峡花岗岩劈裂抗拉特性与弹性模量关系的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3 258-3 261.(YU Yong,WANG Tianxiong.Study on relationship between splitting behaviour and elastic modulus of Three Gorges granite[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3 258-3 261.(in Chinese))
[14]宫凤强,李夕兵,ZHAO J.巴西圆盘劈裂试验中拉伸模量的解析算法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):881-891.(GONGFengqiang,LI Xibing,ZHAO J.Analytical algorithm to estimate tensile modulus in Brazilian disk splitting tests[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(5):881-891.(in Chinese))
[15]QIU J,LI D,LI X.Dynamic failure of a phyllite with a low degree of metamorphism under impact Brazilian test[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2017,94:10-17.
[16]李地元,邱加冬,李夕兵.冲击载荷作用下层状砂岩动态拉压力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(10):2 091-2 097.(LIDiyuan,QIU Jiadong,LI Xibing.Experimental study on dynamic tensile and compressive properties of bedding sandstone under impact loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(10):2 091-2 097.(in Chinese))
[17]CHO J W,KIM H,JEON S,et al.Deformation and strength anisotropy of Asan gneiss,Boryeong shale,and Yeoncheon schist[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2012,50:158-169.
[18]GHOLAMI R,RASOULI V.Mechanical and elastic properties of transversely isotropic slate[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2014,47(5):1 763-1 773.
[19]王慧文,李江腾,高吉超,等.干燥及饱水状态下基于巴西劈裂法的板岩抗拉强度[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2017,48(4):1 044-1 048.(WANG Huiwen,LI Jiangteng,GAO Jichao,et al.Tensile strength of slates under Brazilian splitting test in dry and saturated condition[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2017,48(4):1 044-1 048.(in Chinese))
[20]MA T,PENG N,ZHU Z,et al.Brazilian tensile strength of anisotropic rocks:review and new insights[J].Energies,2018,11(2):304.
[21]TAN X,KONIETZKY H,FRüHWIRT T,et al.Brazilian tests on transversely isotropic rocks:laboratory testing and numerical simulations[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48(4):1 341-1 351.
[22]谭鑫,HEINZ Konietzky.含层理构造的非均质片麻岩巴西劈裂试验及离散单元法数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(5):938-946.(TAN Xin,HEINZ Konietzky.Brazilian split tests and numerical simulation by discrete element method for heterogeneous gneiss with bedding structure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(5):938-946.(in Chinese))
[23]CAI M,KAISER P K.Numerical simulation of the Brazilian test and the tensile strength of anisotropic rocks and rocks with pre-existing cracks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(3):450-451.
[24]MA Y,HUANG H.DEM analysis of failure mechanisms in the intact Brazilian test[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2018,102:109-119.
[25]DUAN K,KWOK C Y.Discrete element modeling of anisotropic rock under Brazilian test conditions[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2015,78:46-56.
[26]CHONG Z,LI X,HOU P,et al.Numerical investigation of bedding plane parameters of transversely isotropic shale[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2017,50(5):1-22.
[27]DAN D Q,KONIETZKY H,HERBST M.Brazilian tensile strength tests on some anisotropic rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2013,58:1-7.
[28]张晓平.片状岩石变形破坏过程及强度特性研究--以丹巴二云英片岩为例[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2010.(ZHANG Xiaoping.The strength and deformation of schistose rock--a case study of DanBa Quartz mica schist[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2010.(in Chinese))
[29]ISRM.Suggested methods for determining tensile strength of rock materials[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science and Geomechanics Abstracts,1978,15(15):99-103.
[30]CLAESSON J,BOHLOLI B.Brazilian test:stress field and tensile strength of anisotropic rocks using an analytical solution[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2002,39(8):991-1 004.
[31]陈子全,何川,吴迪,等.深埋碳质千枚岩力学特性及其能量损伤演化机制[J].岩土力学,2018,39(2):445-456.(CHEN Ziquan,HE Chuan,WU Di,et al.Mechanical properties and energy damage evolution mechanism of deep-buried carbonaceous phyllite[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(2):445-456.(in Chinese))
[2]WANG J,XIE L,XIE H,et al.Effect of layer orientation on acoustic emission characteristics of anisotropic shale in Brazilian tests[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,36:1 120-1 129.
[3]ZHANG S W,SHOU K J,XIAN X F,et al.Fractal characteristics and acoustic emission of anisotropic shale in Brazilian tests[J]Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2018,71:298-308.
[4]侯鹏,高峰,杨玉贵,等.考虑层理影响页岩巴西劈裂及声发射试验研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(6):1 603-1 612.(HOU Peng,GAO Feng,YANG Yugui,et al.Effect of bedding plane direction on acoustic emission characteristics of shale in Brazilian tests[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(6):1 603-1 612.(in Chinese))
[5]XU G,HE C,CHEN Z,et al.Transverse isotropy of phyllite under brazilian tests:laboratory testing and numerical simulations[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2018,51(4):1 111-1 135.
[6]DEBECKER B,VERVOORT A.Experimental observation of fracture patterns in layered slate[J].International Journal of Fracture,2009,159(1):51-62.
[7]TAVALLALI A,VERVOORT A.Effect of layer orientation on the failure of layered sandstone under Brazilian test conditions[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(2):313-322.
[8]VERVOORT A,MIN K B,KONIETZKY H,et al.Failure of transversely isotropic rock under Brazilian test conditions[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2014,70:343-352.
[9]许多,张茹,高明忠,等.基于间接拉伸试验的煤岩层理效应研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(12):3 133-3 141.(XU Duo,ZHANGRu,GAO Mingzhong,et al.Research on coal bedding effect based on indirect tensile test[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(12):3 133-3 141.(in Chinese))
[10]WANG P,CAI M,REN F.Anisotropy and directionality of tensile behaviours of a jointed rock mass subjected to numerical Brazilian tests[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2018,73:139-153.
[11]刘运思,傅鹤林,饶军应,等.不同层理方位影响下板岩各向异性巴西圆盘劈裂试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(4):785-791.(LIU Yunsi,FU Helin,RAO Junying,et al.Research on brazilian disc splitting tests for anisotropy of slate under influence of different bedding orientations[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(4):785-791.(in Chinese))
[12]刘运思,傅鹤林,伍毅敏,等.基于单弱面理论对板岩巴西劈裂试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(10):1 775-1 780.(LIU Yunsi,FUHelin,WU Yimin,et al.Study on Brazilian splitting test for slate based on single weak plane theory[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(10):1 775-1 780.(in Chinese))
[13]喻勇,王天雄.三峡花岗岩劈裂抗拉特性与弹性模量关系的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3 258-3 261.(YU Yong,WANG Tianxiong.Study on relationship between splitting behaviour and elastic modulus of Three Gorges granite[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3 258-3 261.(in Chinese))
[14]宫凤强,李夕兵,ZHAO J.巴西圆盘劈裂试验中拉伸模量的解析算法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):881-891.(GONGFengqiang,LI Xibing,ZHAO J.Analytical algorithm to estimate tensile modulus in Brazilian disk splitting tests[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(5):881-891.(in Chinese))
[15]QIU J,LI D,LI X.Dynamic failure of a phyllite with a low degree of metamorphism under impact Brazilian test[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2017,94:10-17.
[16]李地元,邱加冬,李夕兵.冲击载荷作用下层状砂岩动态拉压力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(10):2 091-2 097.(LIDiyuan,QIU Jiadong,LI Xibing.Experimental study on dynamic tensile and compressive properties of bedding sandstone under impact loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(10):2 091-2 097.(in Chinese))
[17]CHO J W,KIM H,JEON S,et al.Deformation and strength anisotropy of Asan gneiss,Boryeong shale,and Yeoncheon schist[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2012,50:158-169.
[18]GHOLAMI R,RASOULI V.Mechanical and elastic properties of transversely isotropic slate[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2014,47(5):1 763-1 773.
[19]王慧文,李江腾,高吉超,等.干燥及饱水状态下基于巴西劈裂法的板岩抗拉强度[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2017,48(4):1 044-1 048.(WANG Huiwen,LI Jiangteng,GAO Jichao,et al.Tensile strength of slates under Brazilian splitting test in dry and saturated condition[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2017,48(4):1 044-1 048.(in Chinese))
[20]MA T,PENG N,ZHU Z,et al.Brazilian tensile strength of anisotropic rocks:review and new insights[J].Energies,2018,11(2):304.
[21]TAN X,KONIETZKY H,FRüHWIRT T,et al.Brazilian tests on transversely isotropic rocks:laboratory testing and numerical simulations[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48(4):1 341-1 351.
[22]谭鑫,HEINZ Konietzky.含层理构造的非均质片麻岩巴西劈裂试验及离散单元法数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(5):938-946.(TAN Xin,HEINZ Konietzky.Brazilian split tests and numerical simulation by discrete element method for heterogeneous gneiss with bedding structure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(5):938-946.(in Chinese))
[23]CAI M,KAISER P K.Numerical simulation of the Brazilian test and the tensile strength of anisotropic rocks and rocks with pre-existing cracks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(3):450-451.
[24]MA Y,HUANG H.DEM analysis of failure mechanisms in the intact Brazilian test[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2018,102:109-119.
[25]DUAN K,KWOK C Y.Discrete element modeling of anisotropic rock under Brazilian test conditions[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2015,78:46-56.
[26]CHONG Z,LI X,HOU P,et al.Numerical investigation of bedding plane parameters of transversely isotropic shale[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2017,50(5):1-22.
[27]DAN D Q,KONIETZKY H,HERBST M.Brazilian tensile strength tests on some anisotropic rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2013,58:1-7.
[28]张晓平.片状岩石变形破坏过程及强度特性研究--以丹巴二云英片岩为例[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2010.(ZHANG Xiaoping.The strength and deformation of schistose rock--a case study of DanBa Quartz mica schist[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2010.(in Chinese))
[29]ISRM.Suggested methods for determining tensile strength of rock materials[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science and Geomechanics Abstracts,1978,15(15):99-103.
[30]CLAESSON J,BOHLOLI B.Brazilian test:stress field and tensile strength of anisotropic rocks using an analytical solution[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2002,39(8):991-1 004.
[31]陈子全,何川,吴迪,等.深埋碳质千枚岩力学特性及其能量损伤演化机制[J].岩土力学,2018,39(2):445-456.(CHEN Ziquan,HE Chuan,WU Di,et al.Mechanical properties and energy damage evolution mechanism of deep-buried carbonaceous phyllite[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(2):445-456.(in Chinese))