四川省康定地区地热水结垢趋势分析
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摘要
采用拉申指数和雷兹诺指数等指数判定法对四川省康定地热区4个地热井和3个温泉热水的碳酸钙结垢趋势进行计算和判定,并判定了硫酸钙和硅酸盐的结垢趋势,然后采用Na-K-Mg三角图解和WATCH程序进一步进行热储矿物平衡分析,结果表明:该区部分地下热水有结垢的可能性,主要结垢物是碳酸钙,引起结垢的矿物主要有方解石、滑石、温石棉。结果可为当地地热开发利用提供参考,也为同类研究提供一个实例。
Water samples taken from 4 geothermal wells and 3 hot springs in the Kangding geothermal fields are examined in this paper.The scaling trend of the thermal groundwater is calculated and judged with the methods of Ryzner's index and Larson's index,the WATCH program and the Na-K-Mg equilibrium diagram.The results show that thermal groundwater in part of the geothermal wells and hot springs in the Kangding areas has a tendency to scale.The main precipitated scaling matter is CaCO3,and chrysotile,calcite and talc are responsible for the scaling.
Water samples taken from 4 geothermal wells and 3 hot springs in the Kangding geothermal fields are examined in this paper.The scaling trend of the thermal groundwater is calculated and judged with the methods of Ryzner's index and Larson's index,the WATCH program and the Na-K-Mg equilibrium diagram.The results show that thermal groundwater in part of the geothermal wells and hot springs in the Kangding areas has a tendency to scale.The main precipitated scaling matter is CaCO3,and chrysotile,calcite and talc are responsible for the scaling.
引文
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[3]王奎峰,杨德平,宋香锁,等.临清市馆陶组地热水化学特征及结垢腐蚀性研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,37(1):130-134.[WAGN K F,YANG DP,SONG X S,et al.Chemical characteristics andencrustment and erosion of geothermal water in theGuantao Formation in Linqing[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering geology,2010,37(1):130-134.(inChinese)]
[4]Patzay G,Stahl G,Karman F H,et al.Modeling ofscale formation and corrosion from geothermal water[J].Electrochimica Acta,1998,43(1-2):137-147.
[5]Ryznar J W.A new index for determining amount ofcalcium carbonate scale formed by water[M].Washington D C:AWWA,1944.
[6]Larson T E,Sollo F R.Loss in water main carryingcapacity[J].AWWA,1967,59(12):1565-1572.
[7]Langelier W F.Chemical equilibrium in watertreatment[M].Washington D C:AWWA,1946.
[8]Riddick T M.The mechanism of corrosion of waterpipes[J].Water Work Sand Sewerage,1944,91:133-138.
[9]Arnórsson S,Sigurdsson S,Svavarsson H.Thechemistry of geothermal waters in Iceland.I.Calculation of aqueous speciation from 0℃to 370℃[J].Geochim Cosmochim Acta,1982,46:1513-1532.
[10]佟伟,章铭陶.横断山区温泉志[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.[TONG W,ZHANG M T.Thermalsprings in Hengduan(traverse)mountains[M].Beijing:Science Press,1994.(in Chinese)]
[11]蔡义汉.地热直接利用[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2004.[CHAI Y H.Geothermal Direct-Use[M].Tianjin:University of Tianjin Press,2004.(inChinese)]
[12]Ellis P F.Review of shell and Tube ExchangerFouling and Corrosion in Geothermal Power PlantService Radian Corporation[A].1983.
[13]孟宪级,白丽萍,齐金生.地下热水结垢趋势的判断[J].工业水处理,1997,17(5):6-7.[MENG X J,BAI L P,QI J SH.The judgment of scaling tendencyin geothermal water in China[J].Water Treat,1997,17(5):6-7.(in Chinese)]
[14]GB/T11615-2010地热资源地质勘查规范[S].[GB/T 11615-2010 Geologic exploration standard ofgeothermal resources[S].(in Chinese)]
[15]Giggenbach W F.Geothermal solute equilibria,derivation of Na-K-Mg-Ca geoindicators[J].GeochimCosmochim Acta,1988,52(12):2749-2765
[16]Bjarnason J.The speciation program WATCH,Version 2.1[Z].Iceland:Orkustofnun,Reykjavík,1994.