新构造运动对塔里木盆地油气成藏模式的影响
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摘要
印度次大陆与欧亚大陆碰撞的远距离构造效应,打破了塔里木盆地古近纪末的构造平衡。经古构造恢复,推断出塔里木盆地古近纪以来各区域的变化特征:塔西南麦盖提斜坡向北迁移且南北宽度增加;巴楚隆起南部变为斜坡区且宽度缩小;塔北隆起整体向南迁移;塔东满加尔凹陷北部萎缩,南部和东南边界向外扩展;塔中隆起范围明显缩小;塔东南隆起构造规模逐渐缩小但幅度增加。受新构造运动的影响,不同区域的油气表现为不同的晚期成藏模式,塔西南巴什托普油田以群5井区为支点地层翘倾,同一构造单元内不同圈闭此消彼长,形成"消长式汇合型"成藏模式;塔北哈得逊油田石炭系整体反转,构造高点向南迁移,正常温压下油水界面倾斜,形成"驿站式输送型"成藏模式;塔中4油田表现为老断层阶段式复活,多个油气水界面共存,形成"渗漏式残存型"成藏模式。油气聚集表现为阶段式平衡或阶段式调整的非稳态特征。研究油气在新构造运动期调整特点,对塔里木盆地油气勘探具有重要意义。
The remote tectonic effect resulted from collision between the Indian subcontinent and the Eurasian continent broke the structur.al equilibrium state at the end of the Paleogene in Tarim basin. With the method of paleo.structural restoration, this paper estimated the re.gional changing characteristics of Tarim basin since Paleogene as follows: The Maigaiti slope in southwestern Tarim basin migrated north.ward, increasing the width of the north and south; the south part of Bachu uplift became slope area and width narrowed; Tabei uplift migrat.ed southward on the whole; the Manjiaer sag in eastern Tarim basin shrank northward, while the south and southeast boundaries extended outward; the range of Tazhong uplift became obviously narrowed; Tadongnan uplift's structural size became gradually smaller but its ampli.tude increased. Having influenced by the neotectonic movement, the hydrocarbons in different regions showed different oil and gas accumu.lation patterns. The Bashituopu oilfield in southwestern Tarim basin tilted with a fulcrum of Qun.5 well area. Different traps in the same tec.tonic unit were shifted, forming the hydrocarbon accumulation pattern of"the ebb and flow type of convergence"; the Carboniferous strata in Hudson oilfield in northern Tarim were reversed on the whole, with structural highs migrating southward, which made oil.water interface tilt under normal temperature and pressure, forming"post conveyor type"oil.gas accumulation pattern; the old faults in Tazhong.4 oilfield revived episodically, with multiple oil.gas.water interfaces, forming"residual leakage type"accumulation pattern. The oil and gas accumu.lation kept in unsteady state characteristics of episodic balance and adjustment. Research on hydrocarbon's adjustment characteristics in the neotectonic period has a guiding significance on the petroleum exploration and development in Tarim basin in the future.
The remote tectonic effect resulted from collision between the Indian subcontinent and the Eurasian continent broke the structur.al equilibrium state at the end of the Paleogene in Tarim basin. With the method of paleo.structural restoration, this paper estimated the re.gional changing characteristics of Tarim basin since Paleogene as follows: The Maigaiti slope in southwestern Tarim basin migrated north.ward, increasing the width of the north and south; the south part of Bachu uplift became slope area and width narrowed; Tabei uplift migrat.ed southward on the whole; the Manjiaer sag in eastern Tarim basin shrank northward, while the south and southeast boundaries extended outward; the range of Tazhong uplift became obviously narrowed; Tadongnan uplift's structural size became gradually smaller but its ampli.tude increased. Having influenced by the neotectonic movement, the hydrocarbons in different regions showed different oil and gas accumu.lation patterns. The Bashituopu oilfield in southwestern Tarim basin tilted with a fulcrum of Qun.5 well area. Different traps in the same tec.tonic unit were shifted, forming the hydrocarbon accumulation pattern of"the ebb and flow type of convergence"; the Carboniferous strata in Hudson oilfield in northern Tarim were reversed on the whole, with structural highs migrating southward, which made oil.water interface tilt under normal temperature and pressure, forming"post conveyor type"oil.gas accumulation pattern; the old faults in Tazhong.4 oilfield revived episodically, with multiple oil.gas.water interfaces, forming"residual leakage type"accumulation pattern. The oil and gas accumu.lation kept in unsteady state characteristics of episodic balance and adjustment. Research on hydrocarbon's adjustment characteristics in the neotectonic period has a guiding significance on the petroleum exploration and development in Tarim basin in the future.
引文
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[12]徐汉林,江同文,顾乔元,等.塔里木盆地哈得逊油田成藏研究探讨[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,30(5):17-21.Xu Hanlin,Jiang Tongwen,Gu Qiaoyuan,et al.Probe into hydro.carbon accumulations in the Hadson oilfield,Tarim basin[J].Jour.nal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edi.tion,2008,30(5):17-21.
[13]陈俊湘,屈秋平,邱斌.塔里木盆地巴什托普背斜石炭系油气藏形成条件[J].新疆石油地质,1997,18(4):319-323.Chen Junxiang,Qu Qiuping,Qiu Bin.Forming condition of Carbon.iferous reservoir in Bashituopu anticline,Tarim basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1997,18(4):319-323.
[14]王飞宇,张水昌,梁狄刚.塔中4油田油气水界面的变迁与成藏期[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(5):560-562.Wang Feiyu,Zhang Shuichang,Liang Digang.Evolvement of oilgaswater contact and timing of petroleum accumulation in Tazhong.4 oil field,Tarim basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2004,25(5):560-562.
[2]王跃,董光荣,金炯,等.新构造运动在塔里木盆地演化中作用[J].地质评论,1992,38(5):426-430.Wang Yue,Dong Guangrong,Jin Jiong.et al.The role of the Neotec.tonic movement in the evolution of the Tarim basin[J].Geological Review,1992,38(5):426-430.
[3]彭希龄.新疆新构造运动的表现和特点[J].成都理工学院学报,1998,25(2):169-181.Peng Xiling.Appearances and characteristics of the neotectonic movements in Xinjiang[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Tech.nology,1998,25(2):169-181.
[4]蔡希源.塔里木盆地大中型油气田成控因素与展布规律[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,27(6):693-702.Cai Xiyuan.Main factors controlling hydrocarbon accumulation of middle.and large.sized oil and gas fields and their distribution rules in the Tarim basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,27(6):693-702.
[5]贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君,等.盆地构造演化与区域构造地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.Jia Chengzao,Wei Guoqi,Yao Huijun,et al.Basin tectonic evolu.tion and regional structural geology[M].Beijing:Peroleum Industry Press,1995.
[6]贾承造.塔里木盆地中新生代构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.Jia Chengzao.Tectonic characteristics and oil and gas of Meso-Ce.nozoic,Tarim basin[M].Beijing:Peroleum Industry Press,2004.
[7]陈楚铭,卢华复,贾东,等.塔里木盆地晚第三纪-第四纪沉积特征、构造变形与石油地质意义[J].沉积学报,1998,16(2):114-116.Chen Chuming,Lu Huafu,Jia Dong,et al.Neogene-Quaternary sed.imentary features,structural deformation of the Tarim basin and its petroleum geological significances[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1998,16(2):114-116.
[8]БашаринАК,БеляевСЮ,ФрадкинГС.喜马拉雅运动在新疆中、新生代盆地形成中的作用[J].新疆石油地质,2000,21(1):72-80.БашаринАК,БеляевСЮ,ФрадкинГС.The effect of Himaiay.an orogeny on formation of Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins in Xinji.ang[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2000,21(1):72-80.
[9]刘明义,邓宏文,姜正龙,等.新构造运动对巴什托普油气田成藏与分布的控制[J].新疆石油地质,2013,34(1):24-26.Liu Mingyi,Deng Hongwen,Jiang Zhenglong,et al.Neotectonic ac.tivites control on hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution in Bashituopu oilfield[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2013,34(1):24-26.
[10]李梅.构造运动对哈得逊油田动态成藏的控制作用[C].北京:石油大学(北京)盆地与油藏研究中心,2006:531-541.Li Mei.Contral effect of neotectonic movement on dynamic accumu.lation in Hudson oilfield[C]//Beijing:Petroleum University Basin and Reservoir Research Center,2006:531-541.
[11]徐汉林,江同文,顾乔元,等.新构造运动对塔里木盆地油气的控制作用[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(2):175-178.Xu Hanlin,Jiang Tongwen,Gu Qiaoyuan,et al.Control effect of ne.otectonic movement on hydrocarbons in Tarim basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2009,30(2):175-178.
[12]徐汉林,江同文,顾乔元,等.塔里木盆地哈得逊油田成藏研究探讨[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,30(5):17-21.Xu Hanlin,Jiang Tongwen,Gu Qiaoyuan,et al.Probe into hydro.carbon accumulations in the Hadson oilfield,Tarim basin[J].Jour.nal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edi.tion,2008,30(5):17-21.
[13]陈俊湘,屈秋平,邱斌.塔里木盆地巴什托普背斜石炭系油气藏形成条件[J].新疆石油地质,1997,18(4):319-323.Chen Junxiang,Qu Qiuping,Qiu Bin.Forming condition of Carbon.iferous reservoir in Bashituopu anticline,Tarim basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1997,18(4):319-323.
[14]王飞宇,张水昌,梁狄刚.塔中4油田油气水界面的变迁与成藏期[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(5):560-562.Wang Feiyu,Zhang Shuichang,Liang Digang.Evolvement of oilgaswater contact and timing of petroleum accumulation in Tazhong.4 oil field,Tarim basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2004,25(5):560-562.