首都圈土壤气中氡环境地球化学特征
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摘要
空气中的氡大部分源于岩石和土壤氡的释放。本研究对首都圈的三河地区、延怀盆地和唐山地区土壤气中氡浓度进行检测,分析其环境地球化学特征。结果表明,所调查土壤气中氡浓度三河地区最高,平均值在2×104～2.5×104Bq·m-3,唐山地区其次,平均值在1.5×104～2×104Bq·m-3,延怀盆地最低,平均值<1.5×104Bq·m-3,整体呈现研究区的东部土壤气中氡浓度高于西部地区。根据对研究区内土壤氡浓度的环境危害分类,局部达到中等风险等级;根据国家标准,在三河地区和唐山地区,局部需要采取建筑物底层地面抗开裂措施和一级防水措施,延怀盆地基本不需要采取防氡措施。
Radon in the air is mainly released from the rock and soil radon. The geochemical characteristics of radon in soil gas around the Capital area of China were investigated based on the measurements of radon concentrations in Sanhe area,Yanhuai basin and Tangshan area. The mean radon concentrations were 2 × 104- 2. 5 × 104,1.5 ×104- 2 × 104,and less than 1.5 ×104Bq·m- 3in Sanhe area,Tangshan area,and Yanhuai basin,respectively. Overall,the distribution of radon concentration was higher in the east than in the west. Based on the soil radon concentration in the international environmental hazard classification,some parts of the study areas reached to the moderate risk level. Based on China's standards( code for indoor environmental pollution control of civil building engineering),anti-cracking and waterproof measures should be taken on the ground floors of buildings in Sanhe area and Tangshan area,while no measures are needed to prevent radon in Yanhuai basin.
Radon in the air is mainly released from the rock and soil radon. The geochemical characteristics of radon in soil gas around the Capital area of China were investigated based on the measurements of radon concentrations in Sanhe area,Yanhuai basin and Tangshan area. The mean radon concentrations were 2 × 104- 2. 5 × 104,1.5 ×104- 2 × 104,and less than 1.5 ×104Bq·m- 3in Sanhe area,Tangshan area,and Yanhuai basin,respectively. Overall,the distribution of radon concentration was higher in the east than in the west. Based on the soil radon concentration in the international environmental hazard classification,some parts of the study areas reached to the moderate risk level. Based on China's standards( code for indoor environmental pollution control of civil building engineering),anti-cracking and waterproof measures should be taken on the ground floors of buildings in Sanhe area and Tangshan area,while no measures are needed to prevent radon in Yanhuai basin.
引文
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程业勋.2008.环境中氡及其子体的危害与控制.现代地质,22(5):857-868.
韩晓昆,李营,杜建国,等.2013.夏垫断裂中南段土壤气体地球化学特征.物探与化探,37(6):976-982.
江娃利,侯治华,肖振敏,等.2000.北京平原夏垫断裂齐心庄探槽古地震事件分析.地震地质,22(4):413-422.
徐锡伟,计凤桔,于贵华,等.2000.用钻孔地层剖面记录恢复古地震序列:河北夏垫断裂古地震研究.地震地质,22(1):9-19.
李营,杜建国,王富宽,等.2009.延怀盆地土壤气体地球化学特征.地震学报,31(1):1-10.
秦春艳.2012.中国南方土壤氡分布及模型研究(硕士学位论文).北京:中国地质大学(北京).
秦宗会,谢兵.2011.氡的特性、来源及国家控制标准.中国西部科技,(20):4-18.
孙凯男,郭秋菊,程建平.2004.我国部分地区土壤氡析出率的理论模型.中华放射医学与防护杂志,24(6):581-584.
曾力,唐莉.1993.氡的现状调查:来源、水平、检测、危害及清除.岩矿测试,12(4):296-304.
周晓成,杜建国,王传远,等.2007.西藏拉萨市土壤气中氡、汞环境地球化学特征.环境科学,28(3):659-663.
周晓剑.2007.城市环境地气氡的释放规律初探(硕士学位论文).成都:成都理工大学.
Akerblom G.1986.Investigation and Mapping of Radon Risk Areas.Lulea:Swedish Geological Company Report,RAP86036.
Sevc J,Kunz E,Tomsek L,et al.1988.Cancer in man after exposure to Rn daughters.Health Physics,54:27-46.
Wang X,Li Y,Du JG,et al.2014.Correlations between radon in soil gas and the activity of seismogenic faults in the Tangshan area,North China.Radiation Measurements,60:8-14.