地震体波走时层析成像方法研究综述
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摘要
地球介质参数是地震深部探测的重要目标,蕴含了丰富的地球结构和演化信息.全波形反演技术由于计算量大的原因,目前阶段在实际壳幔结构成像应用中还存在较大的难度.基于P波和S波到时的体波成像仍然是壳幔精细速度结构成像的重要途径.本文主要介绍了三种具有代表性的地震体波走时层析成像方法,即基于高频近似射线理论的成像方法、基于程函方程数值解的初至波成像方法及有限频成像方法.基于射线理论的成像方法计算量小,计算效率高,长期以来是体波成像的主要方法之一;基于程函方程数值解的成像方法,在初至波走时成像方面有优势,但是要求网格节点较密,计算量大;有限频成像方法基于波动方程理论,比射线理论包含更丰富的介质信息,但是由于计算量大,目前在实现过程中引入简化的假设,成像效果还有较大的提升空间.
The medium parameter of the Earth is an important target of the deep seismic exploration,which contains rich information of the structure and evolution of the Earth.Full waveform inversion technique is restricted in the application to the crust and mantle imaging due to the time-consuming computation.The body wave tomography based on the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave plays a key role in imaging fine velocity structure of the crust and mantle.This paper mainly introduces three typical seismic body wave traveltime tomography methods,which are traveltime tomography method based on ray theory,first-arrival traveltime tomography method based on eikonal equation numerical solver and finite frequency tomography method.The first one requires a small calculation amount and is efficient;the second one has the advantage in the first arrival traveltime imaging,while is more time-consuming;the last one which is based on the wave equation theory,has higher resolution than the method based on ray theory,while is more time-consuming and less efficient.
The medium parameter of the Earth is an important target of the deep seismic exploration,which contains rich information of the structure and evolution of the Earth.Full waveform inversion technique is restricted in the application to the crust and mantle imaging due to the time-consuming computation.The body wave tomography based on the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave plays a key role in imaging fine velocity structure of the crust and mantle.This paper mainly introduces three typical seismic body wave traveltime tomography methods,which are traveltime tomography method based on ray theory,first-arrival traveltime tomography method based on eikonal equation numerical solver and finite frequency tomography method.The first one requires a small calculation amount and is efficient;the second one has the advantage in the first arrival traveltime imaging,while is more time-consuming;the last one which is based on the wave equation theory,has higher resolution than the method based on ray theory,while is more time-consuming and less efficient.
引文
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