走滑断层震间形变GPS观测站点布设的合理性分析
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摘要
针对单条断层合理布设GPS站点可准确反映断层形变状态。远场布设的有效距离与近场的布设间隔是影响断层运动分析结果的重要因素。远场有效距离为变形宽度的边界,其与断层闭锁深度之间的关系约为6.31倍;近场间隔利用分段折线近似替代断层震间形变曲线,根据形变曲线的变化特点将形变区域分区,得到"近场区"和"过渡区"与断层闭锁深度之间的关系。并且,对川滇块体东边界目前站点布设状态对结果可能的影响进行初步分析。研究结果可对今后GPS站点布设方案提供理论参考。
A reasonable GPS station layout for a single fault can accurately reflect the fault deformation state.The effective distance of far field and spacing of the near field are the important factors that affect observation result.The far-field effective distance should be 6.31 times the locking depth of the fault.The near-field interval is approximated by the segmented line,and the deformation area is divided according to the deformation curve,which is the relation between "near-field and transition zone"and the depth of fault locking.As an example,we analyzed the possible impact of the current layout of the eastern boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan block on the possible results.The conclusion can provide a theoretical reference for future GPS station deployment.
A reasonable GPS station layout for a single fault can accurately reflect the fault deformation state.The effective distance of far field and spacing of the near field are the important factors that affect observation result.The far-field effective distance should be 6.31 times the locking depth of the fault.The near-field interval is approximated by the segmented line,and the deformation area is divided according to the deformation curve,which is the relation between "near-field and transition zone"and the depth of fault locking.As an example,we analyzed the possible impact of the current layout of the eastern boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan block on the possible results.The conclusion can provide a theoretical reference for future GPS station deployment.
引文
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[13]赵静,江在森,牛安福,等.川滇菱形块体东边界断层闭锁程度与滑动亏损动态特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(3):872-885.
[14]宋剑,杨少敏,王伟,等.安宁河—则木河—小江断裂带闭锁特征研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2016,36(6):490-494.
[15]刘耀辉,李金平,王刘伟.小江断裂带地壳运动特征及地震危险性研究[J].测绘工程,2015,24(7):58-60.
[2]Le Beon M,Klinger Y,Amrat A Q,et al.Slip Rate and Locking Depth from GPS Profiles across the Southern Dead Sea Transform[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,Part B:Solid Earth,2008(113):B11403.
[3]张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1 066-1 073.
[4]Smith-Konter B R,Sandwell D T,Shearer P.Locking Depths Estimated from Geodesy and Seismology along the San Andreas Fault System:Implications for Seismic Moment Release[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2011,116:B06401.
[5]Paul S.Earthquake and Volcano Deformation[M].Princeton University Press,2010.
[6]闻学泽,杜方,龙锋,等.小江和曲江—石屏两断裂系统的构造动力学与强震序列的关联性[J].中国科学地球科学,2011,41(5):713-724.
[7]武艳强,江在森,杨国华,等.南北地震带北段近期地壳变形特征研究[J].武汉大学学报:信息科学版,2012,39(9):1 045-1 048.
[8]魏文薪.川滇块体东边界主要断裂带运动特性及动力学机制研究[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2012.
[9]邹镇宇,江在森,武艳强,等.针对一般倾角的走滑/倾滑位移理论公式的改进[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2015,35(3):460-463.
[10]黄庚年.通信系统原理[M].北京:北京邮电学院出版社,1991.
[11]M7专项工作组.中国大陆大地震中—长期危险性研究[M].北京:地震出版社,2012.
[12]Meade B J,Hager B H.Block Models of Crustal Motion in Southern California Constrained by GPS Measurements[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2005,110(B3):353-353.
[13]赵静,江在森,牛安福,等.川滇菱形块体东边界断层闭锁程度与滑动亏损动态特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(3):872-885.
[14]宋剑,杨少敏,王伟,等.安宁河—则木河—小江断裂带闭锁特征研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2016,36(6):490-494.
[15]刘耀辉,李金平,王刘伟.小江断裂带地壳运动特征及地震危险性研究[J].测绘工程,2015,24(7):58-60.