改革开放40年中国工业经济发展的区域特征
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摘要
改革开放以来,"东快西慢"的工业经济空间格局助推中国走出了低水平的"均衡"发展,并稳步走向世界,但也加剧了区域经济发展不平衡。在区域发展战略的推动下,"东快西慢"的工业化推进格局逐步向"西快东慢"转变。进入新常态后,工业经济活动加速向南部转移,"南强北弱"的空间格局逐步强化,区域间工业经济发展不平衡的问题也日益突出。1978年以来,省际工业经济发展差距经历了四个阶段:缩小(1978—1986年)→扩大(1987—2003年)→缩小(2004—2013年)→扩大(2014—2016年)。在中国工业经济发展的地理版图变迁过程中,区域性塌陷与地区崛起并存,主要可分为衰退型塌陷、发展型塌陷、开放型崛起、承接型崛起等4种典型类型。至此,中国工业经济的地理版图由改革开放初期显著的"东西分异"转向"东西、南北分异"的空间格局。
Since the reform and opening up, the spatial pattern of the "West Fast while East Slow" industrialeconomy has helped China to step out of a low-level"balanced"development and steadily move toward the world,but it has also brought about an imbalance in regional economic development;Driven by the regional developmentstrategy, the industrial economic spatial pattern of "East Fast and West Slow"has gradually shifted to"West Fastand East Slow";After entering the new normal, industrial economic activities shifted to the southward accelerated,and the spatial pattern of"south strong and north weak"was gradually strengthened, and the problem of imbalancedindustrial economic development was also increasingly prominent. Since 1978, the gap in inter-provincial industrialeconomic development has gone through four stages: reduction(1978-1986) → expansion(1987-2003) →reduction(2004-2013) → expansion(2014-2016). In the process of the geographical transformation of China'sindustrial economic development, regional collapse and regional rise coexist, which can be divided into four typicaltypes: recession collapse, development collapse, open rise, and undertake rise-up. So far, the geographical layout ofChina's industrial economy has shifted from the remarkable"East-West Difference"in the early stage of reform andopening-up to the spatial pattern of "East-West Differentiation, North-South Differentiation".
Since the reform and opening up, the spatial pattern of the "West Fast while East Slow" industrialeconomy has helped China to step out of a low-level"balanced"development and steadily move toward the world,but it has also brought about an imbalance in regional economic development;Driven by the regional developmentstrategy, the industrial economic spatial pattern of "East Fast and West Slow"has gradually shifted to"West Fastand East Slow";After entering the new normal, industrial economic activities shifted to the southward accelerated,and the spatial pattern of"south strong and north weak"was gradually strengthened, and the problem of imbalancedindustrial economic development was also increasingly prominent. Since 1978, the gap in inter-provincial industrialeconomic development has gone through four stages: reduction(1978-1986) → expansion(1987-2003) →reduction(2004-2013) → expansion(2014-2016). In the process of the geographical transformation of China'sindustrial economic development, regional collapse and regional rise coexist, which can be divided into four typicaltypes: recession collapse, development collapse, open rise, and undertake rise-up. So far, the geographical layout ofChina's industrial economy has shifted from the remarkable"East-West Difference"in the early stage of reform andopening-up to the spatial pattern of "East-West Differentiation, North-South Differentiation".
引文
(1)GDP占比=地区GDP/全国GDP×100%;工业占比=地区工业增加值/全国工业增加值×100%;极差=最大值-最小值。
(2)关伟:《东北老工业基地经济振兴的基础与路径》,《地理教育》2004年第3期。
(3)国家发展和改革委员会宏观经济研究院课题组、杨合湘:《我国的工业结构演变与工业政策调整》,《经济学动态》2008年第5期。
(4)钟启权:《广东工业再图新高》,《中国投资》2000年第1期。
(5)《党的十八大以来广东工业转型升级成效》,广东统计信息网,http://www.gdstats.gov.cn/tjzl/tjkx/201710/t20171009_374347.html,2018-05-17.
(6)(7)刘志彪、吴福象:《新中国60年江苏工业发展的基本轨迹和基本经验》,《南京社会科学》2009年第12期。
(8)周必健:《改革开放30年浙江工业的崛起》,《浙江经济》2008年第19期。
(9)金碚:《加快腹地经济发展是中国工业化中期的战略方向》,《区域经济评论》2013年第1期。
(2)关伟:《东北老工业基地经济振兴的基础与路径》,《地理教育》2004年第3期。
(3)国家发展和改革委员会宏观经济研究院课题组、杨合湘:《我国的工业结构演变与工业政策调整》,《经济学动态》2008年第5期。
(4)钟启权:《广东工业再图新高》,《中国投资》2000年第1期。
(5)《党的十八大以来广东工业转型升级成效》,广东统计信息网,http://www.gdstats.gov.cn/tjzl/tjkx/201710/t20171009_374347.html,2018-05-17.
(6)(7)刘志彪、吴福象:《新中国60年江苏工业发展的基本轨迹和基本经验》,《南京社会科学》2009年第12期。
(8)周必健:《改革开放30年浙江工业的崛起》,《浙江经济》2008年第19期。
(9)金碚:《加快腹地经济发展是中国工业化中期的战略方向》,《区域经济评论》2013年第1期。