改革开放以来中国城-城迁移家庭生活水平变迁研究——基于一个老年家庭的账本数据(1986—2017)
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摘要
采用单案例纵向分析方法,对一个城市迁移家庭的收支账本数据(1986—2017年)进行收集整理,分别研究迁移家庭与国家经济发展的关系,并与迁入地、迁出地平均收入和支出水平进行比较,分析影响迁移家庭生活水平变迁的因素。研究发现:第一,向经济发达地区迁移的城市家庭一定程度上分享到国家经济发展成果;第二,由于地区经济发展水平的巨大差异,严重影响了迁移家庭的相对收支水平,实质上降低了迁移家庭生活质量;第三,退休金增长制度、户籍改革制度、代际孝顺行为一定程度上减缓了对迁移家庭的负面冲击;第四,家庭结构的变化对于迁移家庭的影响不确定,取决于经济、社会、文化等多个因素的均衡考虑。
The aims of this paper are to analyze the correlation between the migrant household and national economic development, to find out the differences of income and expenditure among the migrant households, to compare the average income and expenditure of the origin with those of the destination, and to suggest the influences that affect the migrant household's living quality. The study finds that,(1)the migrant households that moved from developing areas to developed areas still shared the benefits of the national development;(2)the relative level of income and expenditure of the migrant households are seriously influenced and their living quality is actually reduced due to the great differences in different regional economic development;(3)The pension increase system, the household registry reform system, and the intergenerational filial piety have partly slowed down the negative impact on the migrant household;(4)it is no clear that how the change of the family structure affects the migrant household's living standard. A balanced consideration of economic, social, cultural factors is required.
The aims of this paper are to analyze the correlation between the migrant household and national economic development, to find out the differences of income and expenditure among the migrant households, to compare the average income and expenditure of the origin with those of the destination, and to suggest the influences that affect the migrant household's living quality. The study finds that,(1)the migrant households that moved from developing areas to developed areas still shared the benefits of the national development;(2)the relative level of income and expenditure of the migrant households are seriously influenced and their living quality is actually reduced due to the great differences in different regional economic development;(3)The pension increase system, the household registry reform system, and the intergenerational filial piety have partly slowed down the negative impact on the migrant household;(4)it is no clear that how the change of the family structure affects the migrant household's living standard. A balanced consideration of economic, social, cultural factors is required.
引文
[1]盛亦男.中国的家庭化迁居模式[J].人口研究,2014(3):41-54.
[2]NGARAMBE O,GOETZ S J,DEBERTIN D L.Regional Economic Growth and Income Distribution:County-Level Evidence from the U.S.South[J].Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics,1998,30(2):325-337.
[3]ICELAND J.Why Poverty Remains High:The Role Of Income Growth,Economic Inequality,And Changes In Family Structure,1949-1999[J].Demography,2003,30(3):499-519.
[4]PEDRONI P,YAO J Y.Regional Income Divergence in China[J].Journal of Asian Economics,2006,17(1):294-315.
[5]LAU C K M.New Evidence about Regional Income Divergence in China[J].China Economic Review,2010,21(2):293-309.
[6]CARR S,TIENDA M.Family Sponsorship and Late-Age Immigration in Aging America:Revised and Expanded Estimates of Chained Migration[J].Popul Res Policy Rev,2013,32(4):825-849.
[7]NARAYAN P K,SMYTH R.What Determines Migration Flows from Low-income to High-income Countries?---An Empirical Investigation of Fiji-U.S.migration 1972-2001[J].Contemporary Economic Policy,2006,24(2):332-342.
[8]KIBRIA N.Age,Narrative and Migration:The Life Course and Life Histories of Bengali Elders in London[J].International Migration Review,2004,38(2):787-799.
[9]李连友,宋泽,刘子兰.城镇移民生活福利水平研究[J].中国人口科学,2014(6):62-70.
[10]SCHNITTKER J.Diagnosing Our National Disease:Trends in Income and Happiness,1973 to 2004[J].Social Psychology Quarterly.2008,71(3):257-280.
[11]BLOCK L.Regulating Membership:Explaining Restriction and Stratification of Family Migration in Europe[J].Journal of family issues,2015,36(11):1433-1452.
[12]SUN F,XIAO J J.Perceived Social Policy Fairness and Subjective Wellbeing:Evidence from China[J].Soc Indic Res,2012,107(1):171-186.
[13]孙三百,白金兰.迁移行为、户籍获取与城市移民幸福感流失[J].经济评论,2014(6):101-112.
[14]WONG C K,WONG K Y,MOK B H.Subjective Well-being,Societal Condition and Social Policy---the Case Study of Rich Chinese Society[J].Social Indicators Research,2006,78(2):405-428.
(1)参见Causa O:Economic Growth from the Household Perspective: GDP and Income Distribution Developments Across OECD Countries,载OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1111, OECD Publishing, 2014.
(2)1998年、2000年、2002年、2006年、2007年、2008年、2014年、2015等年份公务员退休工资都有比较明显的增长。
(3)2010年老人户口从湖南省转移到上海市,享受每个月一定数量的支内补贴。
[2]NGARAMBE O,GOETZ S J,DEBERTIN D L.Regional Economic Growth and Income Distribution:County-Level Evidence from the U.S.South[J].Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics,1998,30(2):325-337.
[3]ICELAND J.Why Poverty Remains High:The Role Of Income Growth,Economic Inequality,And Changes In Family Structure,1949-1999[J].Demography,2003,30(3):499-519.
[4]PEDRONI P,YAO J Y.Regional Income Divergence in China[J].Journal of Asian Economics,2006,17(1):294-315.
[5]LAU C K M.New Evidence about Regional Income Divergence in China[J].China Economic Review,2010,21(2):293-309.
[6]CARR S,TIENDA M.Family Sponsorship and Late-Age Immigration in Aging America:Revised and Expanded Estimates of Chained Migration[J].Popul Res Policy Rev,2013,32(4):825-849.
[7]NARAYAN P K,SMYTH R.What Determines Migration Flows from Low-income to High-income Countries?---An Empirical Investigation of Fiji-U.S.migration 1972-2001[J].Contemporary Economic Policy,2006,24(2):332-342.
[8]KIBRIA N.Age,Narrative and Migration:The Life Course and Life Histories of Bengali Elders in London[J].International Migration Review,2004,38(2):787-799.
[9]李连友,宋泽,刘子兰.城镇移民生活福利水平研究[J].中国人口科学,2014(6):62-70.
[10]SCHNITTKER J.Diagnosing Our National Disease:Trends in Income and Happiness,1973 to 2004[J].Social Psychology Quarterly.2008,71(3):257-280.
[11]BLOCK L.Regulating Membership:Explaining Restriction and Stratification of Family Migration in Europe[J].Journal of family issues,2015,36(11):1433-1452.
[12]SUN F,XIAO J J.Perceived Social Policy Fairness and Subjective Wellbeing:Evidence from China[J].Soc Indic Res,2012,107(1):171-186.
[13]孙三百,白金兰.迁移行为、户籍获取与城市移民幸福感流失[J].经济评论,2014(6):101-112.
[14]WONG C K,WONG K Y,MOK B H.Subjective Well-being,Societal Condition and Social Policy---the Case Study of Rich Chinese Society[J].Social Indicators Research,2006,78(2):405-428.
(1)参见Causa O:Economic Growth from the Household Perspective: GDP and Income Distribution Developments Across OECD Countries,载OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1111, OECD Publishing, 2014.
(2)1998年、2000年、2002年、2006年、2007年、2008年、2014年、2015等年份公务员退休工资都有比较明显的增长。
(3)2010年老人户口从湖南省转移到上海市,享受每个月一定数量的支内补贴。