山东半岛东部海域泥质区冬季悬浮泥沙时空变化及输运机制
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摘要
根据2015年12月山东半岛东部海域4个站位25h同步连续定点海流观测和悬浮泥沙取样资料,分析了研究区悬浮泥沙浓度、粒度时空分布特征和变化规律;通过计算再悬浮与沉积通量、理查森数并结合通量机制分解法,探讨了影响悬浮泥沙变化的因素,揭示了悬沙输运机制。结果表明,涨潮时段悬浮泥沙浓度略大于落潮时段,悬浮泥沙浓度与潮流流速大致呈正相关关系,且存在轻微的滞后现象;悬浮泥沙类型均为粘土质粉砂,分选差,存在再悬浮现象;悬浮泥沙垂向混合剧烈,个别时段有轻微的层化现象,平流输运是造成该海域悬浮泥沙输运的最主要因素。
According to the 25 hsynchronous continuous observation of four stations,which didin the eastern sea of Shandong Peninsula in December 2015,characteristics ofspatiotemporal distribution and variation of suspended sediment concentrationand particle sizewereanalyzed.By calculatingthe sedimentary flux,Richardson number and suspended sediment flux,the factors affecting the change of suspended sediment concentration(SSC)and transport mechanismwere discussed.Results show that suspended sediment concentration at high tide is slightly greater than that at the ebb tide.There is a positive correlation between SSC andcurrent velocity sediment concentration,but there is a slight lag.The type of suspended sediment type is clayey silt,poor sorting,and fined sediment in the study area can be suspension.In addition,the vertical mixing of suspended sediment is intense,but there is slight stratification phenomenon in individual stations.The advection is the major mechanism for net sediment transport.
According to the 25 hsynchronous continuous observation of four stations,which didin the eastern sea of Shandong Peninsula in December 2015,characteristics ofspatiotemporal distribution and variation of suspended sediment concentrationand particle sizewereanalyzed.By calculatingthe sedimentary flux,Richardson number and suspended sediment flux,the factors affecting the change of suspended sediment concentration(SSC)and transport mechanismwere discussed.Results show that suspended sediment concentration at high tide is slightly greater than that at the ebb tide.There is a positive correlation between SSC andcurrent velocity sediment concentration,but there is a slight lag.The type of suspended sediment type is clayey silt,poor sorting,and fined sediment in the study area can be suspension.In addition,the vertical mixing of suspended sediment is intense,but there is slight stratification phenomenon in individual stations.The advection is the major mechanism for net sediment transport.
引文
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[18] Bi N,Yang Z,Wang H,et al.Seasonal variation of suspendedsediment transport through the southern Bohai Strait[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2011,93(3):239-247.
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[21]杨作升,郭志刚,王兆祥,等.黄东海陆架悬浮体向其东部深海区输送的宏观格局[J].海洋学报(中文版),1992,14(2):81-90.Yang Zuosheng,Guo Zhigang,Wang Zhaoxiang,et al.Suspended sediments on the Yellow and East China Sea Shelf and Macropattern of their being transported to the Eastern Deeper Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1992,14(2):81-90.
[22]王勇智,乔璐璐,杨作升,等.夏、冬季山东半岛东北部沿岸悬浮物输送机制的初步研究[J].泥沙研究,2012(5):49-57.Wang Yongzhi,Qiao Lulu,Yang Zuosheng,et al.Research on suspended sediment transport mechanisms along northeast coast of Shandong Peninsula in summer and in winter[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2012(5):49-57.
[23]韦钦胜,于志刚,冉祥滨,等.黄海西部沿岸流系特征分析及其对物质输运的影响[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(2):145-156.Wei Qinsheng,Yu Zhigang,Ran Xiangbin,et al.Characteristics of the western coastal current of the Yellow Seaand its impacts on material transportation[J].Advance in Earth Science,2011,26(2):145-156.
[24]程鹏,高抒,刘敬圃,等.北黄海西部全新统分布的初步认识[J].第四纪研究,2001,21(4):37-45.Cheng Peng,Gai Shu,Liu Qingpu,et al.Preliminary analysis of the distribution of Holocene deposits in the west of the North Yellow Sea[J].Quaternary Research,2001,21(4):37-45.
[25]王安国,张训华,李广雪,等.山东半岛近岸海区全新世泥质沉积体研究现状[J].海洋地质前沿,2013,29(10):52-58.Wang Anguo,Zhang Xunhua,Li Guangxue,et al.A review of the sedimentation of the Holocene clinoform off Shandong Peninsula[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2013,29(10):52-58.
[26] Partheniades E.Erosion and deposition of cohesive soil.Journal of the Hydraulics Division[J].Journal of the Hydraulics Division,1965,91:105-139.
[27] Krone B R.Flume Studies of the Transport of Sediment in Estuarial Shoaling Processes[M].Hydraulic Engineering Laboratory and Sanitary Engineering Research Laboratory,Berkeley:University of California,1962:110.
[28] DYER K R.Estuaries:A Physical Introduction[M].Singapore:John Wiley&Sons,1997:195.
[29]Hickox R,Belkin I,et al.Climatology and seasonal variability of ocean fronts in the East China,Yellow and Bohai Seas[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2000,27(18):2945-2948.
[30] Yang S Y.A review on the provenance discrimination of sediments in the Yellow Sea[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2003,63:90-120.
[31]杨子赓.海洋地质学[M].济南:山东教育出版社,2005:166-167.Yang Zigeng.Marine Geology[M].Jinan:Shandong Education Press,2005:166-167.
[32]孔祥淮,刘健,李巍然,等.山东半岛东北部海底表层沉积物粒度分布特征和沉积作用研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2006,3:37-47.Kong Xianghuai,Liu Jian,Li Weiran,et al.Study on grain sine distribution of surface sediments and modern sedimentation in the littoral zone in the northeastern part of the Shangdong Peninsula[J],Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2006,3:37-47.
[33] Jin J H,Chough S K.Partitioning of transgressive deposits in the southeastern Yellow Sea:a sequence stratigraphic interpretation[J].Marine Geology,1998,149:79-92.
[34]蓝先洪,张训华,张志珣.南黄海沉积物的物质来源及运移研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2005,4:53-60.Lan Xianhong,Zhang Xunhua,Zhang Zhixun.Material sources and transportation of sediments in the Southern Yellow Sea[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2005,4:53-60.
[35]李国胜,王海龙,李柏良.渤海风驱-潮致拉格朗日余流的数值模拟与季相时空变异[J].地理研究,2005,24(3):359-370.Li Guosheng,Wang Hailong,Li Boliang.Numerical simulation on the wind-driven and tide-induced Lagrangian residual circulation and its seasonal spatial-temporal variations in the Bohai Sea[J].Geographical Research,2005,24(3):359-370.
[36]李凤业,高抒,贾建军,等.黄、渤海泥质沉积区现代沉积速率[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(4):364-369.Li Fengye,Gao Shu,Jia Jianjun,et al.Contemporary deposition rates of fine-grained sediment in the Bohai and Yellow Seas[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,2002,33(4):364-369.
[2] Qiao L L,Zhong Y,Wang N,et al.Seasonal transportation and deposition of the suspended sediments in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea and the related mechanisms[J].Ocean Dynamics,2016,66:751-766.
[3]窦衍光,李军,杨守业.山东半岛东部海域表层沉积物元素组成及物源指示意义[J].海洋学报(中文版),2012,34(1):109-119.Dou Yanguang,Lijun,Yang Shouye.Element compositions and provenance implication of surface sediments in offshore areas of the eastern Shangdong Peninsula in China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2012,34(1):109-119.
[4]藏政晨,王厚杰,薛佐,等.黄海近岸锋面的时空变化及其对沉积物输运和沉积的影响[J].海洋地质前沿,2015,31(7):1-10.Zang Zhengchen,Wang Houjie,Xue Zuo,et al.Temporal and spatial variability of nearshore fronts in the Yellow Sea and its influence on sediment transport and deposition[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2015,31(7):1-10.
[5]王利波,杨作升,赵晓辉,等.南黄海中部泥质区YE-2孔8.4kaBP来的沉积特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪,2009,29(5):1-11.Wang Libo,Yang Zuosheng,Zhao Xiaohui,et al.Sedimentary characteristics of core YE-2from the central mud area in the South Yellow Sea during lasr 8400years and its interspace coarse layers[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2009,29(5):1-11.
[6] Kirby J R,Kirby R.Medium timescale stability of tidal mudflats in Bridgwater Bay,Bristol Channel,influence of tides,waves and climatee[J].Continental Shelf Research,2008,28:2615-2629.
[7] Milliman J D Q Y S,Ren M E,Saito Y.Man's influence on the erosion and transport of sediment by Asian rivers:the Yellow River(Huanghe)example[J].Journal of Geology,1987,95:751-762.
[8] Liu J P,Milliman J D.Holocene development of the Yellow River's subaqueous delta,North Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology,2004,209(1-4):45-67.
[9] Liu J,Saito Y,Wang H,et al.Sedimentary evolution of the Holocene subaqueous clinoform off the Shandong Peninsula in the Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology,2007,236:165-187.
[10] Yang Z S,Liu J P.A unique Yellow River-derived distal subaqueous delta in the Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology,2007,240:169-176.
[11]赵一阳,李凤业.南黄海沉积速率和沉积通量的初步研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1991,22(1):38-43.Zhao Yiyang,Li Fengye.Preliminary studies on sedimentation rate and sediment flux of the South Huanghai Sea[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1991,22(1):38-43.
[12] Xiang R,Yang ZS,Saito Y,et al.Paleoenvironmental changes during the last 8400years in the southern Yellow Sea:Benthic foraminiferal and stable isotopic evidence[J].Marine Micropaleontology,2008,67(1-2):104-119.
[13]赵一阳,李凤业,秦朝阳.试论南黄海中部泥的物源及成因[J].地球化学,1991,2:112-117.Zhao Yiyang,Li Fengye,Qin Zhaoyang.Source and genesis of mud in the central part of the South Yellow Sea in special reference to geochemical data[J].Geochimiaca,1991,2:112-117.
[14] Zhang J Q,Liu J,Wang H X,et al.Characteristics and provenance implication of detrital minerals since Marine Isotope Stage 3in Core SYS-0701in the western South Huanghai Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2013,32(4):49-58.
[15] Lu J,Qiao F L,Wang X H,et al.A numerical study of transport dynamics and seasonal variability of the Yellow River sediment in the Bohai and Yellow seas[J].Coastal and Shelf Science,2011,95(1):39-51.
[16]任美锷.黄河的输沙量:过去、现在和将来[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(6):551-563.Renmeie.Sediment transport of the Yellow River:past,present and future[J].Advances in Earth Science,2006,21(6):551-563.
[17] Zhou C Y,Dong P,Li G X.Hydrodynamic processes and their impacts on the mud deposit in the Southern Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology,2015,360:1-16.
[18] Bi N,Yang Z,Wang H,et al.Seasonal variation of suspendedsediment transport through the southern Bohai Strait[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2011,93(3):239-247.
[19]孙效功,方明,黄伟.黄、东海陆架区悬浮体输运的时空变化规律[J].海洋与湖沼,2000,31(6):581-587.Sun Xiaogong,Fang Ming,Huang Wei.Spatial and temporal variations in suspended particulate matter transport on the Yellow and East China Sea shelf[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,2000,31(6):581-587.
[20]鲍献文,李真,王勇智,等.冬、夏季北黄海悬浮物分布特征[J].泥沙研究,2010(2):48-56.Bao Xianwen,Li Zhen,Wang Yongzhi,et al.Sediment distribution features in the North Yellow Sea during summer and winter[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2010(2):48-56.
[21]杨作升,郭志刚,王兆祥,等.黄东海陆架悬浮体向其东部深海区输送的宏观格局[J].海洋学报(中文版),1992,14(2):81-90.Yang Zuosheng,Guo Zhigang,Wang Zhaoxiang,et al.Suspended sediments on the Yellow and East China Sea Shelf and Macropattern of their being transported to the Eastern Deeper Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1992,14(2):81-90.
[22]王勇智,乔璐璐,杨作升,等.夏、冬季山东半岛东北部沿岸悬浮物输送机制的初步研究[J].泥沙研究,2012(5):49-57.Wang Yongzhi,Qiao Lulu,Yang Zuosheng,et al.Research on suspended sediment transport mechanisms along northeast coast of Shandong Peninsula in summer and in winter[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2012(5):49-57.
[23]韦钦胜,于志刚,冉祥滨,等.黄海西部沿岸流系特征分析及其对物质输运的影响[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(2):145-156.Wei Qinsheng,Yu Zhigang,Ran Xiangbin,et al.Characteristics of the western coastal current of the Yellow Seaand its impacts on material transportation[J].Advance in Earth Science,2011,26(2):145-156.
[24]程鹏,高抒,刘敬圃,等.北黄海西部全新统分布的初步认识[J].第四纪研究,2001,21(4):37-45.Cheng Peng,Gai Shu,Liu Qingpu,et al.Preliminary analysis of the distribution of Holocene deposits in the west of the North Yellow Sea[J].Quaternary Research,2001,21(4):37-45.
[25]王安国,张训华,李广雪,等.山东半岛近岸海区全新世泥质沉积体研究现状[J].海洋地质前沿,2013,29(10):52-58.Wang Anguo,Zhang Xunhua,Li Guangxue,et al.A review of the sedimentation of the Holocene clinoform off Shandong Peninsula[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2013,29(10):52-58.
[26] Partheniades E.Erosion and deposition of cohesive soil.Journal of the Hydraulics Division[J].Journal of the Hydraulics Division,1965,91:105-139.
[27] Krone B R.Flume Studies of the Transport of Sediment in Estuarial Shoaling Processes[M].Hydraulic Engineering Laboratory and Sanitary Engineering Research Laboratory,Berkeley:University of California,1962:110.
[28] DYER K R.Estuaries:A Physical Introduction[M].Singapore:John Wiley&Sons,1997:195.
[29]Hickox R,Belkin I,et al.Climatology and seasonal variability of ocean fronts in the East China,Yellow and Bohai Seas[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2000,27(18):2945-2948.
[30] Yang S Y.A review on the provenance discrimination of sediments in the Yellow Sea[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2003,63:90-120.
[31]杨子赓.海洋地质学[M].济南:山东教育出版社,2005:166-167.Yang Zigeng.Marine Geology[M].Jinan:Shandong Education Press,2005:166-167.
[32]孔祥淮,刘健,李巍然,等.山东半岛东北部海底表层沉积物粒度分布特征和沉积作用研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2006,3:37-47.Kong Xianghuai,Liu Jian,Li Weiran,et al.Study on grain sine distribution of surface sediments and modern sedimentation in the littoral zone in the northeastern part of the Shangdong Peninsula[J],Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2006,3:37-47.
[33] Jin J H,Chough S K.Partitioning of transgressive deposits in the southeastern Yellow Sea:a sequence stratigraphic interpretation[J].Marine Geology,1998,149:79-92.
[34]蓝先洪,张训华,张志珣.南黄海沉积物的物质来源及运移研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2005,4:53-60.Lan Xianhong,Zhang Xunhua,Zhang Zhixun.Material sources and transportation of sediments in the Southern Yellow Sea[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2005,4:53-60.
[35]李国胜,王海龙,李柏良.渤海风驱-潮致拉格朗日余流的数值模拟与季相时空变异[J].地理研究,2005,24(3):359-370.Li Guosheng,Wang Hailong,Li Boliang.Numerical simulation on the wind-driven and tide-induced Lagrangian residual circulation and its seasonal spatial-temporal variations in the Bohai Sea[J].Geographical Research,2005,24(3):359-370.
[36]李凤业,高抒,贾建军,等.黄、渤海泥质沉积区现代沉积速率[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(4):364-369.Li Fengye,Gao Shu,Jia Jianjun,et al.Contemporary deposition rates of fine-grained sediment in the Bohai and Yellow Seas[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,2002,33(4):364-369.