低熟湖相页岩内运移固体有机质和有机质孔特征——以鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长组长7油层组页岩为例
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摘要
富有机质页岩中的有机质孔是页岩储层中重要的孔隙类型,有机质孔的数量、孔径大小和分布特征对页岩油气的吸附和储集能力、储层渗透性、页岩油气赋存状态和含量均具有重要的影响。利用氩离子抛光和场发射扫描电镜分析等技术分析了鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长组长7油层组页岩中的固体有机质和不同有机质中有机质孔的发育特征。结果表明,延长组长7油层组页岩的成熟度较低(Ro为0.62%~0.85%),固体有机质中的有机质孔比较发育,有机质孔的分布和发育程度具有明显的非均一性。运移固体有机质常充填于粒间孔、黄铁矿集合体粒内孔、溶蚀孔中,运移固体有机质中有机质孔较发育,孔径相对较大,孔隙数量多,而近似平行层理定向富集的干酪根中有机质孔数量相对较少或不发育。有机质孔的孔径主要介于6~60nm、占总数的84.9%,多数有机质孔的孔径小于30nm,孔径大于100nm的孔隙仅占总数的6.1%,最大孔径可达1μm以上,不同样品的有机质孔孔径分布特征存在一定的差异。固体有机质的类型及其与无机矿物间的关系对页岩中有机质孔的发育程度具有重要的影响,运移固体有机质含量越高,有机质孔越发育。
Organic pore in organic-rich shale is an important pore type in shale reservoir.The quantity,pore size and distribution characteristics of organic pore have important effects on the adsorption and reserving capacity,reservoir permeability,the occurrence and content of shale hydrocarbons.The solid organic matter in the shale of Chang 7 oil-bearing formation,Yanchang Formation,the southeastern Ordos Basin was analyzed by argon ion polishing and field emission scanning electron microscopy.The development characteristics of organic pore in different organic matters were discussed.The results show that despite the shale maturity of Chang 7 oil-bearing formation,Yanchang Formation is relatively low(Ro=0.62%-0.85%),the organic pores in solid organic matter are relatively developed.However,the distribution and development degree of organic pores have obvious heterogeneity.The migrated solid organic matters often fill the intergranular pores,iron pyrite aggregation intra-granular pores and dissolution pores,of which the organic pores are relatively developed in large quantity with relatively large size,while the organic pores of the kerogen directionally enriched in the approximately parallel bedding are less or undeveloped.The pore sizes of organic pore are mainly in the range of 6-60 nm,accounting for 84.9% of the total.The pore sizes of most organic pores are less than 30 nm,and the pores with the size larger than 100 nm is only 6.1% of the total.The pore size distribution characteristics of organic matter for different samples varies with the maximum pore size above 1μm.The relation between the types of solid organic matters and inorganic minerals has an important influence on the development degree of organic pores in shale.The higher the content of migrated solid organic matter is,the more developed the organic pores will be.
Organic pore in organic-rich shale is an important pore type in shale reservoir.The quantity,pore size and distribution characteristics of organic pore have important effects on the adsorption and reserving capacity,reservoir permeability,the occurrence and content of shale hydrocarbons.The solid organic matter in the shale of Chang 7 oil-bearing formation,Yanchang Formation,the southeastern Ordos Basin was analyzed by argon ion polishing and field emission scanning electron microscopy.The development characteristics of organic pore in different organic matters were discussed.The results show that despite the shale maturity of Chang 7 oil-bearing formation,Yanchang Formation is relatively low(Ro=0.62%-0.85%),the organic pores in solid organic matter are relatively developed.However,the distribution and development degree of organic pores have obvious heterogeneity.The migrated solid organic matters often fill the intergranular pores,iron pyrite aggregation intra-granular pores and dissolution pores,of which the organic pores are relatively developed in large quantity with relatively large size,while the organic pores of the kerogen directionally enriched in the approximately parallel bedding are less or undeveloped.The pore sizes of organic pore are mainly in the range of 6-60 nm,accounting for 84.9% of the total.The pore sizes of most organic pores are less than 30 nm,and the pores with the size larger than 100 nm is only 6.1% of the total.The pore size distribution characteristics of organic matter for different samples varies with the maximum pore size above 1μm.The relation between the types of solid organic matters and inorganic minerals has an important influence on the development degree of organic pores in shale.The higher the content of migrated solid organic matter is,the more developed the organic pores will be.
引文
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[14]MODICA C J,LAPIERRE S G.Estimation of kerogen porosity in source rocks as a function of thermal transformation:example from the Mowry shale in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(1):87-108.
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[16]LOUCKS R G,REED R M.Scanning-electron-microscope petrographic evidence for distinguishing organic-matter pores associated with depositional organic matter versus migrated organic matter in mudrocks[J].Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Journal,2014,3:51-60.
[17]CARDOTT B J,LANDIS C R,CURTIS M E.Post-oil solid bitumen network in the Woodford shale,USA-apotential primary migration pathway[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2015,139:106-113.
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[20]张文正,杨华,李剑锋,等.论鄂尔多斯盆地长7段优质油源岩在低渗透油气成藏富集中的主导作用:强生排烃特征及机理分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(3):289-293.ZHANG Wenzheng,YANG Hua,LI Jianfeng,et al.Leading effect of high-class source rock of Chang 7in Ordos Basin on enrichment of low permeability oil-gas accumulation:hydrocarbon generation and expulsion mechanism[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(3):289-293.
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[22]郭秋麟,武娜,陈宁生,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组第7油层组致密油资源评价[J].石油学报,2017,38(6):658-665.GUO Qiulin,WU Na,CHEN Ningsheng,et al.An assessment of tight oil resource in 7th oil reservoirs of Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(6):658-665.
[23]LEI Y H,LUO X R,WANG X Z,et al.Characteristics of silty laminae in Zhangjiatan shale of southeastern Ordos Basin,China:implications for shale gas formation[J].AAPG Bulletin,2015,99(4):661-687.
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[26]王香增.延长石油集团非常规天然气勘探开发进展[J].石油学报,2016,37(1):137-144.WANG Xiangzeng.Advances in unconventional gas exploration and development of Yanchang Petroleum Group[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(1):137-144.
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[28]马中良,郑伦举,徐旭辉,等.富有机质页岩有机孔隙形成与演化的热模拟实验[J].石油学报,2017,38(1):23-30.MA Zhongliang,ZHENG Lunjun,XU Xuhui,et al.Thermal simulation experiment on the formation and evolution of organic pores in organic-rich shale[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(1):23-30.
[29]曾维特,张金川,丁文龙,等.延长组陆相页岩含气量及其主控因素——以鄂尔多斯盆地柳坪171井为例[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(2):291-301.ZENG Weite,ZHANG Jinchuan,DING Wenlong,et al.The gas content of continental Yanchang shale and its main controlling factors:a case study of Liuping-171 well in Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(2):291-301.
[30]雷裕红,王晖,罗晓容,等.鄂尔多斯盆地张家滩页岩液态烃特征及对页岩气量估算的影响[J].石油学报,2016,37(8):952-961.LEI Yuhong,WANG Hui,LUO Xiaorong,et al.The characteristics of liquid hydrocarbon in Zhangjiatan shale,Ordos Basin and its effects on the estimation of shale gas amount[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(8):952-961.
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