2015年4月25日尼泊尔M_w7.9级地震震源过程
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摘要
<正>当地时间2015年4月25日14点11分(UTC2015-04-25 06:11:26),喜马拉雅南侧尼泊尔境内发生了Mw7.9级地震,美国地质调查局提供的震中位置为(28.147°N,84.708°E),震源深度为15.0 km.这次地震以及伴随的次生灾害滑坡、雪崩等对包括首都加德满都在内的尼泊尔以及中国西藏的喜马拉雅北部地区造成严重破坏,带来了重大的人员伤亡和财产损失.这次地震发生在印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞汇聚带之喜马拉雅弧型活动构造区.该地区印度板块以~40 mm/a的速率北向俯冲于欧亚大陆板块之下,喜马拉雅和印度板块汇聚率达~18 mm/a(Bilham等,
引文
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Okada Y.1992.Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space.Bull Seism Soc Am 82:1018–1040
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Sapkota S N,Bollinger L,Klinger Y,Tapponnier P,Gaudemer Y,Tiwari D.2013.Primary surface ruptures of the great Himalayan earthquakes in 1934 and 1255.Nature Geosci,6:71–76
Stein R S.1999.The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence.Nature,402:605–609
Wang W M,He Y M,Yao Z X.2004.Complexity of the coseismic rupture for 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake(Taiwan)from inversion of GPS observations.Tectonophysics,382:151–172
谢小碧,姚振兴.1989.计算分层介质中位错点源静态位移解的广义反射透射系数矩阵和离散波数方法.地球物理学报,32:270–280
姚振兴,纪晨.1997.时间域内有限地震断层的反演问题.地球物理学报,40:691–701
Ader T,Avouac J P,Liu-Zeng J,Lyon-Caen H,Bollinger L,Galetzka J,Genrich J,Thomas M,Chanard K,Sapkota S N,Rajaure S,Shrestha P,Ding L,Flouzat M.2012.Convergence rate across the Nepal Himalaya and interseismic coupling on the Main Himalayan Thrust:Implications for seismic hazard.J Geophys Res,117:B04403,doi:10.1029/2011JB009071
Ambraseys N N,Douglas J.2004.Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes.Geophys J Int,159:165–206
Bassin C,Laske G,Masters G.2000.The current limits of resolution for surface wave tomography in North America.EOS Trans AGU,81:F897
Bettinelli P,Avouac J P,Flouzat M,Jouanne F,Bollinger L,Willis P,Chitrakar G R.2006.Plate motion of India and interseismic strain in the Nepal Himalaya from GPS and DORIS measurements.J Geod,80:567–589
Bilham R,Blume F,Bendick R,Gaur V K.1998.Geodetic constraints on the translation and deformation of India:Implications for future great Himalayan earthquakes.Curr Sci,74:213–229
Bilham R,Larson K,Freymueller J,Project Idylhim members.1997.GPS measurements of present-day convergence across the Nepal Himalaya.Nature,386:61–64
Bollinger L,Sapkota S N,Tapponnier P,Klinger Y,Rizza M,Van Der Woerd J,Tiwari D R,Pandey R,Bitri A,Bes de Berc S.2014.Estimating the return times of great Himalayan earthquakes in eastern Nepal:Evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the Main Frontal Thrust.J Geophys Res,119:7123–7163
Boore D M.2003.Prediction of ground motion using the stochastic method.Pure Appl Geophys,160:635–676
Cattin R,Avouac J P.2000.Modeling mountain building and the seismic cycle in the Himalaya of Nepal.J Geophys Res,105:13389–13407
Feldl N,Bilham R.2006.Great Himalayan earthquakes and the Tibetan plateau.Nature,444:165–170
Hartzell S H,Heaton T H.1983.Inversion of strong ground motion and teleseismic waveform data for the fault rupture history of the 1979Imperial Valley,California earthquake.Bull Seism Soc Am,73:1553–1583
Ji C,Wald D J,Helmberger D V.2002.Source description of the 1999 Hector Mine,California earthquake.part I:Wavelet domain inversion theory and resolution analysis.Bull Seism Soc Am,92:1192–1207
Kanamori H.1977.The energy release in great earthquake.J Geophys Res,82:2981–2987
LavéJ,Avouac J P.2000.Active folding of fluvial terraces across the Siwaliks Hills,Himalayas of central Nepal.J Geophys Res,105:5735–5770
Ni S,Kanamori H,Helmberger D.2005.Energy radiation from the Sumatra earthquake.Nature,434:582–582
Okada Y.1992.Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space.Bull Seism Soc Am 82:1018–1040
Parsons T,Toda S,Stein R S,Barka A,Dieterich J H.2000.Heightened odds of large earthquakes near Istanbul:An interaction-based probability calculation.Science,288:661–665
Sapkota S N,Bollinger L,Klinger Y,Tapponnier P,Gaudemer Y,Tiwari D.2013.Primary surface ruptures of the great Himalayan earthquakes in 1934 and 1255.Nature Geosci,6:71–76
Stein R S.1999.The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence.Nature,402:605–609
Wang W M,He Y M,Yao Z X.2004.Complexity of the coseismic rupture for 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake(Taiwan)from inversion of GPS observations.Tectonophysics,382:151–172