广州市餐饮店分布演变特征与影响因素
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摘要
以2014、2017年广州市区餐饮POI数据为基础,运用GIS空间分析方法对城市餐饮店的时空变化及集聚特征进行分析,并进一步探讨其分布的影响因素。研究表明:①2014—2017年广州市区餐饮店总体呈现由"双核"向"多核"转变的空间分布模式,具有显著的空间集聚特征。②2014—2017年各类餐饮店在不同区域的集聚程度不同,空间差异性特征表现明显:粤菜馆占主导地位,高密度集聚区增多,川、湘菜馆的发展变化较小,快餐厅和外国餐厅的集聚范围不断扩大,东北菜馆的集聚区减少。③交通站点、居民区、写字楼、工业园、地价与餐饮店的相关性显著,且影响程度不同:餐饮店与交通站点、写字楼、居民区的相关性较强,与工业园的相关性较弱,且在中高等级地价区集聚较多。因此,在城市发展进程中,餐饮业区位选址及发展规划需综合地理因素和人为因素。
Knowing the spatial and temporal variation and distribution characteristics of the catering industry is of great significance to urban economic development, business management and decision-making. Based on the POI data of Guangzhou restaurants in 2014 and 2017, the spatial and temporal evolution and agglomeration characteristics of urban restaurant are analyzed with GIS spatial analysis method, and the influencing factors of its distribution are discussed. The results showed that: 1) In 2014-2017, spatial distribution pattern of the restaurants in Guangzhou varied from "dual core" to "multi core", which had significant spatial concentration characteristics. 2) There are spatial differences in different types of restaurants in 2014-2017. Cantonese cuisine restaurants occupy the dominant position, high density agglomeration areas are increasing, Sichuan and Hunan cuisine restaurants have little change, the agglomeration range of fast-food restaurants and foreign restaurants is expanding, and the agglomeration areas of northeastern restaurants are reduced. 3) The influence degree of the traffic station, residential area, the commercial center, the industrial park and the land price on the distribution of the restaurant is different. The restaurant has a higher correlation with the traffic station,residential area and the commercial center and there are more agglomeration in the areas of middle and high grade land price. Therefore, in the process of urban development, location selection and development planning of catering industry should integrate geographical and human factors. The research results can provide reference for the development planning and optimization management of urban catering industry.
Knowing the spatial and temporal variation and distribution characteristics of the catering industry is of great significance to urban economic development, business management and decision-making. Based on the POI data of Guangzhou restaurants in 2014 and 2017, the spatial and temporal evolution and agglomeration characteristics of urban restaurant are analyzed with GIS spatial analysis method, and the influencing factors of its distribution are discussed. The results showed that: 1) In 2014-2017, spatial distribution pattern of the restaurants in Guangzhou varied from "dual core" to "multi core", which had significant spatial concentration characteristics. 2) There are spatial differences in different types of restaurants in 2014-2017. Cantonese cuisine restaurants occupy the dominant position, high density agglomeration areas are increasing, Sichuan and Hunan cuisine restaurants have little change, the agglomeration range of fast-food restaurants and foreign restaurants is expanding, and the agglomeration areas of northeastern restaurants are reduced. 3) The influence degree of the traffic station, residential area, the commercial center, the industrial park and the land price on the distribution of the restaurant is different. The restaurant has a higher correlation with the traffic station,residential area and the commercial center and there are more agglomeration in the areas of middle and high grade land price. Therefore, in the process of urban development, location selection and development planning of catering industry should integrate geographical and human factors. The research results can provide reference for the development planning and optimization management of urban catering industry.
引文
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[23]王洋,杨忍,李强,等.广州市银行业的空间布局特征与模式[J].地理科学,2016,36(5):742-750.
[24]李阳,陈晓红.哈尔滨市商业中心时空演变与空间集聚特征研究[J].地理研究,2017,36(7):1 377-1 385.
[25] Okabe A,Satoh T,Sugihara K. A kernel density estimation method for networks,its computational method and a GISbased tool[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2009,23(1):7-32.
[2] Ruoh-Nan Yan,Eckman M. Are lifestyle centres unique?Consumers'perceptions across locations[J]. International Journal of Retail&Distribution Management,2009,37(1):24-42.
[3] Ghosh A,Craig C S. A Location Allocation Model for Facility Planning in a Competitive Environment[J]. Geographical Analysis,2010,16(1):39-51.
[4] Huff D. A probability analysis of shopping center trading areas[J]. Land Economics,1963,39(1):81-90.
[5] Black W. Retail Geography[J]. Economic Geography,1982,58(3):303-304.
[6] Prayag G,LandréM,Ryan C. Restaurant location in Hamilton,New Zealand:clustering patterns from 1996 to 2008[J]. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,2012,24(3):430-450.
[7]陈传康.中国饮食文化的区域分化和发展趋势[J].地理学报,1994,49(3):226-235.
[8]蓝勇.中国饮食辛辣口味的地理分布及其成因研究[J].地理研究,2001,20(2):229-237.
[9]蔡晓梅,甘巧林,张朝枝.广州饮食文化景观的空间特征及其形成机理分析[J].社会科学家,2004(2):95-98.
[10]胡志毅,张兆干.城市饭店的空间布局分析——以南京市为例[J].经济地理,2002,22(1):106-110.
[11]袁小红,毛端谦,刘婕.城市星级饭店空间分布模式分析——以南昌市为例[J].江西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2010,34(3):325-330.
[12]程易易.成都市中心区餐饮业空间结构及影响因素研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2017.
[13]赖怡琳.广州市城市餐饮产业集群规划设计研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2012.
[14]邬伦,刘亮,田原,等.基于网络K函数法的地理对象分布模式分析——以香港岛餐饮业空间格局为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2013,29(5):7-11.
[15]方嘉雯.北京五道口地区韩国餐饮业空间布局特征与集聚机理分析[J].经济地理,2014,34(12):106-113.
[16]杨帆,徐建刚,周亮.基于DBSCAN空间聚类的广州市区餐饮集群识别及空间特征分析[J].经济地理,2016,36(10):110-116.
[17]秦萧,甄峰,朱寿佳,等.基于网络口碑度的南京城区餐饮业空间分布格局研究——以大众点评网为例[J].地理科学,2014,34(7):810-817.
[18] Cliff A,Ord J K. Spatial Processes:Models and Application[M]. London:Pion,1981.
[19]陈刚强,李郇,许学强.中国城市人口的空间集聚特征与规律分析[J].地理学报,2008,63(10):1 045-1 054.
[20]车冰清,简晓彬,陆玉麒.江苏省商业网点的空间分布特征及其区域差异因素[J].地球信息科学学报,2017,19(8):1 060-1 068.
[21]王茂军,张学霞,吴骏毅,等.社区尺度认知地图扭曲的空间分析——基于首师大和北林大的个案研究[J].人文地理,2009,24(3):54-60.
[22]张珣,钟耳顺,张小虎,等. 2004—2008年北京城区商业网点空间分布与集聚特征[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(8):1 207-1 215.
[23]王洋,杨忍,李强,等.广州市银行业的空间布局特征与模式[J].地理科学,2016,36(5):742-750.
[24]李阳,陈晓红.哈尔滨市商业中心时空演变与空间集聚特征研究[J].地理研究,2017,36(7):1 377-1 385.
[25] Okabe A,Satoh T,Sugihara K. A kernel density estimation method for networks,its computational method and a GISbased tool[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2009,23(1):7-32.