全球锂矿供应形势及我国资源安全保障建议
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摘要
全球锂矿资源70%以上集中分布在南美普纳高原的锂三角地区,中国锂资源探明储量为649万t,占全球的11.6%,居全球第三位。全球锂资源集中分布导致了寡头供应的格局,澳大利亚、智利和阿根廷供应了全球近90%的锂原料,当前全球锂资源尚处于供需平衡的状态,但中长期供需将为紧平衡状态。目前,我国是全球第一大锂消费国,消费量占全球的47.3%,尽管我国锂资源丰富,但供应能力较弱,生产成本高;虽然我国锂业公司掌握了境外部分优质锂资源,但国际话语权较弱;我国锂原料供应对外依存度高达84.5%,存在一定的安全隐患。建议在加强境内锂资源勘查投入和关键性提锂技术研发的同时,实现跨区域联合发展的锂全产业链建设;此外企业应在全球重点矿集区建立境外资源产业基地。
Over 70% of the world lithium reserves are distributed in the"lithium triangle",Pune plateau,South America.China's lithium reserves are 6.49 Mt,ranking the third in the world,accounting for 11.6%.It gradually forms an oligopoly of supply because of concentrated distribution,Australia,Chile and Argentina supply nearly 90%of the world's lithium.Although the supply and demand of lithum are balance at present,but will be in a tight balance in the medium and long term,because the demand increases continuously and rapidly with the development of new energy industry,on the contrary,the release of the mining capacity is limited.China is the world's largest lithium consumer,accounting for 47.3% global consumption.Although lithium resources in China are rich,but the supply capacity is weak,the production cost is high.Chinese lithium company has acquired some high-quality lithium resources abroad,but the international speaking right is still weak.The lithium external dependence is as high as 84.5%in China,resulting in some security risks.It is suggested that the government should enhance domestic lithium resources exploration investment and key lithium technology research and development,achieve cross-regional joint development of the lithium industry chain construction;the companies need to establish resources base in the ore-centralization overseas area.
Over 70% of the world lithium reserves are distributed in the"lithium triangle",Pune plateau,South America.China's lithium reserves are 6.49 Mt,ranking the third in the world,accounting for 11.6%.It gradually forms an oligopoly of supply because of concentrated distribution,Australia,Chile and Argentina supply nearly 90%of the world's lithium.Although the supply and demand of lithum are balance at present,but will be in a tight balance in the medium and long term,because the demand increases continuously and rapidly with the development of new energy industry,on the contrary,the release of the mining capacity is limited.China is the world's largest lithium consumer,accounting for 47.3% global consumption.Although lithium resources in China are rich,but the supply capacity is weak,the production cost is high.Chinese lithium company has acquired some high-quality lithium resources abroad,but the international speaking right is still weak.The lithium external dependence is as high as 84.5%in China,resulting in some security risks.It is suggested that the government should enhance domestic lithium resources exploration investment and key lithium technology research and development,achieve cross-regional joint development of the lithium industry chain construction;the companies need to establish resources base in the ore-centralization overseas area.
引文
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[2] WERKHEISER William H.Mineral commodity summaries[R].USGS,2018:98-99.
[3] Sociedad Quimicay Minera de Chile S.A.2017annual report[EB/OL].http:∥www.sqm.com/aspx/Investor,2017-12-31/2018-01-15.
[4]李增荣,唐发满,杨尚明,等.青海盐湖锂资源开发现状及存在问题和对策分析[J].世界有色金属,2016(16):47-49.LI Zengrong,TANG Faman,YANG Shangming,et al.The development status and existing problems and countermeasures of lithium resources in Salt Lake of Qinghai[J].World Nonferrous Metals,2016(16):47-49.
[5]丰丽琴,王云帆,覃文庆,等.江西某低品位锂云母矿浮选试验研究[J].非金属矿,2019,42(1):60-62.FENG Liqin,WANG Yunfan,QIN Wenqing,et al.Experimental study on flotation of a low grade lepidolite ore from Jiangxi[J].Non-Metallic Mines,2019,42(1):60-62.
[6]付小方,张光明,郝雪峰,等.中国锂资源亟待上升到国家战略层面统筹发展[J].中国战略新兴产业,2018(2):30-32.FU Xiaofang,ZHANG Guangming,HAO Xuefeng,et al.China's lithium resources need to be promoted to the national strategic level for overall development[J].China Strategic Emerging Industry,2018(2):30-32.
[7]郜志清,佘延双.南美“锂三角”地区主要盐湖的勘探开发与投资研究[J].中国矿业,2012,21(12):29-32.GAO Zhiqing,SHE Yanshuang.The study of exploration and investment of main salt lake in South American“Lithium triangle”[J].China Mining Magazine,2012,21(12):29-32.
[8]韩凤清.青藏高原盐湖Li地球化学[J].盐湖研究,2011,9(1):55-61.HAN Fengqing.The geochemistry of lithium in salt lake on Qinghai-Tibetan plateau[J].Journal of Salt Lake Research,2011,9(1):55-61.
[9]西藏矿业发展股份有限公司.2017年年度报告[R].2018.
[10]王秋舒.全球锂矿资源勘查开发及供需形势分析[J].中国矿业,2016,25(3):11-15.WANG Qiushu.Analysis of global lithium resources exploration and development,supply and demand situation[J].China Mining Magazine,2016,25(3):11-15.
[11]王瑜,倪颖,孙雪婷,等.卤水锂资源提取技术中国专利分析[J].盐湖研究,2018,26(3):82-87.WANG Yu,NI Ying,SUN Xueting,et al.Patent analysis of lithium extraction technology from brine[J].Journal of Salt Lake Research,2018,26(3):82-87.
[12]王秋舒,元春华,许虹.全球锂矿资源分布与潜力分析[J].中国矿业,2015,24(2):10-17.WANG Qiushu,YUAN Chunhua,XU Hong.Analysis of the global lithium resource distribution and potential[J].China Mining Magazine,2015,24(2):10-17.
[13]佘延双.国际锂矿资源勘探开发的机会与投资策略[J].国土资源情报,2018(2):41-45.SHE Yanshuang.Study on the exploration and development of the world's lithium resources[J].Land and Resources Information,2018(2):41-45.