噪音背景下老龄化对汉语语音感知的影响
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摘要
本文旨在讨论噪音背景下老龄化对汉语元音和声调感知的影响。本研究考察安静、语音型噪音、语音调制型噪音以及信噪比为-4和-8dB条件下,老年人和年轻人对汉语元音+声调、元音和声调的语音感知表现。结果表明,老龄化对汉语语音的感知有显著影响:噪音对老年人的影响更大,他们和年轻人的差距进一步拉大;同时,语音型噪音带来的能量掩蔽和信息掩蔽对老年人的影响也都大于年轻人。
The purpose of the current study was to examine aging effect on the perception of Chinese vowels and tones in noisy environment. Identification tests of the Mandarin vowels and tones by the older and younger listeners were conducted in quiet environment,babble-modulated noisy environment,and two-talker babble environment with the signal-to-noise ratios of -4 and -8 dB. The results suggested that aging had a detrimental effect on Mandarin vowel and tone perception. Greater noise interferences were observed for the older listeners than for the younger listeners. Meanwhile,the current study also suggested that both energetic masking and informational masking of babble noise had significantly more negative impacts on the older listeners than their younger counterparts.
The purpose of the current study was to examine aging effect on the perception of Chinese vowels and tones in noisy environment. Identification tests of the Mandarin vowels and tones by the older and younger listeners were conducted in quiet environment,babble-modulated noisy environment,and two-talker babble environment with the signal-to-noise ratios of -4 and -8 dB. The results suggested that aging had a detrimental effect on Mandarin vowel and tone perception. Greater noise interferences were observed for the older listeners than for the younger listeners. Meanwhile,the current study also suggested that both energetic masking and informational masking of babble noise had significantly more negative impacts on the older listeners than their younger counterparts.
引文
[1]徐李娟,黄莹,吴玺宏,吴艳红,李量.“鸡尾酒会”环境中的知觉线索的去掩蔽作用[J].心理科学进展,2009,(17).
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[16]Helfer,K.S.&Wilber,L.A.Hearing loss,age,and speech perception in reverberation and noise[J].J.Speech Hear.Res.,1990,(33).
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[18]Harkrider,A.W.,Plyler,P.N.&Hedrick,M.S.Effect of age and spectral shaping on perception and neural representation of stop consonant stimuli[J].Clinical Neurophysiology,2005,(116).
[19]Hockett,C.F.A manual of phonology[M].Baltimore:Waverly Press,1955.
[20]Jin,S.H.&Nelson,P.Speech perception in gated noise[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2006,(119).
[21]Jin,S.H.,Liu,C.&Sladen,D.The effects of aging on speech perception in noise[J].J.Am.Acad.Audiol.,2014,25(7).
[22]Li,M.S.,Wang,W.J.,Tao,S.,Dong,Q.,Guan,J.J.&Liu,C.Mandarin Chinese vowel-plus-tone identification in noise:Effects of language experience[J].Hear.Res.,2016,(331).
[23]Liu,C.,Azimi,B.,Bhandary,M.,&Hu,Y.Contribution of low-frequency harmonics to Mandarin Chinese tone identification in quiet and six-talker babble background[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2014,(135).
[24]Mattys,S.&Scharenborg,O.Phoneme categorization and discrimination in younger and older adults[J].Psychology&Aging,2014,29(1).
[25]Mattys,S.&Wiget,L.Effects of cognitive load on speech recognition[J].J.Mem.&Lang.,2011,(65).
[26]Pichora-Fuller,M.K.Processing speed and timing in aging adults[J].Int.J.Audiol.,2003,(42).
[27]Roudaia,E.,Sekuler,A.,Bennett,P.&Sekuler,R.Aging and audio-visual and multi-cue integration in motion[J].Front.in Psychology,2013,doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00267.
[28]Studebaker,G.A.‘rationalized’arcsine transform[J].J.Speech,Lang.Hear.Res,1985,(42).
[29]Strouse,A.,Ashmead,D.H.,Ohde,R.N.&Grantham,D.W.Temporal processing in aging auditory system[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1998,(104(4)).
[30]Tremblay,K.L.,Piskosz,M.&Souza,P.Effects of age and age-related hearing loss on the neuralrepresentation of speech cues[J].Clinical Neurophysiology,2003,(114).
[31]Tun,P.A,O’Kane,G.&Wingfield,A.Distraction by competing speech in young and older listeners[J].Psychology and Aging,2002,(17).
[32]Wang,W.S.-Y.The measurement of functional load[J].Phonetica,1967,(16).
[33]Wang Y.X.,Yang,X.H.,Zhang,H.,Xu L.L.,Xu C.&Liu,C.Aging effect on categorical perception of Mandarin tones 2 and 3 and thresholds of pitch contour discrimination[J].Am.J.Audiol.,2017,26(1).
[34]Yang,X.H.,Wang,Y.X.,Xu,L.L.,Zhang,H.,Xu,C.&Liu,C.Aging effect on Mandarin Chinese vowel and tone identification[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2015,138(4).
[2]孔江平,李永宏.基于语言结构功能的音位负担计算方法[J].方言,2016,(1).
[3]Agus,T.R.,Akeroyd,M.A.,Gatehouse,S.&Warden,D.Information masking in young and elderly listeners for speech masked by simultaneous speech and noise[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.2009,(126).
[4]Arbogast,T.L.,Mason,C.R.&Kidd,G.The effect of spatial separation on informational and energetic masking of speech[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2002,(112).
[5]Bidelman,G.M.,Villafuerte,J.W.,Moreno,S.&Alain,C.Age-related changes in the subcorticalcortical encoding and categorical perception of speech[J].Neurobiology of Aging,2014,(35).
[6]CHABA.Speech understanding and aging[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1988,(83(3)).
[7]Chen,F.,Wong,L.L.N.&Hu,Y.Effects of lexical tone contour on Mandarin sentence intelligibility[J].J.Speech Hear.Res.,2014,(57).
[8]Dubno,J.R.,Horwitz,A.R.&Ahlstrom,J.B.Benefit of modulated maskers for speech recognition by younger and older adults with normal hearing[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2002,111(6).
[9]Dubno,J.R.,Horwitz,A.R.&Ahlstrom,J.B.Recovery from prior stimulation[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2003,113(4).
[10]Durlach,N,Manson,C.R.,Kidd,G.,Arbogast,T.L.,Colburn,H.S.,&Shinn-Cunningham,B.G.Note on informational masking[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2003,(113).
[11]George,L.J.,Festen,J.&Houtgast,T.Factors affecting masking release for speech in modulated noise for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2006,(120).
[12]Gordon-Salant,S.&Fitzgibbons,P.J.Temporal factors and speech recognition performance in young and elderly listeners[J].J.Speech Hear.Res.,1993,36.
[13]Gordon-Salant,S.&Fitzgibbons,P.J.Effects of stimulus and noise rate variability on speech perception by younger and older adults[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2004,115(4).
[14]Gordon-Salant,S.,Yeni-Komshian,G.H.,Fitzgibbons,P.J.&Barrett,J.Age-related differences in identification and discrimination of temporal cues in speech segments[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2006,119.
[15]He,N.,Mills,J.H.&Dubno,J.R.Frequency modulation detection:Effects of age,psychophysical method,and modulation wave-form[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2007,(122).
[16]Helfer,K.S.&Wilber,L.A.Hearing loss,age,and speech perception in reverberation and noise[J].J.Speech Hear.Res.,1990,(33).
[17]Helfer,K.S.&Freyman,R.L.Aging and speech-on-speech masking[J].Ear Hear.,2008,29(1).
[18]Harkrider,A.W.,Plyler,P.N.&Hedrick,M.S.Effect of age and spectral shaping on perception and neural representation of stop consonant stimuli[J].Clinical Neurophysiology,2005,(116).
[19]Hockett,C.F.A manual of phonology[M].Baltimore:Waverly Press,1955.
[20]Jin,S.H.&Nelson,P.Speech perception in gated noise[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2006,(119).
[21]Jin,S.H.,Liu,C.&Sladen,D.The effects of aging on speech perception in noise[J].J.Am.Acad.Audiol.,2014,25(7).
[22]Li,M.S.,Wang,W.J.,Tao,S.,Dong,Q.,Guan,J.J.&Liu,C.Mandarin Chinese vowel-plus-tone identification in noise:Effects of language experience[J].Hear.Res.,2016,(331).
[23]Liu,C.,Azimi,B.,Bhandary,M.,&Hu,Y.Contribution of low-frequency harmonics to Mandarin Chinese tone identification in quiet and six-talker babble background[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2014,(135).
[24]Mattys,S.&Scharenborg,O.Phoneme categorization and discrimination in younger and older adults[J].Psychology&Aging,2014,29(1).
[25]Mattys,S.&Wiget,L.Effects of cognitive load on speech recognition[J].J.Mem.&Lang.,2011,(65).
[26]Pichora-Fuller,M.K.Processing speed and timing in aging adults[J].Int.J.Audiol.,2003,(42).
[27]Roudaia,E.,Sekuler,A.,Bennett,P.&Sekuler,R.Aging and audio-visual and multi-cue integration in motion[J].Front.in Psychology,2013,doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00267.
[28]Studebaker,G.A.‘rationalized’arcsine transform[J].J.Speech,Lang.Hear.Res,1985,(42).
[29]Strouse,A.,Ashmead,D.H.,Ohde,R.N.&Grantham,D.W.Temporal processing in aging auditory system[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1998,(104(4)).
[30]Tremblay,K.L.,Piskosz,M.&Souza,P.Effects of age and age-related hearing loss on the neuralrepresentation of speech cues[J].Clinical Neurophysiology,2003,(114).
[31]Tun,P.A,O’Kane,G.&Wingfield,A.Distraction by competing speech in young and older listeners[J].Psychology and Aging,2002,(17).
[32]Wang,W.S.-Y.The measurement of functional load[J].Phonetica,1967,(16).
[33]Wang Y.X.,Yang,X.H.,Zhang,H.,Xu L.L.,Xu C.&Liu,C.Aging effect on categorical perception of Mandarin tones 2 and 3 and thresholds of pitch contour discrimination[J].Am.J.Audiol.,2017,26(1).
[34]Yang,X.H.,Wang,Y.X.,Xu,L.L.,Zhang,H.,Xu,C.&Liu,C.Aging effect on Mandarin Chinese vowel and tone identification[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2015,138(4).