芦山灾区中学生心理弹性与社会支持在感恩和创伤后成长间的中介作用
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摘要
目的探讨芦山地震重建3年后中学生心理弹性和社会支持在感恩与创伤后成长间的中介作用,为灾后中学生心理重建和干预提供理论依据。方法采用感恩问卷、社会支持评定量表、心理弹性量表和创伤后成长评定量表,对分层随机抽样方法选取芦山地震重建3年后的1 136名学生进行测试。结果灾区女生、高中生感恩和心理弹性得分高于男生、初中生(P值均<0.05),重灾区、家庭财产严重受损、有亲属死亡或受伤的学生在感恩、社会支持、心理弹性和创伤后成长得分高于轻灾区、家庭财产轻微受损、无亲属死亡或受伤的学生(P值均<0.05)。相关分析显示,感恩、社会支持和心理弹性均与创伤后成长呈正相关(r值分别为0.53,0.35,0.48,P值均<0.05)。中介作用分析发现,感恩不仅直接影响创伤后成长,还通过社会支持和心理弹性的部分中介作用间接影响创伤后成长,中介效应占总效应的40.1%。结论灾区中学生心理弹性与社会支持在感恩和创伤后成长间起中介作用。提升震后灾区中学生的感恩水平能够促进心理弹性水平,进而提高创伤后心理成长能力。
Objective To investigate the mediational effect of social support and resilience in the relation between gratitude and post-traumatic growth among middle school students three years after Lushan earthquake reconstruction. Methods A total of1 136 middle school students were investigated with Gratitude Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale, Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Results Among students in earthquake affected areas, gratitude and resilience scores were higher in females( 4.51±0.61 and 4.41±0.65 for gratitude; 3.54± 0.31 and 3.46± 0.27 for resilience) and junior high school students( 4.53±0.59 and 4.39± 0.62 for gratitude; 3.52± 0.29 and 3.48± 0.25 for resilience)( P < 0. 05). Gratitude, social support, resilience and post-traumatic growth scores were higher in students from heavily affected areas, and those with severe loss of property or no relatives killed or injured, compared with those from mildly affected area [( 4.56±0.62 and 4.36±0.63),( 3.64±0.51 and 3.38±0.60),( 3.63±0.33 and 3.37±0.27),( 3.27±0.53 and 3.03± 0.61) ], and with moderate loss of property[( 4.56±0.62 and 4.36±0.63),( 3.64±0.51 and 3.38±0.60),( 3.63±0.33 and 3.37±0.27),( 3.27±0.53 and 3.03±0.61) ] or having relatives killed or injured[( 4.59±0.6 and 4.33±0.64),( 3.83±0.60 and 3.19±0.76),( 3.67± 0.35 and 3.33± 0.27),( 3.29± 0.52 and3.01±0.60) ]( P< 0. 05). Correlation analysis showed that gratitude, social support and resilience were positively correlated with post-traumatic growth( r = 0.53, 0.35, 0.48, P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that gratitude not only had direct effect on post-traumatic growth, but also indirectly influenced post-traumatic growth. Significant partial mediation of social support and resilience on the association between gratitude and post-traumatic growth were revealed. Conclusion Gratitude had direct effect on post-traumatic growth among middle school students 3 years after Lushan earthquake reconstruction. Significant partial mediation of social support and resilience on the association between gratitude and post-traumatic growth are revealed.
Objective To investigate the mediational effect of social support and resilience in the relation between gratitude and post-traumatic growth among middle school students three years after Lushan earthquake reconstruction. Methods A total of1 136 middle school students were investigated with Gratitude Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale, Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Results Among students in earthquake affected areas, gratitude and resilience scores were higher in females( 4.51±0.61 and 4.41±0.65 for gratitude; 3.54± 0.31 and 3.46± 0.27 for resilience) and junior high school students( 4.53±0.59 and 4.39± 0.62 for gratitude; 3.52± 0.29 and 3.48± 0.25 for resilience)( P < 0. 05). Gratitude, social support, resilience and post-traumatic growth scores were higher in students from heavily affected areas, and those with severe loss of property or no relatives killed or injured, compared with those from mildly affected area [( 4.56±0.62 and 4.36±0.63),( 3.64±0.51 and 3.38±0.60),( 3.63±0.33 and 3.37±0.27),( 3.27±0.53 and 3.03± 0.61) ], and with moderate loss of property[( 4.56±0.62 and 4.36±0.63),( 3.64±0.51 and 3.38±0.60),( 3.63±0.33 and 3.37±0.27),( 3.27±0.53 and 3.03±0.61) ] or having relatives killed or injured[( 4.59±0.6 and 4.33±0.64),( 3.83±0.60 and 3.19±0.76),( 3.67± 0.35 and 3.33± 0.27),( 3.29± 0.52 and3.01±0.60) ]( P< 0. 05). Correlation analysis showed that gratitude, social support and resilience were positively correlated with post-traumatic growth( r = 0.53, 0.35, 0.48, P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that gratitude not only had direct effect on post-traumatic growth, but also indirectly influenced post-traumatic growth. Significant partial mediation of social support and resilience on the association between gratitude and post-traumatic growth were revealed. Conclusion Gratitude had direct effect on post-traumatic growth among middle school students 3 years after Lushan earthquake reconstruction. Significant partial mediation of social support and resilience on the association between gratitude and post-traumatic growth are revealed.
引文
[1]杨凡,林沐雨,钱铭怡.地震后青少年社会支持与创伤后成长关系的研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(5):614-617.
[2]周宵,安媛媛,伍新春,等.汶川地震三年半后中学生的感恩对创伤后成长的影响:社会支持的中介作用[J].心理发展与教育,2014,30(1):68-74.
[3]何安明,惠秋平,刘华山.大学生社会支持与孤独感的关系:感恩的中介作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2015,23(1):150-153.
[4]RUINI C,VESCOVELLI F.The role of gratitude in breast cancer:its relationships with post-traumatic growth,psychological well-being and distress[J].J Happ Stud,2013,14(1):263-274.
[5]罗利,周天梅.中学生感恩与主观幸福感的关系:抗挫折能力与社会支持的中介作用[J].心理发展与教育,2015,31(4):467-474.
[6]吴拥军.神经外科术后病人创伤后成长与心理弹性及疾病感知的关系.护理研究,2015,29(5):1839-1841.
[7]WHITE B,DRIVER S.Resilience and indicators of adjustment during rehabilitation from a spinal cord injury[J].Rehabil Psychol,2010,55(1):23-32.
[8]伍新春,周宵,刘淋淋,等.青少年的感恩对创伤后成长的影响:社会支持与主动反刍的中介作用[J].心理科学,2014,37(5):1148-1153.
[9]MCCULLOUGH M E,EMMONS R A,TSANG J A.The grateful disposition:a conceptual and empirical topography[J].J Person Soc Psychol,2002,82(1):112-127.
[10]肖水源.社会支持评定量表//心理卫生评定量表手册:增订版[M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,1999:127-131.
[11]TEDESCHI R G,CALHOUN L G.Posttraumatic growth inventory:measuring the positive legacy of trauma[J].J Trauma Stress,1996,9(3):455-471.
[12]汪际,陈瑶,王艳波,等.创伤后成长评定量表的修订及信效度分析[J].护理学杂志,2011,26(14):26-28.
[13]YU X N,ZHANG J X.Factor analysis and psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC)with Chinese people[J].Soc Behav Person,2007,35(1):19-30.
[14]温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,等.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004,36(5):614-620.
[15]赵淑娟.中学生感恩、社会支持与自我价值感的关系研究[D].郑州:河南大学,2010.
[16]王建平,喻承甫,曾毅茵,等.青少年感恩的影响因素及其机制[J].心理发展与教育,2011,27(3):260-266.
[17]刘利才,许燕.我国青少年感恩品质现状调查[J].中国青年研究,2015,27(1):78-83.
[18]刘亚楠,张舒,刘璐怡,等.感恩与生命意义:领悟到的社会支持与归属感的多重中介模型[J].中国特殊教育,2016,23(4):79-83.
[19]李旭.感恩对大学生负性生活事件与生命意义感的影响:有调节的中介效应[J].中国特殊教育,2016,23(3):58-63.
[20]张晨光,陈秋,程科,等.社会支持在灾区中学生创伤后成长中的中介效应检验[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2012,34(9):82-86.
[21]伍新春,周宵,林崇德,等.青少年创伤后心理反应的影响机制及其干预研究[J].心理发展与教育,2015,31(1):117-127.
[22]崔丽霞,殷乐,雷雳.心理弹性与压力适应的关系:积极情绪中介效应的实验研究[J].心理发展与教育,2012,28(3):308-313.
[2]周宵,安媛媛,伍新春,等.汶川地震三年半后中学生的感恩对创伤后成长的影响:社会支持的中介作用[J].心理发展与教育,2014,30(1):68-74.
[3]何安明,惠秋平,刘华山.大学生社会支持与孤独感的关系:感恩的中介作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2015,23(1):150-153.
[4]RUINI C,VESCOVELLI F.The role of gratitude in breast cancer:its relationships with post-traumatic growth,psychological well-being and distress[J].J Happ Stud,2013,14(1):263-274.
[5]罗利,周天梅.中学生感恩与主观幸福感的关系:抗挫折能力与社会支持的中介作用[J].心理发展与教育,2015,31(4):467-474.
[6]吴拥军.神经外科术后病人创伤后成长与心理弹性及疾病感知的关系.护理研究,2015,29(5):1839-1841.
[7]WHITE B,DRIVER S.Resilience and indicators of adjustment during rehabilitation from a spinal cord injury[J].Rehabil Psychol,2010,55(1):23-32.
[8]伍新春,周宵,刘淋淋,等.青少年的感恩对创伤后成长的影响:社会支持与主动反刍的中介作用[J].心理科学,2014,37(5):1148-1153.
[9]MCCULLOUGH M E,EMMONS R A,TSANG J A.The grateful disposition:a conceptual and empirical topography[J].J Person Soc Psychol,2002,82(1):112-127.
[10]肖水源.社会支持评定量表//心理卫生评定量表手册:增订版[M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,1999:127-131.
[11]TEDESCHI R G,CALHOUN L G.Posttraumatic growth inventory:measuring the positive legacy of trauma[J].J Trauma Stress,1996,9(3):455-471.
[12]汪际,陈瑶,王艳波,等.创伤后成长评定量表的修订及信效度分析[J].护理学杂志,2011,26(14):26-28.
[13]YU X N,ZHANG J X.Factor analysis and psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC)with Chinese people[J].Soc Behav Person,2007,35(1):19-30.
[14]温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,等.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004,36(5):614-620.
[15]赵淑娟.中学生感恩、社会支持与自我价值感的关系研究[D].郑州:河南大学,2010.
[16]王建平,喻承甫,曾毅茵,等.青少年感恩的影响因素及其机制[J].心理发展与教育,2011,27(3):260-266.
[17]刘利才,许燕.我国青少年感恩品质现状调查[J].中国青年研究,2015,27(1):78-83.
[18]刘亚楠,张舒,刘璐怡,等.感恩与生命意义:领悟到的社会支持与归属感的多重中介模型[J].中国特殊教育,2016,23(4):79-83.
[19]李旭.感恩对大学生负性生活事件与生命意义感的影响:有调节的中介效应[J].中国特殊教育,2016,23(3):58-63.
[20]张晨光,陈秋,程科,等.社会支持在灾区中学生创伤后成长中的中介效应检验[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2012,34(9):82-86.
[21]伍新春,周宵,林崇德,等.青少年创伤后心理反应的影响机制及其干预研究[J].心理发展与教育,2015,31(1):117-127.
[22]崔丽霞,殷乐,雷雳.心理弹性与压力适应的关系:积极情绪中介效应的实验研究[J].心理发展与教育,2012,28(3):308-313.