中小河流水电开发管理与生态修复的思考
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摘要
我国中小河流水电开发除常见的诸如河流水文节律变化、水生生态系统变化等环境问题,还存在着开发时间相对较早、开发缺乏规划以及环保措施完成率不高等问题。近20年来,我国已经逐渐形成了"保护支流,开发干流"的水电开发及保护的思路与格局,因此支流也就是中小河流的保护价值和保护作用显得更加重要,而不规范的小水电环保管理的负面影响也将更加严重。全面梳理了国内外水电开发管理与生态修复相关法律、法规及规范,从规划管理、工程建设与运行等方面,针对我国中小河流水电开发现状及主要环境影响,提出了中小河流水电开发管理与生态修复的建议。
In addition to common environmental problems such as changes in river hydrological rhythms and in aquatic ecosystems,the hydropower development in China 's small and medium-sized rivers is also characterized by relatively early development,lack of planning for development and low completion rate of environmental protection measures. In past 20 years,China has gradually formed the idea and pattern of hydropower development and protection of "Protecting tributaries and developing mainstream flows",So the tributary that usually is small and medium-sized river is more important in environmental protection value,and the negative impact of environmental management of small hydropower will also be more serious. The laws,regulations and norms related to hydropower development management and ecological restoration at home and abroad are sorted out,and from the aspects of planning management,engineering construction and operation,the suggestions on hydropower development management and ecological restoration are proposed aiming to the problems of hydropower development and main environmental impacts of small and medium-sized rivers in China.
In addition to common environmental problems such as changes in river hydrological rhythms and in aquatic ecosystems,the hydropower development in China 's small and medium-sized rivers is also characterized by relatively early development,lack of planning for development and low completion rate of environmental protection measures. In past 20 years,China has gradually formed the idea and pattern of hydropower development and protection of "Protecting tributaries and developing mainstream flows",So the tributary that usually is small and medium-sized river is more important in environmental protection value,and the negative impact of environmental management of small hydropower will also be more serious. The laws,regulations and norms related to hydropower development management and ecological restoration at home and abroad are sorted out,and from the aspects of planning management,engineering construction and operation,the suggestions on hydropower development management and ecological restoration are proposed aiming to the problems of hydropower development and main environmental impacts of small and medium-sized rivers in China.
引文
[1]刘大宏,杨鹏隆.我国小水电开发现状及发展建议[J].北京农业,2014(24):255-256.
[2]武汉清.基于小水电开发建设的季节性河流生态流量计算及保证措施研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2016.
[3]方玉建,张金凤,袁寿其.欧盟27国小水电的发展对我国的战略思考[J].排灌机械工程学报,2014(7):588-599.
[4] Natural Resources Conservation Service. Stream Restoration Design(National Engineering Handbook 654)[M]. Washington D C:United States Department of Agriculture,2007.
[2]武汉清.基于小水电开发建设的季节性河流生态流量计算及保证措施研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2016.
[3]方玉建,张金凤,袁寿其.欧盟27国小水电的发展对我国的战略思考[J].排灌机械工程学报,2014(7):588-599.
[4] Natural Resources Conservation Service. Stream Restoration Design(National Engineering Handbook 654)[M]. Washington D C:United States Department of Agriculture,2007.