美景度评价在森林景观美学评估中的应用
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摘要
在归纳总结国内外美景度评价研究进展的基础上,对美景度评价相关概念内涵进行探讨,初步概括了森林景观美学评价中美景度评价法的产生和发展历程,分析并总结了美景度评价法的应用现状及优劣势。该方法具有科学性、广泛性、精确性和实用性等优点;同时也具有量化程度不是很高、可靠性略显逊色、计算不是最简等不足。最后提出了未来美景度评价在发展中面临的挑战并展望其发展前景,预测该方法将在以下方面有所发展:1)评价人工化的对象;2)考虑各方面的综合影响;3)建立动态的评价模型;4)增强应用的灵活性和可靠性。希望能引起从事环境影响评价、环境质量评价、森林公园管理、园林造景及景区规划等领域工作者的一些思考,进而推动景观美学评价的理论和实践研究。
By reviewing the vast amount of domestic and international literatures about the scenic beauty estimation of forest landscape,this study discussed definitions and related concepts,and outlines the emergence and development process of this method,and briefly summarized the application of this method with its advantage and disadvantages. The method was scientific,extensive,accurate and practical;at the same time,it had a low degree of quantification,reliability was not the best,and the calculation was not the simplest.Finally,we put forward the challenge and prospect of the future development,and predict that the method would be developed in the following aspects,1) to evaluate the artificial objects;2) to consider the combined effects of various aspects;3) to build a dynamic evaluation model;4) to enhance the flexibility and reliability of the application. Hopefully,this study could draw the attention from those people working on the environmental impact assessment,environmental quality assessment,forest parks management,landscape gardening and scenic planning,and promote development of the evaluation of landscape aesthetics in theory and practice.
By reviewing the vast amount of domestic and international literatures about the scenic beauty estimation of forest landscape,this study discussed definitions and related concepts,and outlines the emergence and development process of this method,and briefly summarized the application of this method with its advantage and disadvantages. The method was scientific,extensive,accurate and practical;at the same time,it had a low degree of quantification,reliability was not the best,and the calculation was not the simplest.Finally,we put forward the challenge and prospect of the future development,and predict that the method would be developed in the following aspects,1) to evaluate the artificial objects;2) to consider the combined effects of various aspects;3) to build a dynamic evaluation model;4) to enhance the flexibility and reliability of the application. Hopefully,this study could draw the attention from those people working on the environmental impact assessment,environmental quality assessment,forest parks management,landscape gardening and scenic planning,and promote development of the evaluation of landscape aesthetics in theory and practice.
引文
[1]凯瑞斯·司万维克,高枫.英国景观特征评估[J].世界建筑,2006(7):23-27.
[2]DANIEL T C.Whither scenic beauty?Visual landscape quality assessment in the 21st century[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2001,54(1-4):267-281.
[3]罗茂婵,苏德荣,韩烈保,等.居住区园林植物美景度评价研究[J].林业科技开发,2005(6):84-86.
[4]CANAS I,AYUGA E,AYUGA F.A contribution to the assessment of scenic quality of landscapes based on preferences expressed by the public[J].Land Use Policy,2009,26(4):1173-1181.
[5]王冰,宋力.景观美学评价中心理物理学方法的理论及其应用[J].安徽农业科学,2007(12):3531-3532.
[6]宋力,何兴元,徐文铎,等.城市森林景观美景度的测定[J].生态学杂志,2006(6):621-624,662.
[7]DANIEL T C,BOSTER R S.Measuring landscape esthetics:The scenic beauty estimation method[C]//Range Experiment Station.USDA Forest Service Research,1976.
[8]宋力,何兴元,张洁.沈阳城市公园植物景观美学质量测定方法研究:美景度评估法、平均值法和成对比较法的比较[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006(2):200-203.
[9]俞孔坚.自然风景质量评价研究:BIB-LCJ审美评判测量法[J].北京林业大学学报,1988(2):1-11.
[10]毛炯玮,朱飞捷,车生泉.城市自然遗留地景观美学评价的方法研究:心理物理学方法的理论与应用[J].中国园林,2010(3):51-54.
[11]AUTHUR L M.Predicting scenic beauty of forest environments:Some empirical tests[J].Forest Science,1977,23(2):151-160.
[12]董建文,翟明普,章志都,等.福建省山地坡面风景游憩林单因素美景度评价研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2009(6):154-158.
[13]李明阳,熊显权,杨劲松,等.中山陵风景区的森林美学评价与风景林规划[J].北京林业大学学报(社会科学版),2006(2):15-19.
[14]齐童,王卫华,王亚娟,等.城市公园视觉景观质量的影响因素分析:以北京市紫竹院公园为例[J].人文地理,2014(5):69-74.
[15]翁殊斐,柯峰,黎彩敏.用AHP法和SBE法研究广州公园植物景观单元[J].中国园林,2009(4):78-81.
[16]王美婷,孙冰,陈勇,等.广州城市公园森林植物景观美景度研究[J].中国农学通报,2016(13):18-23.
[17]刘畅,陈小芳,孙欣欣.南京市道路绿化美景度评价[J].中国城市林业,2016(2):53-58.
[18]TAHVANAINEN L,TYRVAINEN L,IHALAINEN M,et al.Forest management and public perceptions-visual versus verbal information[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2001,53(1-4):53-70.
[19]CLAY G R,SMIDT R K.Assessing the validity and reliability of descriptor variables used in scenic highway analysis[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2004,66(4):239-255.
[20]王雁,陈鑫峰.心理物理学方法在国外森林景观评价中的应用[J].林业科学,1999(5):110-117.
[21]张秦英,罗开喜,白云鹏,等.基于SBE法的天津常绿园林植物景观评价研究[J].北方园艺,2015(23):90-93.
[22]汪慧君,陈雨人,陆斯文.基于视觉图像特征的公路景观绿化美景度评价[J].长沙交通学院学报,2008(3):59-63.
[23]KIM N H,KANG H H.The aesthetic evaluation of coastal landscape[J].Ksce Journal of Civil Engineering,2009,13(2):65-74.
[24]BULUT Z,YILMAZ H.Determination of landscape beauties through visual quality assessment method:A case study for Kemaliye(Erzincan/Turkey)[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2008,141(1-3):121-129.
[25]周春玲,张启翔,孙迎坤.居住区绿地的美景度评价[J].中国园林,2006(4):62-67.
[26]翟明普,张荣,阎海平.风景评价在风景林建设中应用研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2003(6):16-19.
[27]王晓俊.关于风景评价中心理物理学方法局限性的探讨[J].自然资源学报,1996(2):170-176.
[28]许大为,李羽佳.基于SD-SBE法的专家与公众审美差异研究[J].中国园林,2014(7):52-56.
[29]杨青娟,雷凯元,高雅.公众教育对可持续雨水管理绿地景观视觉感知的影响研究[J].中国园林,2014(6):74-78.
[30]ZHANG X,RAMANI V,LONG Z,et al.Scenic beauty estimation using independent component analysis and support vector machines[M].Southeastcon 99 IEEE,1999:274-277.
[31]ARRIAZA M,CA珘NAS-ORTEGA J F,CA珘NAS-MADUEN珘NO J A,et al.Assessing the visual quality of rural landscape[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2004,69:115-125.
[32]张建国,王震.德清县下渚湖国家湿地公园景观美景度评价[J].浙江农林大学学报,2017(1):145-151.
[33]徐鼎,王忠君.基于SBE法的岭南四大名园景观美学评价[J].中国城市林业,2017(1):20-24.
[34]张国庆,齐童,刘传安,等.视觉景观评价方法的回顾与展望[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017(3):72-77.
[35]吴楚材.张家界森林公园研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1991.
[36]李春阳,周晓峰.帽儿山森林景观质量评价[J].东北林业大学学报,1991,19(6):91-95.
[37]倪淑萍,施德法.普陀山风景区森林景观研究[J].华东森林经理,1996(1):58-63.
[38]张伟.灵石山国家森林公园森林景观美学评价方法[J].宁德师专学报(自然科学版),2008(1):21-25.
[39]陈珂,李兆轩,陈雪琴,等.抚顺三块石森林公园森林景观评价[J].西北林学院学报,2010(3):199-203.
[40]CLAY G R,DANIEL T C.Scenic landscape assessment:The effects of land management jurisdiction on public perception of scenic beauty[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2000,49(1-2):1-13.
[41]崔俊岭.国外森林美学研究评介[J].北京林业大学学报,1988(S1):24-28.
[42]de VRIES S,de GROOT M,BOERS J.Eyesores in sight:Quantifying the impact of man-made elements on the scenic beauty of Dutch landscapes[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2012,105(1-2):118-127.
[43]JUNGE X,LINDEMANN-MATTHIES P,HUNZIKER M,et al.Aesthetic preferences of non-farmers and farmers for different land-use types and proportions of ecological compensation areas in the Swiss lowlands[J].Biological Conservation,2011,144(5):1430-1440.
[44]FRANCO D,FRANCO D,MANNINO I,et al.The impact of agroforestry networks on scenic beauty estimation:The role of a landscape ecological network on a socio-cultural process[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2003,62(3):119-138.
[45]张洁,魏进华,徐程扬,等.东北次生林森林公园林内景观质量提升技术[J].北方园艺,2017(1):65-69.
[46]杨善云,陈翠玉,刘云峰,等.柳州市居住区植物景观美学评价与优化策略[J].北方园艺,2014(11):80-84.
[47]PIERSKALLA C D,DENG J Y,SINISCALCHI J M.Examining the product and process of scenic beauty evaluations using moment-tomoment data and GIS:The case of Savannah,GA[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2016,19:212-222.
[2]DANIEL T C.Whither scenic beauty?Visual landscape quality assessment in the 21st century[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2001,54(1-4):267-281.
[3]罗茂婵,苏德荣,韩烈保,等.居住区园林植物美景度评价研究[J].林业科技开发,2005(6):84-86.
[4]CANAS I,AYUGA E,AYUGA F.A contribution to the assessment of scenic quality of landscapes based on preferences expressed by the public[J].Land Use Policy,2009,26(4):1173-1181.
[5]王冰,宋力.景观美学评价中心理物理学方法的理论及其应用[J].安徽农业科学,2007(12):3531-3532.
[6]宋力,何兴元,徐文铎,等.城市森林景观美景度的测定[J].生态学杂志,2006(6):621-624,662.
[7]DANIEL T C,BOSTER R S.Measuring landscape esthetics:The scenic beauty estimation method[C]//Range Experiment Station.USDA Forest Service Research,1976.
[8]宋力,何兴元,张洁.沈阳城市公园植物景观美学质量测定方法研究:美景度评估法、平均值法和成对比较法的比较[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006(2):200-203.
[9]俞孔坚.自然风景质量评价研究:BIB-LCJ审美评判测量法[J].北京林业大学学报,1988(2):1-11.
[10]毛炯玮,朱飞捷,车生泉.城市自然遗留地景观美学评价的方法研究:心理物理学方法的理论与应用[J].中国园林,2010(3):51-54.
[11]AUTHUR L M.Predicting scenic beauty of forest environments:Some empirical tests[J].Forest Science,1977,23(2):151-160.
[12]董建文,翟明普,章志都,等.福建省山地坡面风景游憩林单因素美景度评价研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2009(6):154-158.
[13]李明阳,熊显权,杨劲松,等.中山陵风景区的森林美学评价与风景林规划[J].北京林业大学学报(社会科学版),2006(2):15-19.
[14]齐童,王卫华,王亚娟,等.城市公园视觉景观质量的影响因素分析:以北京市紫竹院公园为例[J].人文地理,2014(5):69-74.
[15]翁殊斐,柯峰,黎彩敏.用AHP法和SBE法研究广州公园植物景观单元[J].中国园林,2009(4):78-81.
[16]王美婷,孙冰,陈勇,等.广州城市公园森林植物景观美景度研究[J].中国农学通报,2016(13):18-23.
[17]刘畅,陈小芳,孙欣欣.南京市道路绿化美景度评价[J].中国城市林业,2016(2):53-58.
[18]TAHVANAINEN L,TYRVAINEN L,IHALAINEN M,et al.Forest management and public perceptions-visual versus verbal information[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2001,53(1-4):53-70.
[19]CLAY G R,SMIDT R K.Assessing the validity and reliability of descriptor variables used in scenic highway analysis[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2004,66(4):239-255.
[20]王雁,陈鑫峰.心理物理学方法在国外森林景观评价中的应用[J].林业科学,1999(5):110-117.
[21]张秦英,罗开喜,白云鹏,等.基于SBE法的天津常绿园林植物景观评价研究[J].北方园艺,2015(23):90-93.
[22]汪慧君,陈雨人,陆斯文.基于视觉图像特征的公路景观绿化美景度评价[J].长沙交通学院学报,2008(3):59-63.
[23]KIM N H,KANG H H.The aesthetic evaluation of coastal landscape[J].Ksce Journal of Civil Engineering,2009,13(2):65-74.
[24]BULUT Z,YILMAZ H.Determination of landscape beauties through visual quality assessment method:A case study for Kemaliye(Erzincan/Turkey)[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2008,141(1-3):121-129.
[25]周春玲,张启翔,孙迎坤.居住区绿地的美景度评价[J].中国园林,2006(4):62-67.
[26]翟明普,张荣,阎海平.风景评价在风景林建设中应用研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2003(6):16-19.
[27]王晓俊.关于风景评价中心理物理学方法局限性的探讨[J].自然资源学报,1996(2):170-176.
[28]许大为,李羽佳.基于SD-SBE法的专家与公众审美差异研究[J].中国园林,2014(7):52-56.
[29]杨青娟,雷凯元,高雅.公众教育对可持续雨水管理绿地景观视觉感知的影响研究[J].中国园林,2014(6):74-78.
[30]ZHANG X,RAMANI V,LONG Z,et al.Scenic beauty estimation using independent component analysis and support vector machines[M].Southeastcon 99 IEEE,1999:274-277.
[31]ARRIAZA M,CA珘NAS-ORTEGA J F,CA珘NAS-MADUEN珘NO J A,et al.Assessing the visual quality of rural landscape[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2004,69:115-125.
[32]张建国,王震.德清县下渚湖国家湿地公园景观美景度评价[J].浙江农林大学学报,2017(1):145-151.
[33]徐鼎,王忠君.基于SBE法的岭南四大名园景观美学评价[J].中国城市林业,2017(1):20-24.
[34]张国庆,齐童,刘传安,等.视觉景观评价方法的回顾与展望[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017(3):72-77.
[35]吴楚材.张家界森林公园研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1991.
[36]李春阳,周晓峰.帽儿山森林景观质量评价[J].东北林业大学学报,1991,19(6):91-95.
[37]倪淑萍,施德法.普陀山风景区森林景观研究[J].华东森林经理,1996(1):58-63.
[38]张伟.灵石山国家森林公园森林景观美学评价方法[J].宁德师专学报(自然科学版),2008(1):21-25.
[39]陈珂,李兆轩,陈雪琴,等.抚顺三块石森林公园森林景观评价[J].西北林学院学报,2010(3):199-203.
[40]CLAY G R,DANIEL T C.Scenic landscape assessment:The effects of land management jurisdiction on public perception of scenic beauty[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2000,49(1-2):1-13.
[41]崔俊岭.国外森林美学研究评介[J].北京林业大学学报,1988(S1):24-28.
[42]de VRIES S,de GROOT M,BOERS J.Eyesores in sight:Quantifying the impact of man-made elements on the scenic beauty of Dutch landscapes[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2012,105(1-2):118-127.
[43]JUNGE X,LINDEMANN-MATTHIES P,HUNZIKER M,et al.Aesthetic preferences of non-farmers and farmers for different land-use types and proportions of ecological compensation areas in the Swiss lowlands[J].Biological Conservation,2011,144(5):1430-1440.
[44]FRANCO D,FRANCO D,MANNINO I,et al.The impact of agroforestry networks on scenic beauty estimation:The role of a landscape ecological network on a socio-cultural process[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2003,62(3):119-138.
[45]张洁,魏进华,徐程扬,等.东北次生林森林公园林内景观质量提升技术[J].北方园艺,2017(1):65-69.
[46]杨善云,陈翠玉,刘云峰,等.柳州市居住区植物景观美学评价与优化策略[J].北方园艺,2014(11):80-84.
[47]PIERSKALLA C D,DENG J Y,SINISCALCHI J M.Examining the product and process of scenic beauty evaluations using moment-tomoment data and GIS:The case of Savannah,GA[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2016,19:212-222.