从主动性人格到主动担责行为:基于角色定义的视角
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摘要
尽管主动性人格被视为员工主动担责行为的有效预测变量,但现有研究缺乏对主动性人格作用机制的深入分析。本文依据角色理论,阐述了角色定义在主动性人格与主动担责行为之间的中介作用,以及主管-下属关系的调节作用。基于418份主管—下属配对样本,对理论模型进行了检验,实证结果表明:主动担责角色定义在主动性人格与主动担责行为之间起到了显著的部分中介作用,主管-下属关系正向调节了主动性人格与主动担责角色定义的关系,并且调节了主动性人格通过主动担责角色定义影响主动担责行为的间接效应。研究结果深化了对主动性人格影响主动担责行为的机制的探索,并为有效管理员工主动担责行为提供了重要的管理参考。
Although proactive personality has been viewed as an important predictor of taking charge behavior,relatively less attention has been paid on the mechanism through which proactive personality is associated with employees' taking charge behavior. Based on the role theory, this study investigated the mediating role of employees' role definition and the moderating role of supervisor-subordinate guanxi in the relationship between proactive personality and taking charge. Based on data from 418 supervisor-subordinate dyads, the results suggested that taking charge role definition partially mediated the relationship between proactive personality and taking charge behavior, and supervisor-subordinate guanxi positively signi?cantly moderated the relationship between proactive personality and taking charge role de?nition. Moreover, supervisor-subordinate guanxi moderated the indirect effect of proactive personality on taking charge behavior via role de?nition. These ?ndings advance our understanding of the underlying mechanism linking proactive personality to taking charge behavior, and can provide useful guidance for managing employees' take charge behaviors.
Although proactive personality has been viewed as an important predictor of taking charge behavior,relatively less attention has been paid on the mechanism through which proactive personality is associated with employees' taking charge behavior. Based on the role theory, this study investigated the mediating role of employees' role definition and the moderating role of supervisor-subordinate guanxi in the relationship between proactive personality and taking charge. Based on data from 418 supervisor-subordinate dyads, the results suggested that taking charge role definition partially mediated the relationship between proactive personality and taking charge behavior, and supervisor-subordinate guanxi positively signi?cantly moderated the relationship between proactive personality and taking charge role de?nition. Moreover, supervisor-subordinate guanxi moderated the indirect effect of proactive personality on taking charge behavior via role de?nition. These ?ndings advance our understanding of the underlying mechanism linking proactive personality to taking charge behavior, and can provide useful guidance for managing employees' take charge behaviors.
引文
1.范恒,张怡凡.(2017).主动的员工更具创造力吗?知识探索的中介作用与信任领导的调节作用.中国人力资源开发,(10),64-75.
2.逄键涛,温珂.(2017).主动性人格对员工创新行为的影响与机制.科研管理,38(1),12-20.
3.胡晓龙,姬方卉.(2018).政治技能对主动担责行为的影响:心理授权与不确定性规避的作用.中国人力资源开发,35(2),50-60.
4.刘军,宋继文,吴隆增.(2008).政治与关系视角的员工职业发展影响因素探讨.心理学报,40(2),201-209.
5.陆欣欣,孙嘉卿.(2016).领导-成员交换与情绪枯竭:互惠信念和权力距离导向的作用.心理学报,48(5),566-577.
6.王忠军,龙立荣,刘丽丹.(2011).组织中主管-下属关系的运作机制与效果.心理学报,43(7),798-809.
7.张颖,杨付.(2017).主动性人格:机制与未来走向.心理科学进展,25(9),1544-1551.
8.张振刚,李云健,宋一晓.(2016).上级发展性反馈对员工变革行为的影响研究--上级与下属双沟通视角.科学学与科学技术管理,37(12),136-148.
9.Aiken,L.S.,&West,S.G.(1991).Multiple regression:Testing and interpreting interactions.Thousand Oaks:Sage.
10.Baron,R.M.,&Kenny,D.A.(1986).The moderatormediator variable distinction in social psychological research:Conceptual,strategic,and statistical considerations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,51(6),173-1182.
11.Bateman,T.S.,&Crant,J.M.(1993).The proactive component of organizational behavior:A measure and correlates.Journal of Organizational Behavior,14(2),103-118.
12.Chen,C.C.,Chen,X.P.,&Huang,S.(2013).Chinese guanxi:An integrative review and new directions for future research.Management and Organization Review,9(1),167-207.
13.Chen,Y.,Friedman,R.,Yu,E.,Fang,W.,&Lu,X.(2009).Supervisor-subordinate guanxi:Developing a three-dimensional model and scale.Management and Organization Review,5(3),375-399.
14.Chiaburu,D.S.,&Byrne,Z.S.(2009).Predicting OCB role definitions:Exchanges with the organization and psychological attachment.Journal of Business and Psychology,24(2),201-214.
15.Crant,J.M.(2000).Proactive behavior in organizations.Journal of Management,26(3),435-462.
16.Dysvik,A.,Kuvaas,B.,&Buch,R.(2016).Perceived investment in employee development and taking charge.Journal of Managerial Psychology,31(1),50-60.
17.Edwards,J.R.,&Lambert,L.S.(2007).Methods for integrating moderation and mediation:A general analytical framework using moderated path analysis.Psychological Methods,12(1),1-22.
18.Farh,J.L.,Hackett,R.D.,&Liang,J.(2007).Individuallevel cultural values as moderators of perceived organizational support-employee outcome relationships in China:Comparing the effects of power distance and traditionality.Academy of Management Journal,50(3),715-729.
19.Grant,A.M.,&Ashford,S.J.(2008).The dynamics of proactivity at work.Research in Organizational Behavior,28(1),3-34.
20.Grant,A.M.,Gino,F.,&Hofmann,D.A.(2011).Reversing the extraverted leadership advantage:The role of employee proactivity.Academy of Management Journal,54(3),528-550.
21.Grant,A M.,&Hofmann,D.A.(2011).Role expansion as a persuasion process:The interpersonal influence dynamics of role redefinition.Organizational Psychology Review,1(1),9-31.
22.Hayes,A.F.(2013).Introduction to mediation,moderation,and conditional process analysis:a regression-based approach.Guilford Press.
23.Hofmann,D.A.,Morgeson,F.P.,&Gerras,S.J.(2003).Climate as a moderator of the relationship between leader-member exchange and content specific citizenship:Safety climate as an exemplar.Journal of Applied Psychology,88(1),170-178.
24.Ilgen,D.R.,&Hollenbeck,J.R.(1991).The structure of work:Job design and roles.In M.D.Dunnette,L.M.Hough,M.D.Dunnette,&L.M.Hough(Eds.),Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology(pp.165-207),Palo Alto,CA:Consulting Psychologists Press.
25.Kamdar,D.,McAllister,D.J.,&Turban,D.B.(2006)."All in a day's work":How follower individual differences and justice perceptions predict OCB role definitions and behavior.Journal of Applied Psychology,91(4),841-855.
26.Katz,D.,&Kahn,R.L.(1978).The social psychology of organizations.New York:Wiley.
27.Law,K.S.,Wong,C.S.,Wang,D.,&Wang,L.(2000).Effect of supervisor-subordinate guanxi on supervisory decisions in China:An empirical investigation.International Journal of Human Resource Management,11(4),751-765.
28.Li,N.,Liang,J.,&Crant,J.M.(2010).The role of proactive personality in job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior:A relational perspective.Journal of Applied Psychology,95(2),395-404.
29.Li,S.L.,He,W.,Yam,K.C.,&Long,L.R.(2015).When and why empowering leadership increases followers'taking charge:A multilevel examination in China.Asia Pacific Journal of Management,32(3),645-670.
30.McAllister,D.J.,Kamdar,D.,Morrison,E.W.,&Turban,D.B.(2007).Disentangling role perceptions:How perceived role breadth,discretion,instrumentality,and efficacy relate to helping and taking charge.Journal of Applied Psychology,92(5),1200-1211.
31.Morrison,E.W.,&Phelps,C.C.(1999).Taking charge at work:Extra-role efforts to initiate workplace change.Academy of Management Journal,42(4),403-419.3 2.M o r r i s o n,E.W.(1 9 9 4).R o l e d e f i n i t i o n s a n d organizational citizenship behavior:The importance of the employee's perspective.Academy of Management Journal,37(6),1543-1567.
33.Organ,D.W.(1988).Organizational Citizenship Behavior:The Good Soldier Syndrome.Lexington Books,Lexington,MA.
34.Parker,S.K.,&Collins,C.G.(2010).Taking stock:Integrating and differentiating multiple proactive behaviors.Journal of Management,36(3),633-662.
35.Parker,S.K.,Wall,T.D.,&Jackson,P.R.(1997)."That's not my job":Developing flexible employee work orientations.Academy of Management Journal,40(4),899-929.
36.Parker,S.K.,Williams,H.M.,&Turner,N.(2006).Modeling the antecedents of proactive behavior at work.Journal of Applied Psychology,91(3),636-652.
37.Parker,S.K.,Bindl,U.K.,&Strauss,K.(2010).Making things happen:A model of proactive motivation.Journal of Management,36(4),827-856.
38.Parker,S.K.(2007).That is my job'How employees'role orientation affects their job performance.Human Relations,60(3),403-434.
39.Seibert,S.E.,Crant,J.M.,&Kraimer,M.L.(1999).Proactive personality and career success.Journal of Applied Psychology,84(3),416-427.
40.Tangirala,S.,Kamdar,D.,Venkataramani,V.,&Parke,M.R.(2013).Doing right versus getting ahead:The effects of duty and achievement orientations on employees'voice.Journal of Applied Psychology,98(6),1040-1050.
41.Tornau,K.,&Frese,M.(2013).Construct clean-up in proactivity research:A meta-analysis on the nomological net of work-related proactivity concepts and their incremental validities.Applied Psychology,62(1),44-96.
42.Van Dyne,L.,&LePine,J.A.(1998).Helping and voice extra-role behaviors:Evidence of construct and predictive validity.Academy of Management Journal,41(1),108-119.
43.Wong,Y.T.,Wong,S.H.,&Wong,Y.W.(2010).Astudy of subordinate-supervisor guanxi in Chinese joint ventures.International Journal of Human Resource Management,21(12),2142-2155.
2.逄键涛,温珂.(2017).主动性人格对员工创新行为的影响与机制.科研管理,38(1),12-20.
3.胡晓龙,姬方卉.(2018).政治技能对主动担责行为的影响:心理授权与不确定性规避的作用.中国人力资源开发,35(2),50-60.
4.刘军,宋继文,吴隆增.(2008).政治与关系视角的员工职业发展影响因素探讨.心理学报,40(2),201-209.
5.陆欣欣,孙嘉卿.(2016).领导-成员交换与情绪枯竭:互惠信念和权力距离导向的作用.心理学报,48(5),566-577.
6.王忠军,龙立荣,刘丽丹.(2011).组织中主管-下属关系的运作机制与效果.心理学报,43(7),798-809.
7.张颖,杨付.(2017).主动性人格:机制与未来走向.心理科学进展,25(9),1544-1551.
8.张振刚,李云健,宋一晓.(2016).上级发展性反馈对员工变革行为的影响研究--上级与下属双沟通视角.科学学与科学技术管理,37(12),136-148.
9.Aiken,L.S.,&West,S.G.(1991).Multiple regression:Testing and interpreting interactions.Thousand Oaks:Sage.
10.Baron,R.M.,&Kenny,D.A.(1986).The moderatormediator variable distinction in social psychological research:Conceptual,strategic,and statistical considerations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,51(6),173-1182.
11.Bateman,T.S.,&Crant,J.M.(1993).The proactive component of organizational behavior:A measure and correlates.Journal of Organizational Behavior,14(2),103-118.
12.Chen,C.C.,Chen,X.P.,&Huang,S.(2013).Chinese guanxi:An integrative review and new directions for future research.Management and Organization Review,9(1),167-207.
13.Chen,Y.,Friedman,R.,Yu,E.,Fang,W.,&Lu,X.(2009).Supervisor-subordinate guanxi:Developing a three-dimensional model and scale.Management and Organization Review,5(3),375-399.
14.Chiaburu,D.S.,&Byrne,Z.S.(2009).Predicting OCB role definitions:Exchanges with the organization and psychological attachment.Journal of Business and Psychology,24(2),201-214.
15.Crant,J.M.(2000).Proactive behavior in organizations.Journal of Management,26(3),435-462.
16.Dysvik,A.,Kuvaas,B.,&Buch,R.(2016).Perceived investment in employee development and taking charge.Journal of Managerial Psychology,31(1),50-60.
17.Edwards,J.R.,&Lambert,L.S.(2007).Methods for integrating moderation and mediation:A general analytical framework using moderated path analysis.Psychological Methods,12(1),1-22.
18.Farh,J.L.,Hackett,R.D.,&Liang,J.(2007).Individuallevel cultural values as moderators of perceived organizational support-employee outcome relationships in China:Comparing the effects of power distance and traditionality.Academy of Management Journal,50(3),715-729.
19.Grant,A.M.,&Ashford,S.J.(2008).The dynamics of proactivity at work.Research in Organizational Behavior,28(1),3-34.
20.Grant,A.M.,Gino,F.,&Hofmann,D.A.(2011).Reversing the extraverted leadership advantage:The role of employee proactivity.Academy of Management Journal,54(3),528-550.
21.Grant,A M.,&Hofmann,D.A.(2011).Role expansion as a persuasion process:The interpersonal influence dynamics of role redefinition.Organizational Psychology Review,1(1),9-31.
22.Hayes,A.F.(2013).Introduction to mediation,moderation,and conditional process analysis:a regression-based approach.Guilford Press.
23.Hofmann,D.A.,Morgeson,F.P.,&Gerras,S.J.(2003).Climate as a moderator of the relationship between leader-member exchange and content specific citizenship:Safety climate as an exemplar.Journal of Applied Psychology,88(1),170-178.
24.Ilgen,D.R.,&Hollenbeck,J.R.(1991).The structure of work:Job design and roles.In M.D.Dunnette,L.M.Hough,M.D.Dunnette,&L.M.Hough(Eds.),Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology(pp.165-207),Palo Alto,CA:Consulting Psychologists Press.
25.Kamdar,D.,McAllister,D.J.,&Turban,D.B.(2006)."All in a day's work":How follower individual differences and justice perceptions predict OCB role definitions and behavior.Journal of Applied Psychology,91(4),841-855.
26.Katz,D.,&Kahn,R.L.(1978).The social psychology of organizations.New York:Wiley.
27.Law,K.S.,Wong,C.S.,Wang,D.,&Wang,L.(2000).Effect of supervisor-subordinate guanxi on supervisory decisions in China:An empirical investigation.International Journal of Human Resource Management,11(4),751-765.
28.Li,N.,Liang,J.,&Crant,J.M.(2010).The role of proactive personality in job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior:A relational perspective.Journal of Applied Psychology,95(2),395-404.
29.Li,S.L.,He,W.,Yam,K.C.,&Long,L.R.(2015).When and why empowering leadership increases followers'taking charge:A multilevel examination in China.Asia Pacific Journal of Management,32(3),645-670.
30.McAllister,D.J.,Kamdar,D.,Morrison,E.W.,&Turban,D.B.(2007).Disentangling role perceptions:How perceived role breadth,discretion,instrumentality,and efficacy relate to helping and taking charge.Journal of Applied Psychology,92(5),1200-1211.
31.Morrison,E.W.,&Phelps,C.C.(1999).Taking charge at work:Extra-role efforts to initiate workplace change.Academy of Management Journal,42(4),403-419.3 2.M o r r i s o n,E.W.(1 9 9 4).R o l e d e f i n i t i o n s a n d organizational citizenship behavior:The importance of the employee's perspective.Academy of Management Journal,37(6),1543-1567.
33.Organ,D.W.(1988).Organizational Citizenship Behavior:The Good Soldier Syndrome.Lexington Books,Lexington,MA.
34.Parker,S.K.,&Collins,C.G.(2010).Taking stock:Integrating and differentiating multiple proactive behaviors.Journal of Management,36(3),633-662.
35.Parker,S.K.,Wall,T.D.,&Jackson,P.R.(1997)."That's not my job":Developing flexible employee work orientations.Academy of Management Journal,40(4),899-929.
36.Parker,S.K.,Williams,H.M.,&Turner,N.(2006).Modeling the antecedents of proactive behavior at work.Journal of Applied Psychology,91(3),636-652.
37.Parker,S.K.,Bindl,U.K.,&Strauss,K.(2010).Making things happen:A model of proactive motivation.Journal of Management,36(4),827-856.
38.Parker,S.K.(2007).That is my job'How employees'role orientation affects their job performance.Human Relations,60(3),403-434.
39.Seibert,S.E.,Crant,J.M.,&Kraimer,M.L.(1999).Proactive personality and career success.Journal of Applied Psychology,84(3),416-427.
40.Tangirala,S.,Kamdar,D.,Venkataramani,V.,&Parke,M.R.(2013).Doing right versus getting ahead:The effects of duty and achievement orientations on employees'voice.Journal of Applied Psychology,98(6),1040-1050.
41.Tornau,K.,&Frese,M.(2013).Construct clean-up in proactivity research:A meta-analysis on the nomological net of work-related proactivity concepts and their incremental validities.Applied Psychology,62(1),44-96.
42.Van Dyne,L.,&LePine,J.A.(1998).Helping and voice extra-role behaviors:Evidence of construct and predictive validity.Academy of Management Journal,41(1),108-119.
43.Wong,Y.T.,Wong,S.H.,&Wong,Y.W.(2010).Astudy of subordinate-supervisor guanxi in Chinese joint ventures.International Journal of Human Resource Management,21(12),2142-2155.