两种沉水植物附着生物种群特征对水深的响应研究
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摘要
选取浅水湖泊中两种常见沉水植物上的附着生物作为研究对象,通过显微观测和16S rRNA高通量测序的方法,探究原位实验条件下水深(分别以T1、T2、T3、T4代表0.6、1.2、1.8和2.4 m)对狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)和马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malainus)附着藻类和附着细菌种群组成及其多样性特征的影响.结果表明,沉水植物附着生物种群特征与水深和生物种类有关,试验组中所有水深梯度下的狐尾藻附着生物群落的自养指数(AI)均大于马来眼子菜,且试验组中较小水深0.6~1.2 m的AI值较高,较大水深1.8~2.4 m的AI值较低.两种沉水植物表面附着藻类组成随水深变化差异显著(p<0.05),绿藻门和硅藻门仍占种群绝对优势;附着细菌种群随水深梯度的变化差异也显著(p<0.05),但主要包括有Proteobacteria、Firmicutes和Bacteroidetes等优势菌群,同种沉水植物或相似水层深度间的附着细菌组成和丰度有较高的相似性,并且试验组中较小水深0.6~1.2 m中拥有更多特有的细菌种类.研究发现,相同水深时狐尾藻附着藻类的多样性大于马来眼子菜,而马来眼子菜附着细菌多样性大于狐尾藻,且位于中等水深1.2~1.8 m时两种沉水植物附着藻类和附着细菌的多样性往往最高.通过水深对沉水植物附着生物种群特征影响的研究,可为揭示沉水植物表面微生态作用规律提供参考.
Two kinds of dominant submerged plants' epiphytic organism were selected as the research objects in Gehu Lake in Changzhou. Based on the way of microscopic count and 16 S rRNA high throughput sequencing,the influence of water depth( T1,T2,T3 and T4 respectively referred to 0.6,1.2,1.8 and 2.4 m) was investigated on Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton malainus epiphytic algae and bacteria's composition and diversity. The results showed that the distribution of microbial communities on surface of submerged plant were related to the water depth and species,the autotrophic index of Myriophyllum spicatum were larger than Potamogeton malainus under any water depth gradient in the test groups. Furthermore,the AI value of the small depth( 0.6 ~ 1.2 m) was higher,the AI value of the medium and large water depth( 1.8 ~ 2.4 m) was lower in the test groups. There were significant difference in epiphytic algae composition between two submerged macrophytes with water depth( p<0.05),the community of epiphytic algae living on two submerged macrophytes were dominated by Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta. Significant difference was also found in epiphytic bacteria composition between two plants with water depth( p<0.05),in which most of bacterial were Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and so on. There was a high similarity of the epiphytic bacteria's composition and abundance between the same plant and the water layer,more unique bacterial species were found in the small water depth( 0. 6 ~ 1. 2 m). It indicated that the diversity of epiphytic algae in Myriophyllum spicatum was larger than that in Potamogeton malainus,on the contrary,the diversity of epiphytic bacteria in Myriophyllum spicatum was more lower. The diversity of two plants' epiphytic algae and epiphytic bacteria was often the highest in the medium water depth( 1.2 ~ 1.8 m). Strengthening the research on the characteristics of water depth on the epiphytic organism living on submerged macrophytes,it was reference to explore the mechanism of surface microecology in submerged macrophytes.
Two kinds of dominant submerged plants' epiphytic organism were selected as the research objects in Gehu Lake in Changzhou. Based on the way of microscopic count and 16 S rRNA high throughput sequencing,the influence of water depth( T1,T2,T3 and T4 respectively referred to 0.6,1.2,1.8 and 2.4 m) was investigated on Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton malainus epiphytic algae and bacteria's composition and diversity. The results showed that the distribution of microbial communities on surface of submerged plant were related to the water depth and species,the autotrophic index of Myriophyllum spicatum were larger than Potamogeton malainus under any water depth gradient in the test groups. Furthermore,the AI value of the small depth( 0.6 ~ 1.2 m) was higher,the AI value of the medium and large water depth( 1.8 ~ 2.4 m) was lower in the test groups. There were significant difference in epiphytic algae composition between two submerged macrophytes with water depth( p<0.05),the community of epiphytic algae living on two submerged macrophytes were dominated by Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta. Significant difference was also found in epiphytic bacteria composition between two plants with water depth( p<0.05),in which most of bacterial were Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and so on. There was a high similarity of the epiphytic bacteria's composition and abundance between the same plant and the water layer,more unique bacterial species were found in the small water depth( 0. 6 ~ 1. 2 m). It indicated that the diversity of epiphytic algae in Myriophyllum spicatum was larger than that in Potamogeton malainus,on the contrary,the diversity of epiphytic bacteria in Myriophyllum spicatum was more lower. The diversity of two plants' epiphytic algae and epiphytic bacteria was often the highest in the medium water depth( 1.2 ~ 1.8 m). Strengthening the research on the characteristics of water depth on the epiphytic organism living on submerged macrophytes,it was reference to explore the mechanism of surface microecology in submerged macrophytes.
引文
边归国.2012.浮水植物化感作用抑制藻类的机理与应用[J].水生生物学报,36(5):978-982
陈开宁,包先明,史龙新,等.2006.太湖五里湖生态重建示范工程---大型围隔试验[J].湖泊科学,18(2):139-149
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丁娜,徐东坡,刘凯,等.2015.太湖五里湖着生藻类群落结构特征分析[J].江西农业大学学报,37(2):346-352
丁轶睿,李定龙,张毅敏,等.2017.滆湖底泥细菌群落结构及多样性[J].环境科学学报,37(5):1649-1656
顾泳洁,王秀芝,廖祖荷.2005.利用着生生物群落动态变化检测水质的研究[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),(4):87-94
Gucht K V,Vandekerckhove T,Vloemans N,et al.2005.Characterization of bacterial communities in four freshwater lakes differing in nutrient load and food web structure[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,53(2):205-220
Hashidoko Y.2005.Ecochemical studies of interrelationships between epiphytic bacteria and host plants via secondary metabolites[J].Bioscience Biotechnology&Biochemistry,69(8):1427-1441
何聃,任丽娟,邢鹏,等.2014.沉水植物附着细菌群落结构及其多样性研究进展[J].生命科学,26(2):161-168
He D,Ren L J,Wu Q L.2012.Epiphytic bacterial communities on two common submerged macrophytes in Taihu Lake:diversity and hostspecificity[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,30(2):237-247
Hempel M,Grossart H P,Gross E M.2009.Community composition of bacterial biofilms on two common submerged macrophytes and an artificial substrate in a pre-alpine lake[J].Aquatic Microbial Ecology,58(1):79-94
Hilt S,Gross E M.2008.Can allelopathically active submerged macrophytes stabilise clear-water states in shallow lakes?[J].Basic&Applied Ecology,9(4):422-432
何尚卫,李勇,赵海光,等.2014.滆湖水体光学性质初步研究[J].湖泊科学,26(5):707-712
黄瑾,宋玉芝,秦伯强.2010.不同营养水平下苦草对附着和浮游藻类的影响[J].环境科学与技术,33(11):17-21
Joph B.2004.A comparison of two methods for estimating the organic matter content of sediments[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,31(1):125-127
凌旌瑾,顾咏洁,许春梅,等.2008.黄浦江和苏州河的着生藻类与水质因子关系的多元分析[J].环境科学研究,21(5):184-189
刘凯辉,张松贺,吕小央,等.2015.南京花神湖3种沉水植物表面附着微生物群落特征[J].湖泊科学,27(1):103-112
Liu Y Q,Yao T D,Zhu L P,et al.2009.Bacterial diversity of freshwater of freshwater alpine lake Puma Yumco on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geomicrobiology Journal,26(2):131-145
马杰,范婤,王国祥,等.2016.洪泽湖3种沉水植物附着细菌群落及多样性[J].湖泊科学,28(4):852-858
Mulderij G,Mooij W M,Smolders A J P,et al.2005.Allelopathic inhibition of phytoplankton by exudates from Stratiotes aloides[J].Aquatic Botany,82(4):284-296
Newton R J,Jones S E,Eiler A,et al.2011.A guide to the natural history of freshwater lake bacteria[J].Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews:MMBR,75(1):14-49
Oberauner L,Zachow C,Lackner S,et al.2013.The ignored diversity:complex bacterial communities in intensive care units revealed by16S pyrosequencing[J].Scientific Reports,3(3):1413-1425
Pielou E C.1975.Ecological diversity[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons Inc.156-182
Rimes C A,Goulder R.1985.A note on the attachment rate of suspended bacteria to submerged aquatic plants in a calcareous stream[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,59(4):389-392
Schloss P D,Gevers D,Westcott S L.2011.Reducing the effects of PCRamplification and sequencing artifacts on 16S rRNA-based studies[J].Plos One,6(12):e27310
Schloss P D,Westcoll S L,Ryabin T,et al.2009.Introducting mothera:open-source,platform-independent,community-supported software for describing and comparing microbial communitie[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,75(23):7537-7541
宋玉芝,黄瑾,秦伯强.2010.附着生物对太湖常见的两种沉水植物快速光曲线的影响[J].湖泊科学,22(6):935-940
宋玉芝,王宇佳,王锦旗,等.2016.水体氮磷浓度对两种沉水植物上附着藻类的影响[J].环境科学学报,36(9):3208-3212
宋玉芝,赵淑颖,杨美玖,等.2014.氨氮浓度及基质对附着藻类群落组成的影响[J].环境科学学报,34(5):1173-1177
Steinman A D,Lamberti G A,Leavitt P R,et al.2017.Biomass and Pigments of Benthic Algae[J].Methods in Stream Ecology,Volume1:357-379
Vadeboncoeur Y,Lodge D M,Carpenter S R.2001.Whole-lake fertilzation effects on distribution of primary production between benthic and pelagic habitats[J].Ecology,82(4):1065-1077
Vis C,Hudon C,Carignan R.2006.Influence of the vertical structure of macrophyte stands on epiphyte community metabolism[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science,63(5):1014-1026
王丽卿,张玮,范志锋,等.2012.淀山湖生态示范区附着藻类季节动态变化研究[J].农业环境科学学报,31(8):1596-1602
王文林,刘波,韩睿明,等.2014.沉水植物茎叶微界面及其对水体氮循环影响研究进展[J].生态学报,34(33):6409-6416
王旭昌,宗红,陆信曜,等.2015.醋酸杆菌生物催化丙烯醛合成丙烯酸[J].应用与环境生物学报,21(4):652-656
魏复盛.2012.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.703-710
吴晓辉,李其军.2010.水动力条件对藻类影响的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,19(7):1732-1738
肖溪,楼莉萍,李华,等.2009.沉水植物化感作用控藻能力评述[J].应用生态学报,20(3):705-712
昝帅君,樊景凤,明红霞,等.2016.辽河口浮游细菌和附着细菌群落结构及多样性分析[J].海洋环境科学,35(4):594-599
张艳娜,宋玉芝,王敏,等.2015.附植藻类对沉水植物狐尾藻生长及生理的影响[J].环境科学学报,35(7):2282-2288
朱广伟,赵林林,陈伟民,等.2011.低水位运行对天目湖水库水质与生态的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,27(4):87-94
陈开宁,包先明,史龙新,等.2006.太湖五里湖生态重建示范工程---大型围隔试验[J].湖泊科学,18(2):139-149
陈清潮,黄良民,尹建强,等.1994.南沙群岛及其邻近海区海洋生物多样性研究Ⅰ.南沙群岛海区浮游动物多样性研究[M].北京:海洋出版社.42-50
丁娜,徐东坡,刘凯,等.2015.太湖五里湖着生藻类群落结构特征分析[J].江西农业大学学报,37(2):346-352
丁轶睿,李定龙,张毅敏,等.2017.滆湖底泥细菌群落结构及多样性[J].环境科学学报,37(5):1649-1656
顾泳洁,王秀芝,廖祖荷.2005.利用着生生物群落动态变化检测水质的研究[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),(4):87-94
Gucht K V,Vandekerckhove T,Vloemans N,et al.2005.Characterization of bacterial communities in four freshwater lakes differing in nutrient load and food web structure[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,53(2):205-220
Hashidoko Y.2005.Ecochemical studies of interrelationships between epiphytic bacteria and host plants via secondary metabolites[J].Bioscience Biotechnology&Biochemistry,69(8):1427-1441
何聃,任丽娟,邢鹏,等.2014.沉水植物附着细菌群落结构及其多样性研究进展[J].生命科学,26(2):161-168
He D,Ren L J,Wu Q L.2012.Epiphytic bacterial communities on two common submerged macrophytes in Taihu Lake:diversity and hostspecificity[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,30(2):237-247
Hempel M,Grossart H P,Gross E M.2009.Community composition of bacterial biofilms on two common submerged macrophytes and an artificial substrate in a pre-alpine lake[J].Aquatic Microbial Ecology,58(1):79-94
Hilt S,Gross E M.2008.Can allelopathically active submerged macrophytes stabilise clear-water states in shallow lakes?[J].Basic&Applied Ecology,9(4):422-432
何尚卫,李勇,赵海光,等.2014.滆湖水体光学性质初步研究[J].湖泊科学,26(5):707-712
黄瑾,宋玉芝,秦伯强.2010.不同营养水平下苦草对附着和浮游藻类的影响[J].环境科学与技术,33(11):17-21
Joph B.2004.A comparison of two methods for estimating the organic matter content of sediments[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,31(1):125-127
凌旌瑾,顾咏洁,许春梅,等.2008.黄浦江和苏州河的着生藻类与水质因子关系的多元分析[J].环境科学研究,21(5):184-189
刘凯辉,张松贺,吕小央,等.2015.南京花神湖3种沉水植物表面附着微生物群落特征[J].湖泊科学,27(1):103-112
Liu Y Q,Yao T D,Zhu L P,et al.2009.Bacterial diversity of freshwater of freshwater alpine lake Puma Yumco on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geomicrobiology Journal,26(2):131-145
马杰,范婤,王国祥,等.2016.洪泽湖3种沉水植物附着细菌群落及多样性[J].湖泊科学,28(4):852-858
Mulderij G,Mooij W M,Smolders A J P,et al.2005.Allelopathic inhibition of phytoplankton by exudates from Stratiotes aloides[J].Aquatic Botany,82(4):284-296
Newton R J,Jones S E,Eiler A,et al.2011.A guide to the natural history of freshwater lake bacteria[J].Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews:MMBR,75(1):14-49
Oberauner L,Zachow C,Lackner S,et al.2013.The ignored diversity:complex bacterial communities in intensive care units revealed by16S pyrosequencing[J].Scientific Reports,3(3):1413-1425
Pielou E C.1975.Ecological diversity[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons Inc.156-182
Rimes C A,Goulder R.1985.A note on the attachment rate of suspended bacteria to submerged aquatic plants in a calcareous stream[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,59(4):389-392
Schloss P D,Gevers D,Westcott S L.2011.Reducing the effects of PCRamplification and sequencing artifacts on 16S rRNA-based studies[J].Plos One,6(12):e27310
Schloss P D,Westcoll S L,Ryabin T,et al.2009.Introducting mothera:open-source,platform-independent,community-supported software for describing and comparing microbial communitie[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,75(23):7537-7541
宋玉芝,黄瑾,秦伯强.2010.附着生物对太湖常见的两种沉水植物快速光曲线的影响[J].湖泊科学,22(6):935-940
宋玉芝,王宇佳,王锦旗,等.2016.水体氮磷浓度对两种沉水植物上附着藻类的影响[J].环境科学学报,36(9):3208-3212
宋玉芝,赵淑颖,杨美玖,等.2014.氨氮浓度及基质对附着藻类群落组成的影响[J].环境科学学报,34(5):1173-1177
Steinman A D,Lamberti G A,Leavitt P R,et al.2017.Biomass and Pigments of Benthic Algae[J].Methods in Stream Ecology,Volume1:357-379
Vadeboncoeur Y,Lodge D M,Carpenter S R.2001.Whole-lake fertilzation effects on distribution of primary production between benthic and pelagic habitats[J].Ecology,82(4):1065-1077
Vis C,Hudon C,Carignan R.2006.Influence of the vertical structure of macrophyte stands on epiphyte community metabolism[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science,63(5):1014-1026
王丽卿,张玮,范志锋,等.2012.淀山湖生态示范区附着藻类季节动态变化研究[J].农业环境科学学报,31(8):1596-1602
王文林,刘波,韩睿明,等.2014.沉水植物茎叶微界面及其对水体氮循环影响研究进展[J].生态学报,34(33):6409-6416
王旭昌,宗红,陆信曜,等.2015.醋酸杆菌生物催化丙烯醛合成丙烯酸[J].应用与环境生物学报,21(4):652-656
魏复盛.2012.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.703-710
吴晓辉,李其军.2010.水动力条件对藻类影响的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,19(7):1732-1738
肖溪,楼莉萍,李华,等.2009.沉水植物化感作用控藻能力评述[J].应用生态学报,20(3):705-712
昝帅君,樊景凤,明红霞,等.2016.辽河口浮游细菌和附着细菌群落结构及多样性分析[J].海洋环境科学,35(4):594-599
张艳娜,宋玉芝,王敏,等.2015.附植藻类对沉水植物狐尾藻生长及生理的影响[J].环境科学学报,35(7):2282-2288
朱广伟,赵林林,陈伟民,等.2011.低水位运行对天目湖水库水质与生态的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,27(4):87-94