基于古代文献对人粪类药物的选析
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摘要
药物研发和使用重在传承与创新。近年来,以肠道菌群为靶点治疗难治性疾病成为研究热点,粪菌移植等技术被现代医学临床实践逐渐验证和认可。与之有异曲同工之妙的粪便类药物在中医用药中运用时间早、效用明、方法确切,人粪类药物更是不鲜于见。从古代文献撷粹可见,人粪类药物名称的演变与炮制相关,从原形入药到渗透炮制,无论是药名、性状或卫生条件都有改善。同时人粪类药物属苦寒之品,归心胃二经,主要发挥清热解毒的功效,外用于疮痈肿毒、内治于热病痛证等,近代以来对温热病颇有成效。总结人粪类药物发展过程、炮制方法、治疗经验等对于现代中医发挥自身优势、研究利用粪便及粪便制品治疗疾病具有重要的启发意义。
The development of drug and clinical use emphasize on the inheritance and innovation.In recent years,it has become a research hotspot to treat intractable diseases with gut microbiota as a target.The technology of fecal bacteria transplantation has been gradually verified and approved by modern medical clinical practice,and has been continuously developed and improved.For thousands of years,Traditional Chinese medicine practitioners used fecal drugs earlier,more effective and accurate,which have similar effects with fecal bacteria transplantation.It can be seen from the ancient literature that the evolution of the name of human fecal drugs is related to the processing.From the original form to the infusion process,the name,traits or sanitary conditions have been improved.At the same time,human fecal drugs are bitter,cold,and belong to heart and stomach meridian.They are known for their detoxification.They are used for sore and swollen poisons,and they are treated with heat and pain.In modern times,they have been effective in warming diseases.Summarizing the development process,processing methods and treatment experience of human feces,it is of great inspiration for modern Chinese medicine to exert its own advantages and to study the use of feces and fecal products to treat diseases.
The development of drug and clinical use emphasize on the inheritance and innovation.In recent years,it has become a research hotspot to treat intractable diseases with gut microbiota as a target.The technology of fecal bacteria transplantation has been gradually verified and approved by modern medical clinical practice,and has been continuously developed and improved.For thousands of years,Traditional Chinese medicine practitioners used fecal drugs earlier,more effective and accurate,which have similar effects with fecal bacteria transplantation.It can be seen from the ancient literature that the evolution of the name of human fecal drugs is related to the processing.From the original form to the infusion process,the name,traits or sanitary conditions have been improved.At the same time,human fecal drugs are bitter,cold,and belong to heart and stomach meridian.They are known for their detoxification.They are used for sore and swollen poisons,and they are treated with heat and pain.In modern times,they have been effective in warming diseases.Summarizing the development process,processing methods and treatment experience of human feces,it is of great inspiration for modern Chinese medicine to exert its own advantages and to study the use of feces and fecal products to treat diseases.
引文
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[2]葛洪撰.补辑肘后方[M].陶弘景,增补.尚志钧,辑校.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1983.
[3]陶弘景.本草经集注辑校本[M].尚志钧,尚元胜,辑校.北京:人民卫生出版社,1994:394.
[4]张三锡.医学六要[M].王大妹,陈守鹏,点校.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005:1368.
[5]日华子本草蜀本草合刊本:日华子本草[M].尚志钧,辑释.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,2005:153.
[6]李中梓.雷公炮制药性解[M].钱允治,订正,金芷君,校注.北京:中国中医药出版社,1998:146.
[7]寇宗奭.本草衍义[M].北京:商务印书馆,1937:93.
[8]朱震亨.丹溪心法[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1959.
[9]李时珍.本草纲目[M].张守康,等,主校.北京:中国中医药出版社,1998.
[10]陆容.历代笔记小说大观菽园杂记[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2012:54.
[11]陈嘉谟.本草蒙筌[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1988:446-447.
[12]吴仪洛.本草从新[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1958:370.
[13]张秉成.本草便读[M].上海:上海卫生出版社,1958:119-120.
[14]杨时泰.《本草述钩元》释义[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,2009.
[15]顾靖远.顾松园医镜[M].袁久林,校注,吴少祯,主编.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2014.
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[17]张璐,赵小青.本经逢原[M].裴晓峰,校注.北京:中国中医药出版社,1996:280.
[18]叶天士.临证指南医案[M].苏礼,等整理.北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:211-213.
[19]吴塘.吴鞠通医案[M].上海:上海科技出版社,2010.
[20]何廉臣重印全国名医验案类编[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1959:271-333.
[21]张北华,王凤云,卞兆祥,等.证候表型与肠道微生态的相关性[J].中医杂志,2018,59(1):21-25.
[22]孔畅,陈东峰,赵泉霖.从肠道菌群探讨肥胖从脾论治的机理[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2017,23(9):1214-1216.
[23]GORKIEWICZ G,MOSCHEN A.Gut microbiome:a new player in gastrointestinal disease[J].Virchows Archiv,2017,472(1):159-172.
[24]EVRENSEL A,CEYLAN M E.Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Its Usage in Neuropsychiatric Disorders[J].Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci,2016,14(3):231-237.
[25]MISCHKE M,ARORA T,TIMS S,et al.Specific synbiotics in early life protect against diet-induced obesity in adult mice[J].Diabetes Obesity&Metabolism,2018,20(6):1408-1418.
[26]HARTSTRA A V,BOUTER K E,B?CKHED F,et al.Insights into the role of the microbiome in obesity and type 2 diabetes.[J].Diabetes Care,2015,38(1):159-165.