复合肥中腐植酸含量对冬小麦产量和氮吸收的影响
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摘要
为明确腐植酸添加量对复合肥施肥效应的影响,并为腐植酸复合肥在华北石灰性土壤冬小麦丰产中的应用提供参考,本研究在田间条件下,以普通复合肥处理为对照,研究施用不同腐植酸含量的复合肥(I～VI型,腐植酸含量1%～6%),对改善养分吸收和冬小麦产量的影响。结果表明:氮肥是冬小麦生长和产量的关键因子之一,但氮肥用量相同时,腐植酸含量对冬小麦产量和生物量无显著促进作用,复合肥中腐植酸含量为5%时氮肥利用率最佳,但与普通复合肥相比差异不显著;腐植酸含量为4%～6%的复合肥(Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ型)能够显著提高冬小麦有效分蘖数,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅵ型腐植酸复合肥显著提高籽粒中锰含量,5种类型腐植酸复合肥对土壤有机质、碱解氮含量均无显著提升作用。由于本试验为一季试验,腐植酸复合肥对冬小麦增产和氮肥利用率的提升效果尚需进一步研究。
In order to clarify the effect of different content of humic acid additive on fertilization effect of composite fertilizer, and to provide evidences to increase winter wheat yield with humic-acid-composite fertilizer at limy soils in North China Plain, the effect of composite fertilizer with different contents of humic acid(type Ⅰ～Ⅵ with 1%～6% humic acid concentrations) on nutrient uptake and winter wheat yield increment compared to application common composite fertilizer was studied in field. The results showed that nitrogen amount was one critical factor for winter wheat growth and yield. With the same amount nitrogen application, the humic acid content had no significant promotion on winter wheat yield and biomass. The highest nitrogen efficiency was observed at composite fertilizer with 5% humic acid, but there was no significant difference compared with common composite fertilizer. Composite fertilizers with humic acid content ranging from 4% to 6%(Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ type) could significantly increase head-producing tiller number of winter wheat, and the humic-acid-composite fertilizer of type Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and VI could significantly enhance Mn content in wheat kernels. Five types of humic-acid-composite fertilizer had no significant effect on soil organic matter content and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content. The effect of humic-acid-composite fertilizer on winter wheat yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency needed to be further studied as this approach was proceeded by only one season trial.
In order to clarify the effect of different content of humic acid additive on fertilization effect of composite fertilizer, and to provide evidences to increase winter wheat yield with humic-acid-composite fertilizer at limy soils in North China Plain, the effect of composite fertilizer with different contents of humic acid(type Ⅰ～Ⅵ with 1%～6% humic acid concentrations) on nutrient uptake and winter wheat yield increment compared to application common composite fertilizer was studied in field. The results showed that nitrogen amount was one critical factor for winter wheat growth and yield. With the same amount nitrogen application, the humic acid content had no significant promotion on winter wheat yield and biomass. The highest nitrogen efficiency was observed at composite fertilizer with 5% humic acid, but there was no significant difference compared with common composite fertilizer. Composite fertilizers with humic acid content ranging from 4% to 6%(Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ type) could significantly increase head-producing tiller number of winter wheat, and the humic-acid-composite fertilizer of type Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and VI could significantly enhance Mn content in wheat kernels. Five types of humic-acid-composite fertilizer had no significant effect on soil organic matter content and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content. The effect of humic-acid-composite fertilizer on winter wheat yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency needed to be further studied as this approach was proceeded by only one season trial.
引文
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[5] 王飞,刘彤彤,李淑敏,等.不同氮素水平下添加纳米碳增效剂对玉米氮肥利用率及产量影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31 (33):74-78.
[6] 张树清,刘秀梅,冯兆滨.腐植酸对氮、磷、钾的吸附和解吸特性研究[J].腐植酸,2007(2):15-21.
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[13] 梁太波,王振林,刘娟,等.灌溉和旱作条件下腐植酸复合肥对小麦生理特性及产量的影响[J].中国农业生态学报,2009,17(5):900-904.
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[15] 刘红恩,张胜男,刘世量,等.腐植酸尿素对冬小麦产量、养分吸收利用和土壤养分的影响[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(7):944-952.
[16] 翟勇,李玮,史力超,等.腐殖酸尿素对滴灌棉花产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国棉花,2016,43(5):27-31.
[17] 李兆君,马国瑞,王申贵,等.腐殖酸长效尿素在土壤中转化及其对玉米增产的效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(4):121-123.
[18] 刘艳丽,丁方军,张娟,等.活化腐植酸-尿素施用对小麦-玉米轮作土壤氮肥利用率及其控制因素的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(10):1310-1319.
[19] 程亮,张保林,王杰,等.腐植酸肥料的研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(5):1-6.
[20] 庞庆阳,宣毓龙,蔡旭,等.棉粕腐植酸肥对小麦生长及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(2):231-235.
[21] 巨晓棠.氮肥有效率的概念及意义[J].土壤学报,2014,51(5):921-933.
[22] 巨晓棠,张福锁.关于氮肥利用率的思考[J].生态环境,2003,12(2):192-197.
[2] 吉艳芝,巨晓棠,刘新宇,等.不同施氮量对冬小麦田氮去向和气态损失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(3):113-118.
[3] Jin J Y.Change in the efficiency of fertilizer use in China[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2012,92(5):1006-1009.
[4] Sangakkara R,Attanayake K B,Stamp P.Impact of locally derived organic materials and method of addition on maize yields and nitrogen use efficiencies in major and minor seasons of tropical South Asia[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2008,39(17/18):2584-2596.
[5] 王飞,刘彤彤,李淑敏,等.不同氮素水平下添加纳米碳增效剂对玉米氮肥利用率及产量影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31 (33):74-78.
[6] 张树清,刘秀梅,冯兆滨.腐植酸对氮、磷、钾的吸附和解吸特性研究[J].腐植酸,2007(2):15-21.
[7] Pamela C,Louise N,Joseph W K.Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants[J].Plant and Soil,2014,383:3-41.
[8] Tahir M M,Khurshid M,Khan M Z,et al.Lignite-derived humic acid effect on growth of wheat plants in different soils[J].Pedosphere,2011,2:124-131.
[9] 李兆君,马国瑞.腐殖酸尿素的制造及其增产作用机理的研究近况[J].土壤通报,2004,35(6):799-801.
[10] 闫双堆,刘利军,洪坚平,等.腐殖酸-尿素络合物对尿素转化及氮素释放的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(1):109-112.
[11] 梁太波,王振林,刘兰兰,等.腐植酸尿素对生姜产量及氮素吸收、同化和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(5):903-909.
[12] 陈振德,何金明,李祥云,等.施用腐殖酸对提高玉米氮肥利用率的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(1):52-54.
[13] 梁太波,王振林,刘娟,等.灌溉和旱作条件下腐植酸复合肥对小麦生理特性及产量的影响[J].中国农业生态学报,2009,17(5):900-904.
[14] 马红梅,秦俊梅,李兆君,等.玉米专用型腐殖酸长效尿素肥效研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(4):651-655.
[15] 刘红恩,张胜男,刘世量,等.腐植酸尿素对冬小麦产量、养分吸收利用和土壤养分的影响[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(7):944-952.
[16] 翟勇,李玮,史力超,等.腐殖酸尿素对滴灌棉花产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国棉花,2016,43(5):27-31.
[17] 李兆君,马国瑞,王申贵,等.腐殖酸长效尿素在土壤中转化及其对玉米增产的效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(4):121-123.
[18] 刘艳丽,丁方军,张娟,等.活化腐植酸-尿素施用对小麦-玉米轮作土壤氮肥利用率及其控制因素的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(10):1310-1319.
[19] 程亮,张保林,王杰,等.腐植酸肥料的研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(5):1-6.
[20] 庞庆阳,宣毓龙,蔡旭,等.棉粕腐植酸肥对小麦生长及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(2):231-235.
[21] 巨晓棠.氮肥有效率的概念及意义[J].土壤学报,2014,51(5):921-933.
[22] 巨晓棠,张福锁.关于氮肥利用率的思考[J].生态环境,2003,12(2):192-197.